RESUMO
Rapid tests (RTs) can be used as an alternative method for the conventional diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study aims to evaluate antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe) RTs under different Brazilian settings. The following three groups were included: GI: viral hepatitis outpatient services; GII: low resource areas; and GIII: crack users and beauticians. Imuno-rápido anti-HBsAg™ and Imuno-rápido anti-HBeAg™ RTs were evaluated and showed specificities greater than 95% in all groups. The sensitivity values to anti-HBs were 50.38%, 51.05% and 46.73% and the sensitivity values to anti-HBe were 76.99%, 10.34% and 11.76% in the GI, GII and GIII groups, respectively. The assays had a low sensitivity and high specificity, which indicated their use for screening in regions endemic for HBV.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Rapid tests (RTs) can be used as an alternative method for the conventional diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study aims to evaluate antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe) RTs under different Brazilian settings. The following three groups were included: GI: viral hepatitis outpatient services; GII: low resource areas; and GIII: crack users and beauticians. Imuno-rápido anti-HBsAg™ and Imuno-rápido anti-HBeAg™ RTs were evaluated and showed specificities greater than 95% in all groups. The sensitivity values to anti-HBs were 50.38%, 51.05% and 46.73% and the sensitivity values to anti-HBe were 76.99%, 10.34% and 11.76% in the GI, GII and GIII groups, respectively. The assays had a low sensitivity and high specificity, which indicated their use for screening in regions endemic for HBV.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The context of first drug injection and its association with ongoing injecting practices and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection were investigated. Injection drug users (IDUs) (N = 606) were recruited in "drug scenes" (public places, bars) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, interviewed, and tested for HCV. Sharing of needles/syringes was more prevalent at the first injection (51.3%) than at the baseline interview (36.8%). Those who shared syringes/needles at first injection were more likely to be currently engaged in direct/indirect sharing practices. Among young injectors (< 30 years), those reporting sharing of needles/ syringes at the first injection were about four times more likely to have been infected by HCV. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among active IDUs (n = 272) was 11%. Prison history and longer duration of drug injection were identified as independent predictors of HCV infection. To effectively curb HCV transmission among IDUs and minimize harms associated with risk behaviors, preventive strategies should target individuals initiating drug injection beginning with their very first injection and discourage the transition from non-injecting use to the self-injection of illicit drugs.
Assuntos
Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas/efeitos adversos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/transmissão , Humanos , Masculino , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologiaRESUMO
O trabalho investiga o contexto da primeira injecão de drogas e sua associacão com práticas atuais de injecão e infeccão pelo HCV (vírus da hepatite C). Usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDI) (N = 606) foram recrutados em cenas de uso (ruas, bares) do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entrevistados e testados (anti-HCV). A freqüência de compartilhamento de agulhas e seringas foi superior na primeira injecão (51,3 por cento), se comparada à atualmente referida (36,8 por cento). Usuários que iniciaram o uso injetável compartilhando agulhas/seringas relataram uma freqüência significativamente maior de compartilhamento direto/indireto de agulhas/seringas nos últimos seis meses. A infeccão pelo HCV foi quatro vezes mais prevalente entre UDI jovens (< 30 anos) que compartilharam agulhas e seringas na primeira injecão. A prevalência de anti-HCV foi 11 por cento entre UDI ativos (n = 272) e se mostrou independentemente associada à história de prisão e à duracão do uso de drogas injetáveis. A prevencão da disseminacão do HCV nesta populacão requer a adocão de medidas de reducão de riscos e danos associados à injecão de drogas já desde a primeira injecão ou, antes, um desestímulo à transicão do uso não injetável para injetável.