RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The gut microbiota associates with obesity and related disorders, but recent meta-analyses have found that this association is, at best, of small effect. We argue that such analyses are flawed by the use of body mass index (BMI) as sole proxy for disease, and explore a classification method that distinguishes the cardiometabolic health status of individuals to look for more comprehensive associations between gut microbes and health. DESIGN: We analyzed a 441 community-dwelling cohort on which we obtained demographic and health information, anthropometry and blood biochemistry data that served to categorize participants according to BMI, cardiometabolic health status and body size phenotypes. In addition, the participants donated fecal samples from which we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota. RESULTS: We observed that health-related variables deteriorate with increased BMI, and that there are further discrepancies within a given BMI category when distinguishing cardiometabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals. Regarding the gut microbiota, both obesity and cardiovascular disease associate with reductions in α-diversity; having lean, healthy individuals the most diverse microbiotas. Moreover, the association between the gut microbiota and health stems from particular consortia of microbes; the prevalence of consortia involving pathobionts and Lachnospiraceae are increased in obese and cardiometabolically abnormal subjects, whereas consortia including Akkermansia muciniphila and Methanobrevibacter, Oscillospira and Dialister have higher prevalence in cardiometabolically healthy and normoweight participants. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of cardiometabolic data allows a refined identification of dissimilarities in the gut microbiota; within a given BMI category, marker taxa associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disease are exacerbated in individuals with abnormal health status. Our results highlight the importance of the detailed assessment and classification of individuals that should be carried out prior to the evaluation of obesity treatments targeting the gut microbiota.
Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal/fisiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Risco , FumarAssuntos
Chryseobacterium/genética , Chryseobacterium/fisiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinária , Fenótipo , Salmo salar , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/metabolismo , Chryseobacterium/classificação , Chryseobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Chryseobacterium/patogenicidade , Finlândia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/sangue , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short-term impact of air pollution on daily mortality in the City of Zaragoza (Spain). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This ecologic study was conducted in Zaragoza, Spain, from 1991 to 1993. Poisson autoregressive models were constructed to assess the association between air particulate matter and sulphur dioxide SO2 and daily deaths. Four outcome variables were studied: overall mortality (excluding external deaths), mortality in subjects over 69 years of age, mortality due to respiratory disease, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. A sample size was not obtained. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical software EGRET and SPSS. RESULTS: SO2 levels were significantly associated with cardiovascular deaths (RR = 1.018 IC 95%: 1.001-1.036) and particulate matter levels with respiratory deaths (RR = 1.028 IC 95%: 1.006-1.051). During the warm season, a significant relationship was found between particulate mater and cardiovascular deaths (RR = 1.020 IC 95%: 1.001-1.040). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of air pollution were found in Zaragoza, with considerable variation in the concentration of air pollutant concentrations and daily respiratory and cardiovascular deaths, particularly during the warm season. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Mortalidade/tendências , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Causas de Morte/tendências , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
En la actualidad la técnica de prostatectomía suprapúbica transvesical resuelve aproximadamente el 10 por ciento de los pacientes con indicación quirúrgica por Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna (HPB). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo revisando esta técnica en el lapso de 10 años. Se obtuvieron 415 casos, correspondientes al 8,6 por ciento de los procedimientos quirúrgicos por HPB. Con una edad promedio de 70,2 años, con un peso estimado de próstata por ecotomografía pelviana de 108,1 gr, antígeno prostático específico de 7,4 ng/ml. Tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 79,7 minutos. Uso de sonda post-op 7 días. Por anatomía patológica se comprobó un 3,8 por ciento de cáncer incidental
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Prostatectomia , Comorbidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Hemos revisado las uretroplastías efectuadas en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital J.J. Aguirre desde Noviembre de 1983 a Diciembre de 1993, analizando los resultados de las técnicas empleadas en los 36 pacientes intervenidos en dicho período. Se efectuó sutura término - terminal en el 41,7 por ciento de los pacientes, colgajo cutáneo pediculado en el 50 por ciento, lo que suma un 91,7 por ciento de plastías en un tiempo y un 8,3 por ciento de plastías tipo Johanson o Turner Warwick en dos tiempos. El promedio de edad fue 49,44 años con un rango de 17 a 89 años. La longitud de la estrechez tratada fue de 1 a 3 cms en el 61,1 por ciento entre 3 y 4 cms en el 25 por ciento y más de 4 cms en el 13,9 por ciento logrando un resultado global: excelente en el 50 por ciento, bueno en el 41,7 por ciento y malo en el 8,3 por ciento