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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to conduct an umbrella review to summarize the existing evidence regarding the prevalence of peri-ictal psychiatric manifestations (PM) in people with epilepsy (PWE) including pre-ictal, ictal, and postictal stages. METHODS: Databases were searched up to June 2023 for systematic reviews (SR) of observational studies that included patients with epilepsy peri-ictal PM. Data selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (with the AMSTAR-2 instrument) were performed by two independent reviewers. We performed a narrative synthesis using previous guidelines. We used a self-developed decision table according to the GRADE system adapted for narrative outcomes if the certainty of outcomes was not determined by systematic review authors. RESULTS: Four SRs were included comprising 66 primary studies (n = 10 217). Three SRs evaluated one period (pre-ictal, ictal, and postictal), and one did not determine it. During the pre-ictal period, the more prevalent symptom was confusion, although with a low certainty (due to the heterogeneity and serious risk of bias). One systematic review that only included case reports evaluated the ictal period, finding mood/anxiety disorders, psychosis, and personality changes. The postictal period included the most PM (anxiety: 45.0% and depressive symptoms: 43.0%), with very low certainty, due to risk of bias, potential publication bias, heterogeneity, and failure to report the confidence intervals. SIGNIFICANCE: With very low certainty, epileptic periods are characterized by a wide spectrum of PM, being postictal symptoms the most prevalent, predominantly anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Further understanding of these PM of epilepsy could improve the attention of the people with epilepsy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: In this review of reviews, we summarize the frequency in which psychiatric manifestations occur in relation to an epileptic seizure. A total of 10 217 patients were reported in the reviews. The most common manifestations included symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as changes in the normal behavior of the patient. These manifestations occurred most frequently right after the seizure finished.

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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has become the most devastating zoonotic event in recent times, with negative impacts on both human and animal welfare as well as on the global economy. Although SARS-CoV-2 is considered a human virus, it likely emerged from animals, and it can infect both domestic and wild animals. This constitutes a risk for human and animal health including wildlife with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 horizontal transmission back and forth between humans and wild animals. AIM: Molecular surveillance in different wildlife rehabilitation centers and wildlife associated institutions in Chile, which are critical points of animal-human interaction and wildlife conservation, especially since the aim of wildlife rehabilitation centers is to reintroduce animals to their original habitat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey was conducted in six WRCs and three wildlife associated institutions. A total of 185 samples were obtained from 83 individuals belonging to 15 different species, including vulnerable and endangered species. Each specimen was sampled with two different swabs: one oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal according to the nostril diameter, and/or a second rectal sample. RNA was extracted from the samples and two different molecular assays were performed: first, a conventional RT-PCR with pan-coronavirus primers and a second SARS-CoV-2 qPCR targeting the N and S genes. RESULTS: All 185 samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study constitutes the first report on the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 from wildlife treated in rehabilitation centers in Chile, and supports the biosafety procedures adopted in those centers.

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Canine distemper virus (CDV) is one of the most significantinfectious disease threats to the health and conservation of free-ranging and captive wild carnivores. CDV vaccination using recombinant canarypox-based vaccines has been recommended for maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) after the failure of modified live vaccines that induced disease in vaccinated animals. Here, we report a CDV outbreak in a captive population of maned wolves that were previously vaccinated. Five juveniles and one adult from a group of seven maned wolves housed in an outdoor exhibit died in April-May 2013 in a zoo in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Clinical signs ranged from lethargy to digestive and respiratory signs. Diagnosis of CDV was confirmed by histopathology, antibody assays, and viral molecular detection and characterization. The phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequence of the H gene of the CDV genome identified in the two positive samples suggest a close relation with the lineage Europe 1, commonly found in South America and Chile. CDV infections in maned wolves have not been previously characterized. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report of the clinical presentation of CDV in a canine species previously immunized with a recombinant vaccine.

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Background: Gout is a chronic disorder caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in soft tissues. Tophi are granulomatous inflammatory responses to the deposited crystals and manifest as subcutaneous nodules, typically in the first metatarsophalangeal joint but also in the olecranon bursa, Achilles tendon, ears, and finger pulps. Case Report: A 56-year-old male presented to an outpatient clinic with an 8-month history of an expanding scrotal lesion. The patient had no significant family history but had a history of high blood pressure and gout, diagnosed at age 24 years, without current treatment. Excisional biopsy from the ulcerated area of the scrotum was performed for confirmatory diagnosis, and pathology reported gouty tophus. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this case is the first report of a scrotal manifestation of gouty tophus and the second of genital involvement. Awareness of the possibility of genital manifestations of this disease is important because although gouty tophi are rare, they can present in patients with long-term uncontrolled gout.

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INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to determine the mean morphometric characteristics of the rectovaginal septum (RVS) and its variations in correlation with the number of pregnancies, method of delivery, parity, and estrogenic exposure. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive, and comparative study was carried out. Pelvic MRI of Hispanic women (≥15 years of age) from the northeast of Mexico were obtained. Age and obstetric and gynecological history were registered and the sample women were categorized by their variables. Length and thickness measurements were standardized. RESULTS: A total of 102 MRI studies were included, with a mean age of 41; 24.5% were nulligravida, the rest primi- or multigravida. Vaginal delivery was the most common type (49.35%), 16.88% had a cesarean section, and 31.17% had mixed delivery. 74.5% of the women were premenopausal. The mean RVS length was 73.2 ± 15.3 mm, with a thickness of 2.8 ± 1.7, 2.2 ± 1.2, and 2.5 ± 1.3 mm for the upper, middle, and lower thirds respectively. There were tendencies to increase the length of the RVS, and the thickness of the upper and middle thirds in the non-pregnancy and the at-least-one-pregnancy groups; to increase the length and middle-third thickness in those with mixed delivery, and increased upper- and lower-third thickness in those with only a cesarean section. Multiparous women with vaginal delivery had significantly longer and thicker RVS than primiparous. Premenopausal women had significantly longer RVS with a tendency to lose thickness toward postmenopause. CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of RVS can be modified by different factors such as age, number of pregnancies, number of births, and estrogenic exposure. This structure should be evaluated and taken into account in preoperative management and surgical technique planning.

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Broad scale population estimates of declining species are desired for conservation efforts. However, for many secretive species including large carnivores, such estimates are often difficult. Based on published density estimates obtained through camera trapping, presence/absence data, and globally available predictive variables derived from satellite imagery, we modelled density and occurrence of a large carnivore, the jaguar, across the species' entire range. We then combined these models in a hierarchical framework to estimate the total population. Our models indicate that potential jaguar density is best predicted by measures of primary productivity, with the highest densities in the most productive tropical habitats and a clear declining gradient with distance from the equator. Jaguar distribution, in contrast, is determined by the combined effects of human impacts and environmental factors: probability of jaguar occurrence increased with forest cover, mean temperature, and annual precipitation and declined with increases in human foot print index and human density. Probability of occurrence was also significantly higher for protected areas than outside of them. We estimated the world's jaguar population at 173,000 (95% CI: 138,000-208,000) individuals, mostly concentrated in the Amazon Basin; elsewhere, populations tend to be small and fragmented. The high number of jaguars results from the large total area still occupied (almost 9 million km2) and low human densities (< 1 person/km2) coinciding with high primary productivity in the core area of jaguar range. Our results show the importance of protected areas for jaguar persistence. We conclude that combining modelling of density and distribution can reveal ecological patterns and processes at global scales, can provide robust estimates for use in species assessments, and can guide broad-scale conservation actions.

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Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, cuyo objetivo es identificar la proporción de niños preescolares con anemia ferropriva, pertenecientes al Jardín Lobito de la Pintana, durante los meses de Mayo - Junio de 2001. El universo está constituido por una población de 2.458 preescolares perteneciente a Jardines Infantiles o Centros Abiertos de la Pintana. La muestra es de tipo probabilística por conglomerado y corresponde a 96 preescolares. Los requisitos de inclusión son: no presentar enfermedades hematológicas ni parasitarias y no haber recibido terapia con hierro los 6 últimos meses previos al examen. Se procesan en el Laboratorio del INTA: Volumen Corpuscular Medio, Hematocrito, Hemoglobina, Protoporfirina Eritrocitaria Libre y Ferritina Sérica. Se evalúa el estado nutricional según patrón OMS, y se toman antecedentes biomédicos, alimenticios, mórbidos y socioeconómicos, con una encuesta aplicada a los apoderados. Los resultados reflejan una población con un leve predominio del sexo femenino (52.1 por ciento) y un promedio de edad de 4 años. Son eutróficos el 64.6 por ciento de los niños. La mayoría pertenece al estrato medio y medio bajo (50 por ciento y 48 por ciento respectivamente, y un 5.2 por ciento posee depósitos de hierro depletados

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