RESUMO
La presencia de tejido tiroideo ectópico en la base de la lengua es muy infrecuente, y la mayoría de los pacientes tienen hipotiroidismo. La indicación de tratamiento depende de la presencia o no de síntomas; la cirugía es la primera elección. Diversas técnicas quirúrgicas han sido descriptas, pero para nosotros el abordaje transoral con endoscopios constituye la mejor opción, por la buena exposición y la mínima morbilidad que produce. Se describe el caso clínico de una mujer que consultó por odinofagia, con diagnóstico de tiroides lingual y que fue tratada con éxito mediante un abordaje transoral con asistencia de endoscopios. (AU)
The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue is very rare, and most patients have hypothyroidism. The indication of treatment depends on the presence or not of symptoms, surgery being the first choice. Various surgical techniques have been described, being for us the transoral approach with endoscopes the best option, due to the good exposure, and minimum morbidity that it produces. The clinical case of a woman who consulted for odynophagia, with a diagnosis of lingual thyroid and who was successfully treated by a transoral approach with endoscopic assistance is described. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Neoplasias da Língua/cirurgia , Tireoide Lingual/cirurgia , Sinais e Sintomas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/classificação , Tiroxina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Língua/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/diagnóstico por imagem , Enalapril/uso terapêutico , Faringite , Tireoide Lingual/fisiopatologia , Tireoide Lingual/terapia , Tireoide Lingual/epidemiologia , Tireoide Lingual/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispneia , Endoscopia/métodos , Hemorragia , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotireoidismo/complicaçõesRESUMO
Mexico has one of the highest diversities of barrel cacti species worldwide; however, all are threatened and require conservation policies. Information on their reproductive biology is crucial, but few studies are available. Ferocactus recurvus subsp. recurvus is a barrel cactus endemic to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley. Our research aimed to characterise its floral and pollination biology. We hypothesised bee pollination, as suggested by its floral morphology and behaviour, and self-incompatibility, like most barrel cacti studied. Three study sites were selected in the semiarid Zapotitlán Valley, Mexico. We examined 190 flowers from 180 plants to determine: morphometry and behaviour of flowers, flower visitors and probable pollinators, and breeding system. Flowers showed diurnal anthesis, lasting 2-5 days, the stigma being receptive on day 2 or 3 after the start of anthesis. Flowers produced scarce/no nectar and main visitors were bees (Apidae), followed by flies (Muscidae), ants (Formicidae), thrips (Thripidae) and hummingbirds (Throchilidae); however, only native bees and occasionally wasps contacted the stigma and anthers. Pollination experiments revealed that this species is self-incompatible and xenogamous. In natural conditions, fruit set was 60% and cross-pollination fruit set was 100%. Percentage seed germination resulting from cross-pollination was higher than in the control treatment. Our results provide ecological information for conservation programmes to ensure a high probability of breeding and seed production in natural populations of F. recurvus.
Assuntos
Cactaceae/fisiologia , Polinização/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Animais , Formigas/fisiologia , Abelhas/fisiologia , Aves/fisiologia , Flores/fisiologia , México , Néctar de Plantas/fisiologia , Pólen/fisiologiaRESUMO
Anastepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly that is able to develop in a wide range of hosts. Understanding the limits of this pest's host range could provide valuable information for pest management and plant breeding for pest resistance. Previous studies have shown that guavas (Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) L.), are not attacked under natural conditions by A. ludens. To understand this phenomenon, guavas were exposed to natural infestation by A. ludens and to other fruit fly species that infest guavas in nature (Anastrepha striata Schiner, Anastepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastepha obliqua (Macquart)). Once the susceptible phenological stage of guavas was determined, fruit infestation levels were compared between A. ludens and A. striata. Choice and non-choice tests were performed under field-cage conditions. Under field conditions, guavas were susceptible to A. striata and A. fraterculus attack all the way from when fruit was undeveloped to when fruit began to ripen. No infestation by A. ludens was recorded under natural conditions. Similar results were obtained when forced exposures were performed, indicating that unripe guavas were preferred by A. striata over ripe fruit, and that infestation rates were higher at early fruit maturity stages. Under forced oviposition conditions, A. ludens larvae were unable to develop in unripe guavas but did so in fully ripe fruit. However, A. ludens fitness parameters were dramatically affected, exhibiting reduced survival and reduced pupal weight compared to conspecifics that developed in a natural host, grapefruit. We confirm that P. guajava should not be treated as a natural host of this pestiferous species, and suggest that both behavioral aspects and the fact that larvae are unable to adequately develop in this fruit, indeed represent clear limits to A. ludens's broad host range.
Assuntos
Tephritidae/fisiologia , Animais , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Comportamento de Retorno ao Território Vital , Comportamento de Busca por Hospedeiro , Larva/fisiologia , Oviposição , Psidium/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The recessive X-linked disorder hemophilia A (HA) is rarely expressed in female carriers, most of whom express about half of normal factor VIII activity ( FVIII: C). OBJECTIVE: To propose an integrative assessment model for the binary role of the phase between the mutated F8 and the active X-chromosome (Xa) in FVIII: C in HA carriers. METHODS: We studied 67 females at risk of severe HA, comprising five symptomatic females ( FVIII: C < 1.5 IU dL(-1) ) and 14 controls. A correlation study between FVIII: C (observed vs. expected) and X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns (XIPs; androgen receptor gene [AR] system) in blood leukocyte DNA was performed in carriers, by comparison of a model correlating FVIII: C and XIP with arbitrary models devoid of biological significance, and with FVIII: C levels in non-carriers (mean model) as a proxy from background data dispersion not influenced by XIP. RESULTS: We provide proof-of-concept example from a family presenting with extremely skewed XIPs in which the severe HA phenotype appeared in a heterozygous carrier of a crossover between AR and F8 loci that phased the mutated F8 with the maternally inherited Xa. Furthermore, four cases of severe HA affected women who had a combination of a heterozygous F8 mutation and extremely skewed XIPs in leukocytes or oral mucosa are presented. Correlation analyses between FVIII: C levels and XIPs in carriers (n = 38) but not in non-carriers (n = 20) showed highly significant differences between the proposed correlation model and models without biological significance. The data support a binary influence of XCI, either increasing or decreasing the FVIII: C, subject to the underlying phase set between the F8 mutation and XCI. CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence suggests that the phase between XCI and mutated F8 acts as a molecular switch conditioning FVIII: C levels and HA expression in carriers.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos X , Fator VIII/genética , Hemofilia A/genética , Mutação , Inativação do Cromossomo X , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fator VIII/análise , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Hemofilia A/sangue , Hemofilia A/diagnóstico , Hereditariedade , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The synthetic peptide GK-1, derived from Taenia crassiceps, enhances the protection induced by human influenza vaccine in both young and aged mice. Herein, the adjuvant properties of GK-1 fused to the pVIII protein of a heat-inactivated phagemid vector (FGK1) when co-administered with the influenza vaccine were assessed, to evaluate its feasibility as a low-cost adjuvant. In mice, FGK1 significantly increased the expected IgG and IgA anti-influenza antibody levels both in sera and in bronchoalveolar fluids when intranasally or subcutaneously co-administered with influenza vaccine. Single-dose pig co-immunization with FGK1 and influenza vaccine induced serum levels of IgG anti-influenza antibodies similar to those elicited by a two-dose immunization with the influenza vaccine alone. Preclinical evaluation of FGK1 with the influenza vaccine is currently in progress, in order to recommend its use for veterinary purposes.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/genética , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bacteriófago M13/genética , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Feminino , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Vacinas contra Influenza/farmacologia , Infusões Parenterais , Injeções Subcutâneas , Idade Materna , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Peptídeos/imunologia , Polissorbatos/administração & dosagem , Polissorbatos/farmacologia , Esqualeno/administração & dosagem , Esqualeno/farmacologia , Suínos , Taenia , Vacinação/métodosAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perfil de Saúde , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/reabilitação , Dor/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Blefaroplastia/reabilitação , Edema/prevenção & controle , Abdominoplastia/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergies have been described as protective factors against the development of childhood acute leukaemia (AL). Our objective was to investigate the associations between allergy history and the development of AL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A case-control study was performed in Mexico City. The cases (n=97) were diagnosed at nine public hospitals, and the controls (n=222) were recruited at institutions for children with DS. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated. RESULTS: Asthma was positively associated with AL development (OR=4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-11.87), whereas skin allergies were negatively associated (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that allergies and AL in children with DS share biological and immune mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting associations between allergies and AL in children with DS.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Retained low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by arterial glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are more susceptible to reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation, contributing to oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Recently, we reported the properties of the chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody chP3R99-LALA to bind sulfated GAG, to inhibit LDL-chondroitin sulfate binding, and to avoid LDL oxidation in vitro. Here, we hypothesized that chP3R99-LALA treatment might reduce aortic oxidative stress in a therapeutic setting. Redox biomarkers and serum lipids were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Subcutaneous administration of five doses (100 µg) of chP3R99-LALA, after Lipofundin administration (2 mL/kg/day, i.v.) during 8 days, reduced atherosclerotic lesion development, which was not associated with a serum lipid modulation. In contrast, the treatment with chP3R99-LALA reduced (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde and protein oxidation, induced a restoration of reduced glutathione level, of the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and of endothelial nitric oxide level. Thus, the antiatherogenic effect of chP3R99-LALA treatment seems to be associated with a reduction of aortic oxidative stress. These results contribute in understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with chP3R99-LALA atheroprotection and support the use of anti-GAG antibody-based immunotherapy as a potential tool to treat the atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/administração & dosagem , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Aterosclerose/imunologia , Glicosaminoglicanos/imunologia , Animais , Aorta/imunologia , Aorta/patologia , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/imunologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
The weight of 6- and 7-d-old chicken embryos and their chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), vascular density, protein immunoexpression, and mRNA of hypoxia inducible factor 2 (HIF-2α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and its type receptor 2 (FLK-1) in the CAM were compared in subjects incubated at 2 different altitudes: 355 and 1,378 m above sea level (masl) in Colombia. A difference was not found when comparing the weight of CAM and embryos incubated at 355 masl with those incubated at 1,378 masl on d 6 and 7 of incubation (P > 0.05). Higher vascular density in CAM (P < 0.05), percentage of cells immunoexpressing HIF-2α and FLK-1 in the CAM (P < 0.05), and relative expression of HIF-2α and FLK-1 mRNA in the CAM (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) were encountered in embryos incubated at 1,378 masl compared with those incubated at 355 masl, but only on d 6. Percentages of cells immunoexpressing VEGF-A and relative expression of VEGF-A mRNA in the CAM values were not different when considering altitude and age (P > 0.05). Relative hypoxia (1,378 masl) appears to affect HIF-2α and FLK-1 expression in CAM of 6-d-old chicken embryos, and this change in expression results in increased vascular development in CAM on this day. At hatching, chickens between treatments differed in their BW (P < 0.0001). The lack of differences in findings on d 7 could be due to morphological, physiological, and molecular events occurring at this time.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/metabolismo , Embrião de Galinha/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/genética , Membrana Corioalantoide/irrigação sanguínea , Oxigênio/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangyoma is a benign lesion, extremely rare in adults. In most cases is asymptomatic. The objective of this report is to present the case of an 82 year old woman who presented abdominal pain, food intolerance and a palpable abdominal mass located toward the upper right quadrant. The abdominal CT scan showed a cystic lesion below the liver which extended to the retroperitoneum. The patient underwent laparotomy achieving complete resection of the lesion and she was discharged soon after. After six months of follow up, she has not presented recurrence. The presentation of this lesion is very rare, generally as a consequence of congenital malformations of the lymphatic vessels. These lesions must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of the cystic type tumors. The ultrasound and abdominal CT scan are useful for diagnosis. Surgical resection is the only therapeutic option.