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The thermodynamic characteristics, antioxidant potential, and photoprotective benefits of full-spectrum cannabidiol (FS-CBD) against UVB-induced cellular death were examined in this study. In silico analysis of CBD showed antioxidant capacity via proton donation and UV absorption at 209.09, 254.73, and 276.95 nm, according to the HAT and SPLET methodologies. FS-CBD protected against UVB-induced bacterial death for 30 min. FS-CBD protected against UVB-induced cell death by 42% (1.5 µg/mL) and 35% (3.5 µg/mL) in an in vitro keratinocyte cell model. An in vivo acute irradiated CD-1et/et mouse model (UVB-irradiated for 5 min) presented very low photoprotection when FS-CBD was applied cutaneously, as determined by histological analyses. In vivo skin samples showed that FS-CBD regulated inflammatory responses by inhibiting the inflammatory markers TGF-ß1 and NLRP3. The docking analysis showed that the CBD molecule had a high affinity for TGF-ß1 and NLRP3, indicating that protection against inflammation might be mediated by blocking these proinflammatory molecules. This result was corroborated by the docking interactions between CBD and TGF-ß1 and NLRP3, which resulted in a high affinity and inhibition of both proteins The present work suggested a FS-CBD moderate photoprotective agent against UVB light-induced skin damage and that this effect is partially mediated by its anti-inflammatory activity.
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The clinical course of COVID-19 may show severe presentation, potentially involving dynamic cytokine storms and T cell lymphopenia, which are leading causes of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma exchange therapy (PLEX) effectively removes pro-inflammatory factors, modulating and restoring innate and adaptive immune responses. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of PLEX on the survival of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and the effect on the cytokine release syndrome. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm syndrome were selected to receive 2 sessions of PLEX or standard therapy. Primary outcome was all-cause 60-days mortality; secondary outcome was requirement of mechanical ventilation, SOFA, NEWs-2 scores modification, reduction of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and hospitalization time. Twenty patients received PLEX were compared against 40 patients receiving standard therapy. PLEX reduced 60-days mortality (50% vs 20%; OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.071-0.880; p = 0.029), and this effect was independent from demographic variables and drug therapies used. PLEX significantly decreased SOFA, NEWs-2, pro-inflammatory mediators and increased lymphocyte count, accompanied with a trend to reduce affected lung volume, without effect on SatO2/FiO2 indicator or mechanical ventilation requirement. PLEX therapy provided significant benefits of pro-inflammatory clearance and reduction of 60-days mortality in selected patients with COVID-19, without significant adverse events.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/terapia , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Troca Plasmática , Respiração Artificial , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Metazoan parasite communities can experience temporal structural changes related to seasonal and/or local variations in several biotic and abiotic environmental factors. However, few studies have addressed this issue in tropical regions, where changes in water temperature are less extreme than in temperate regions, so the factors or processes that can generate variations in these parasite communities are as yet unclear. We quantified and analysed the parasite communities of 421 Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922) collected from Acapulco Bay in Guerrero, Mexico, over a four-year period (August 2018 to April 2021), to identify any interannual variation due to local biotic and abiotic factors influenced by natural oceanographic phenomena, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation, or La Niña. Twenty-five metazoan parasite taxa were recovered and identified: seven Digenea species; two Monogenea; one Cestoda; one Acanthocephala; four Nematoda; and ten of Crustacea (seven Copepoda and three Isopoda). The digeneans and copepods were the best represented parasite groups. The parasite communities were characterized by a high numerical dominance of helminth larvae. Species richness at the component community level (13 to 19 species) was similar to reported richness in other Lutjanus spp. The parasite communities of L. peru had a high variability in species composition, but low aggregate variability (e.g. species diversity), suggesting that structure of these communities may be quite stable over time. A clear interannual variation pattern was not observed, suggesting that parasite species of this host may respond differently to variations in environmental factors. Interannual variations were possibly caused by a combination of biotic (i.e. host feeding behaviour and body size) and local abiotic factors (influenced by climatic anomalies) which generated notable changes in the infection levels of several component species.
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Copépodes , Doenças dos Peixes , Parasitos , Perciformes , Trematódeos , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Peixes , Perciformes/parasitologia , PeruRESUMO
Introducción: Los linfagiomas quísticos son malformaciones de los conductos linfáticos los cuales forman cavidades con líquido linfático. Objetivos: Determinar las características clínicas, evolución y complicaciones de los pacientes operados de malformaciones linfáticas localizados en la región de la cabeza y el cuello. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Metodología: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados con resultado de patología compatible con malformaciones linfáticas, en el periodo desde enero 2008 hasta enero del 2017. Resultados: Se encontraron 254 casos que requirieron cirugía, con una media de edad de 1 año y promedio de 2.9 años. La región cervical tuvo la mayor presentación (77.6%) especificamente en la localización supra e infrahioidea unilateral (30.3%). La aparición de tumoración fue el signo más frecuente (98.8%). Se encontraron 5.9% de recidivas para el tratamiento quirúrgico y 8.2% de casos con paresia o parálisis del nervio submandibular como secuelas. 10 casos requirieron traqueostomía y tres pacientes fallecieron por complicaciones posteriores a la cirugía. Conclusiones: El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado para los linfangiomas quísticos, minimizando la morbilidad en el paciente y evitando las recidivas futuras.
Introduction: Cystic lymphomas are malformations of the lymphatic ducts, which form cavities with lymphatic fluid. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics, evolution and prognosis of patients undergoing surgery due to lymphatic malformations located in the head and neck. Design: Case series Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent a lymphatic malformation resection at The Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, who had a pathological analysis compatible with lymphatic malformations, during the period from January 2008 to January 2017. Results: We found 254 cases that required surgery, with a median age of 1 year and an average of 2.9 years. The cervical region had the highest presentation (77.6%) specifically in the unilateral supra and infrahyoid location (30.3%). The appearance of a tumor was the most frequent sign (98.8%). 5.9% of recurrences were found for surgical treatment and 8.2% of cases with paresis or paralysis of the submandibular nerve as sequelae. 10 cases required tracheostomy and 3 patients died due to complications after surgery. Conclusions: Surgical treatment is indicated for cystic lymphangiomas. It minimizes morbidity and prevents recurrences.
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Humanos , Linfangioma Cístico , Cirurgia Geral , Neoplasias de Cabeça e PescoçoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Haematoxylum brasiletto is a tree that grows in Central America, commonly known as "Palo de Brasil," which is used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer and gastric ulcers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to isolate the compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity of H. brasiletto. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanol extract of H. brasiletto was performed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation assay to measure the antiproliferative activity on six human cancer cell lines (A549, LS180, HeLa, SiHa, MDA-MB-231, and NCI-H1299) and one human noncancer cell line (ARPE-19). The ethanol extract was partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate. The active dichloromethane fraction was fractioned by silica-column chromatography, and active subfractions were separated using preparative-thin layer chromatography. The chemical structure of an isolated compound was elucidated with different chemical and spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: The flavonoid brazilin (1) was isolated from the heartwood of H. brasiletto. The measurement of antiproliferative activity showed that brazilin can inhibit the growth of SiHa, MDA-MB-231, A549, and NCI-H1299 cell lines by 50% at doses of 44.3, 48.7, 45.4, and 48.7 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the flavonoid showed a high antiproliferative activity on LS 180 and HeLa with IC50 values of 62.2 and 71.9 µM, respectively. Brazilin also exhibited a high antiproliferative activity on the human noncancer cell line ARPE-19 with an IC50 value of 37.9 µM. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilin: (6aS, 11bR)-7,11b-Dihidro-6H-indeno[2,1-c] cromeno-3,6a, 9,10-tetrol was isolated; this compound demonstrated antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. This work demonstrated that brazilin, a flavonoid isolated and characterized of H. brasiletto, has antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. SUMMARY: The flavonoid brazilin was isolated from the heartwood of H. brasilettoBrazilin is able to inhibit the growth of SiHa, MDA-MB-231, A549 and NCI- H1299 cancerous cell linesBrazilin exhibited a moderate antiproliferative activity on the human non-cancer cell line ARPE-19Brazilin demonstrated to have antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines and could be a potential source of anticancer agents. Abbreviations used: MTT: [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium]; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; TLC: Thin layer chromatography.
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The possible protective effect of Piper aduncum capsule on DMBA (dimethylbenz[α]anthracene)-induced breast cancer in rats was assessed by monitoring the tumor and lung metastases incidence and recording hematological and biochemical parameters and frequency of micronuclei. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced in 36 female Holtzman rats by providing a single subcutaneous injection of DMBA. Oral administration of P. aduncum capsule lowered adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastases incidence. Pulmonary metastasis was significantly lowered (P < 0.05). Hematological indicators showed that the triglyceride level was significantly lowered (P < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Also, P. aduncum capsule significantly lowered the C reactive protein (CRP) level (P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of DMBA-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (P < 0.01). Considering the antitumorigenic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of P. aduncum capsule, we conclude that it has a protective effect on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats.
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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three digital X-ray systems [one flat-panel (DR) and two computed radiography (CR)] for chest radiography in terms of the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) delivered to a polymethyl methacrylate phantom of 20 cm (equivalent to an adult patient) and image quality through of numerical evaluations using a test object (TO). The tube charge applied was ranged from 0.6 to 32 mAs, to a fixed tension of 125 kVp. The DR system presented the highest mean values of ESAK (615.9 µGy) along with the highest signal-to-noise ratio values, whereas CR systems showed a better high-contrast spatial resolution. Differences were statistically significant in both cases regarding the tube charge used. Thus, this parameter should be mainly considered to optimise the radiological protection through exposure settings selected. This survey represents the first effort to achieve optimisation in digital radiology for Chile.
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Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/instrumentação , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Radiografia Torácica/instrumentação , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Adulto , Chile , Sistemas Computacionais , Humanos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Polimetil Metacrilato , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Razão Sinal-Ruído , Software , Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Escherichia coli is recognized as an etiological bacteria associated with chorioamnionitis and the preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes. This pathological condition induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and degradative metalloproteinases, which are considered biological markers secreted in an acute stage of infection. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are an important component of the innate immunity response and are found in different pathological conditions. They have not been previously measured in human fetal membranes in response to infectious conditions. We hypothesized that the choriodecidual tissue and amniotic epithelium secreted temporal and differential Hsp-60, Hsp-70, and interleukin (IL)-1ß mediated by E. coli infection. METHODS: Fetal membranes were mounted in a two-compartment culture system and infected with two passes of live E. coli at different doses (10², 104, 105, and 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) and intervals of incubation (3, 6, and 24 h). The culture medium was collected, and Hsp-60, Hsp-70, and IL-1ß were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: After 3 and 6 h of infection, E. coli induced an increase in Hsp-70 secretion in the choriodecidual tissue. However, after 24 h of incubation, Hsp-70 was downregulated and we observed an increase in IL-1ß secretion. By contrast, E. coli induced a lower Hsp-60 secretion in the amnion compared to Hsp-70. DISCUSSION: Human fetal membranes responded actively to E. coli infection, with an increase in Hsp-70 during the first hours of infection. After 24 h, there was an increase in the liberation of IL-1ß.
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Escherichia coli/imunologia , Membranas Extraembrionárias/metabolismo , Membranas Extraembrionárias/microbiologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP110/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Âmnio/imunologia , Âmnio/metabolismo , Âmnio/microbiologia , Chaperonina 60/metabolismo , Corioamnionite/imunologia , Corioamnionite/metabolismo , Corioamnionite/microbiologia , Córion/imunologia , Córion/metabolismo , Córion/microbiologia , Decídua/imunologia , Decídua/metabolismo , Decídua/microbiologia , Regulação para Baixo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Membranas Extraembrionárias/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Cinética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Gravidez , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
AIMS: Cloning, expression and characterization of a new cold-adapted protease with potential biotechnological application, isolated from Antarctic bacteria. METHOD AND RESULTS: A subtilisin-like gene was isolated from several Antarctic bacterial genus using CODPEHOP-designed primers and a genome walking method. This gene encodes a precursor protein, which undergoes an autocatalytic cleavage resulting in a 34.6 kDa active cold-adapted protease with a maximum activity at 25-35°C and optimum pH of 8.0-9.0. It showed a higher catalytic efficiency at lower temperatures compared to its mesophilic counterpart. Heat-induced inactivation resulted in a very low melting point. Local packing analysis using the homology model indicated Ala284 as an important cold-adaptation determinant, which was corroborated by the site-directed mutagenesis. CONCLUSIONS: A new thermolabile subtilisin-like protease has been successfully cloned and analysed, and an important hot spot in the evolution of the cold adaptation and substrate specificity of this enzyme was identified and tested. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work reports a new cold-adapted protease with a vast representation amongst Antarctic genus, suggesting therefore its evolutionary success in this cold environment. Likewise, important sites for genetic potentiation have been identified, which are extrapolated to other enzymes of the same kind.