RESUMO
This work describes the new facility for applied nuclear physics at the University of Sao Paulo, mainly for irradiation of electronic devices. It is a setup composed of a quadrupole doublet for beam focusing/defocusing plus multiple scattering through gold foils to produce low intensity, large-area, and high-uniformity heavy-ion beams from 1H to 107Ag. Beam intensities can be easily adjusted from 102 particles cm2/s to hundreds of nA for an area as large as 2.0 cm2 and uniformity better than 90%. Its irradiation chamber has a high-precision motorized stage, and the system is controlled by a LabViewTM environment, allowing measurement automation. Design considerations and examples of use are presented.
RESUMO
Resumo O artigo apresenta o contexto de organização e realização do primeiro Congresso Médico Amazônico, ocorrido na cidade de Belém, em agosto de 1939. Inserido na tradição da divulgação científica de seu tempo, o evento reuniu parte das elites médicas da região e contou com a participação de convidados reconhecidos nacional e internacionalmente, entre eles Josué de Castro e Dante Costa. Tendo como principais fontes os materiais impressos produzidos pelo congresso e as notícias veiculadas nos jornais paraenses, este texto examina a concentração de debates sobre as carências alimentares da Amazônia observando a compreensão acadêmica e política das faces do fenômeno para a região.
Abstract The context in which the first Amazonian Medical Congress was organized and held in Belém, Brazil, in August 1939, is presented. Within the tradition of scientific communication of its time, the event brought together some of the region's medical elites and also had nationally and internationally renowned guest participants, including Josué de Castro and Dante Costa. Taking the printed matter produced by the congress and news stories printed in the local press as its main sources, this study examines the accompanying debates on dietary deficiencies in the Amazon, observing academic and political understandings of the different aspects of the phenomenon for the region.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Sociedades Médicas/história , Congressos como Assunto/história , Dieta/história , BrasilRESUMO
Introduction: Leptospirosis is an emerging disease with different prevalence in dog populations. Dogs are crucial in the disease epidemiology, acting as accidental or maintenance hosts. Infective serovars present different geographic distribution among these populations, depending on exposure to hosts from infected wild or domestic animal reservoirs. The most common serovars that infect dogs prior to the introduction of the vaccines against leptospirosis were Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola. Objective: To analyze the occurrence of anti-leptospira antibodies in dogs from southwestern region of the state of São Paulo, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Anticorpos/imunologia , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Leptospirose/imunologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Leptospirosis is an emerging disease with different prevalence in dog populations. Dogs are crucial in the disease epidemiology, acting as accidental or maintenance hosts. Infective serovars present different geographic distribution among these populations, depending on exposure to hosts from infected wild or domestic animal reservoirs. The most common serovars that infect dogs prior to the introduction of the vaccines against leptospirosis were Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola. Objective: To analyze the occurrence of anti-leptospira antibodies in dogs from southwestern region of the state of São Paulo, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Leptospirose/imunologia , Anticorpos/imunologiaRESUMO
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and fatal type of brain tumor, is capable of interacting with brain immune cells such as microglia, which contributes to the growth of these tumors. Various molecules, including growth factors and cytokines, have been identified as regulators of microglia-glioblastoma interaction. Recent studies suggest that the Wnt family of lipoglycoproteins plays an important role, not only in biological events during development, but also in cancer progression, and can be part of microglia recruitment to glioblastoma as well as of tumor growth and invasion. Here, we discuss recent interesting findings that support a role for Wnt signaling pathways in the microglia-glioblastoma crosstalk.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Microglia/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt/fisiologia , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Microglia/patologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ideal time of application of reactive natural phosphate combined with nitrogen fertilizers for Marandu grass fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a random block design with six treatments and six replicates. A 3x2 factorial scheme consisting of three times of application of reactive natural phosphate (before, together and after liming) and two nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate and urea) was used. No interaction was observed between the time of reactive natural phosphate application and nitrogen fertilizer. However, in the first cut, reactive natural phosphate resulted in a larger number of leaves and tillers (47 leaves/pot and 13 tillers/pot) when applied after liming and increased leaf blade mass (4.26 g/pot) when applied together with liming. In the second and third cut, the time of application did not influence any of the variables studied, except for residual dry matter which was lower (20.17 g/pot) when reactive natural phosphate was applied before liming. Treatment with ammonium sulfate resulted in a lower pH in the three cuts performed. In the second and third cut, a higher leaf blade dry mass (12.5 and 14.8 g/pot, respectively) and a larger number of leaves (95 and 111 leaves/pot, respectively) and tillers (29 and 39 tillers/pot, respectively) were observed for the treatment with ammonium sulfate. The time of application of reactive natural phosphate exerted no significant effect on the agronomic efficiency of the three cuts. However, in the third cut, the application of reactive natural phosphate together with or after liming was superior to the soluble phosphate source. Reactive natural phosphate should be applied together with or after liming, regardless of the nitrogen fertilizer used. Ammonium sulfate optimizes the development of Marandu grass after regrowth of this forage.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a época de aplicação de fosfato natural reativo associado a fertilizantes nitrogenados na adubação do capim-marandu. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 3x2, com três épocas de incorporação de fosfato natural reativo (antes, junto e depois da calagem) e duas fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio e ureia). Não houve interação entre as épocas de incorporação de fosfato natural reativo e os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Entretanto, no primeiro corte, o fosfato natural reativo, quando aplicado depois da calagem, proporcionou maior número de folhas e perfilhos (47 folhas/vaso e 13 perfilhos/vaso, respectivamente), contudo quando incorporado junto com a calagem proporcionou maior massa de lâminas foliares (4,26 g/vaso). No segundo e terceiro cortes, a época de incorporação não influenciou nenhuma das variáveis mencionadas, com exceção da massa seca de resíduo que foi menor (20,17 g/vaso) quando incorporado antes da calagem. O tratamento com sulfato de amônio resultou menor pH nos três cortes realizados. No segundo e terceiro cortes, notou-se maior massa seca de lâminas foliares (12,5 e 14,8 g/vaso, respectivamente), maior número de folhas (95 e 111 folhas/vaso, respectivamente) e perfilhos (29 e 39 perfilhos/vaso, respectivamente) no tratamento com sulfato de amônio. A época de incorporação do fosfato natural reativo não apresentou diferença significativa na eficiência agronômica nos três cortes. No entanto, no terceiro corte a incorporação do fosfato natural reativo junto e depois da calagem foram superiores à fonte fosfatada solúvel. Independente do fertilizante nitrogenado, o fosfato natural reativo deve ser incorporado junto ou depois da calagem. O sulfato de amônio otimiza o desenvolvimento do capim-marandu a partir da rebrota dessa forrageira.(AU)
Assuntos
Brachiaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Acidez do Solo , Estações do Ano , Sulfato de Amônio , Fosfatos , 24444RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ideal time of application of reactive natural phosphate combined with nitrogen fertilizers for Marandu grass fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a random block design with six treatments and six replicates. A 3x2 factorial scheme consisting of three times of application of reactive natural phosphate (before, together and after liming) and two nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate and urea) was used. No interaction was observed between the time of reactive natural phosphate application and nitrogen fertilizer. However, in the first cut, reactive natural phosphate resulted in a larger number of leaves and tillers (47 leaves/pot and 13 tillers/pot) when applied after liming and increased leaf blade mass (4.26 g/pot) when applied together with liming. In the second and third cut, the time of application did not influence any of the variables studied, except for residual dry matter which was lower (20.17 g/pot) when reactive natural phosphate was applied before liming. Treatment with ammonium sulfate resulted in a lower pH in the three cuts performed. In the second and third cut, a higher leaf blade dry mass (12.5 and 14.8 g/pot, respectively) and a larger number of leaves (95 and 111 leaves/pot, respectively) and tillers (29 and 39 tillers/pot, respectively) were observed for the treatment with ammonium sulfate. The time of application of reactive natural phosphate exerted no significant effect on the agronomic efficiency of the three cuts. However, in the third cut, the application of reactive natural phosphate together with or after liming was superior to the soluble phosphate source. Reactive natural phosphate should be applied together with or after liming, regardless of the nitrogen fertilizer used. Ammonium sulfate optimizes the development of Marandu grass after regrowth of this forage.
Objetivou-se avaliar a época de aplicação de fosfato natural reativo associado a fertilizantes nitrogenados na adubação do capim-marandu. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 3x2, com três épocas de incorporação de fosfato natural reativo (antes, junto e depois da calagem) e duas fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio e ureia). Não houve interação entre as épocas de incorporação de fosfato natural reativo e os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Entretanto, no primeiro corte, o fosfato natural reativo, quando aplicado depois da calagem, proporcionou maior número de folhas e perfilhos (47 folhas/vaso e 13 perfilhos/vaso, respectivamente), contudo quando incorporado junto com a calagem proporcionou maior massa de lâminas foliares (4,26 g/vaso). No segundo e terceiro cortes, a época de incorporação não influenciou nenhuma das variáveis mencionadas, com exceção da massa seca de resíduo que foi menor (20,17 g/vaso) quando incorporado antes da calagem. O tratamento com sulfato de amônio resultou menor pH nos três cortes realizados. No segundo e terceiro cortes, notou-se maior massa seca de lâminas foliares (12,5 e 14,8 g/vaso, respectivamente), maior número de folhas (95 e 111 folhas/vaso, respectivamente) e perfilhos (29 e 39 perfilhos/vaso, respectivamente) no tratamento com sulfato de amônio. A época de incorporação do fosfato natural reativo não apresentou diferença significativa na eficiência agronômica nos três cortes. No entanto, no terceiro corte a incorporação do fosfato natural reativo junto e depois da calagem foram superiores à fonte fosfatada solúvel. Independente do fertilizante nitrogenado, o fosfato natural reativo deve ser incorporado junto ou depois da calagem. O sulfato de amônio otimiza o desenvolvimento do capim-marandu a partir da rebrota dessa forrageira.
Assuntos
Acidez do Solo , Brachiaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do Ano , Fosfatos , Sulfato de Amônio , 24444RESUMO
La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal es una patología crónica, con una incidencia cada vez mayor. Dentro de este grupo de afecciones, la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa son las más frecuentes. La enterografía por tomografía computada (ETC) y por resonancia magnética (ERM) son las modalidades de elección para la evaluación y seguimiento de la entidad, permitiendo examinar la apariencia de la mucosa, la pared intestinal, las manifestaciones extraintestinales y las complicaciones asociadas. La elección del estudio debe hacerse de acuerdo con la condición clínica de cada paciente
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with increasing incidence. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the most common pathologies. Computed tomography (CT) enterography and magnetic resonance (MR) enterography are the methods of choice for evaluating and monitoring this entity, assessing the appearance of intestinal wall, mucosa, extra-intestinal manifestations, and associated complications. The preferred imaging methods must be selected according to the clinical conditions of the patient