RESUMO
The amino acids synthesized by the intestinal microbiota have been correlated with metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance; both are high incidence conditions in Mexico. However, the knowledge of the relationship of fecal amino acids with the development of both diseases in the Mexican population is scarce. The clinical study was descriptive; the study was carried out in the Antiguo Civil Hospital of Guadalajara. Samples were taken from a total of 48 participants with insulin resistance, diabetes, and a control group (n = 16 each). Anthropometric and biochemical measures were evaluated. HPLC carried out the quantification of fecal amino acids. A strong correlation between alanine and HOMA-IR (r = 0.5416) was found and between phenylalanine and HOMA-IR (r = 0.4258). Other interesting correlations were between alanine and glucose (r = 0.5854) and isoleucine and glucose (r = 0.5008). The diabetic group and the insulin-resistant group had increased fecal values of valine and isoleucine (branched-chain amino acids), which were positively correlated with the progression of both conditions. Likewise, alanine and phenylalanine can help predict the development of the disease in the Mexican population. Registry number: 037/19.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistência à Insulina , Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada , Glicemia , Humanos , Insulina , MéxicoRESUMO
Introducción: El método de estudio de caso por vía virtual es una herramienta didáctica de gran valor en el proceso pedagógico del posgrado. Este método, promueve el aprendizaje activo de los residentes, y posee inestimable valor como instrumento del posgrado que se imparte, su ejecución favorece el perfeccionamiento del programa de formación académica de la especialidad. Objetivo: Valorar la satisfacción de los residentes y profesores de la especialidad de Periodoncia con el método de estudio de caso virtual como herramienta didáctica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollada de enero a abril del 2020, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara y en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de las FAR. La población estuvo compuesta por 6 profesores y 7 residentes de la especialidad de Periodoncia y 3 profesores de otras especialidades estomatológicas. Satisfacción con la utilización del caso clínico, residentes y profesores, constituyeron variables del estudio. Resultados: Los casos clínicos preparados por cada profesor, incluían dificultades que no tenían una única solución, para favorecer la comprensión de problemas divergentes y la adopción de soluciones mediante la reflexión. En el análisis de la satisfacción, la mayoría de las respuestas seleccionadas por los residentes y profesores fue siempre. Conclusiones: La satisfacción de residentes y profesores con el uso del estudio de caso virtual fue alta(AU)
Introduction: The virtual case study method is a valuable teaching tool in the postgraduate pedagogical process that can be used for the development of meaningful and autonomous learning. The case study by virtual means, promotes the active learning of the residents, and has invaluable value as an instrument of the postgraduate course that is taught, its execution favors the improvement of the academic training program of the specialty. Objective: To assess the satisfaction of residents and teachers of the periodontics specialty with the virtual case study method as a teaching tool. Method: A descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, was carried out from January to April 2020, at the Faculty of Stomatology of Villa Clara and at the University of Medical Sciences of the FAR. The population was made up of 6 professors and 7 residents of the periodontology specialty and 3 professors from other dental specialties. Satisfaction with the use of the clinical case, residents and teachers, were study variables. Results: The clinical cases prepared by each teacher included difficulties that did not have a single solution, to favor the understanding of divergent problems and the adoption of solutions through reflection. In the analysis of satisfaction; Most of the responses selected by residents and teachers were always. Conclusions: The satisfaction of residents and teachers of the Periodontics specialty with the use of the virtual case study method was high(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Periodontia/educação , Educação a Distância/métodos , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia , Educação de Pós-Graduação , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: diseñar materiales educativos que transmitan mensajes claros y adecuados constituye uno de los objetivos de la promoción de salud bucal en Cuba. Objetivo: valorar los plegables educativos dirigidos a la promoción de la salud bucal diseñados por estudiantes en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara durante el mes de febrero de 2020. La investigación resultó de la participación de los estudiantes en el concurso en saludo al Día Mundial de la Salud Bucodental. Se seleccionaron 16 plegables intencionalmente, los cuales fueron valorados según el instrumento de pautas específicas desarrollado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: escala valorativa; y matemáticos estadísticos. Resultados: los puntajes obtenidos indicaron que se deben usar como están diseñados el 37,5 % de los plegables; en el resto los evaluadores indicaron realizar reformas necesarias. Se exponen recomendaciones sobre la redacción de plegables en salud bucodental en cuatro áreas: tema, contenido, legibilidad lingüística del texto y legibilidad tipográfica, según la bibliografía revisada. Conclusiones: los plegables educativos elaborados por los estudiantes en su mayoría necesitan reformas para ser utilizados; no obstante, constituyen herramientas útiles en las que la creatividad y el respeto a su metodología de diseño emergen como fortalezas en la preparación de materiales que tengan como finalidad la promoción de la salud bucodental.
ABSTRACT Background: designing educational materials that convey clear and appropriate messages constitutes one of the objectives of the promotion of oral health in Cuba. Objective: to assess the educational folders aimed at promoting oral health designed by students at the Dentistry Faculty Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences during the month of February 2020. The research was the result of the participation of the students in the contest in greeting to World Day of Oral Health. 16 foldable items were intentionally selected, which were evaluated according to the specific guidelines instrument developed by the Pan American Health Organization. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive; empirical ones: rating scale; and statistical mathematics. Results: the scores indicated that 37.5% of the folding should be used as designed; in the rest, the evaluators indicated necessary reforms. Recommendations on the folding drafting in oral health are presented in four areas: subject, content, linguistic readability of the text and typographic readability, according to the reviewed bibliography. Conclusions: the educational folders developed by the students mostly need reforms to be used; however, they constitute useful tools in which creativity and respect for their methodology design emerge as strengths in the preparation of materials that are intended to promote oral health.
Assuntos
Estudantes de Odontologia , Materiais de Ensino , Serviços de Saúde Bucal , Educação Médica , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
Efficient RNA isolation is a prerequisite for gene expression studies and it has an increasingly important role in the study of plant-fungal pathogen interactions. However, RNA isolation is difficult in filamentous fungi. These organisms are notorious for their rigid cell walls and the presence of high levels of carbohydrates, excreted from the fungal cells during submerged growth, which interferes with the extraction procedures. Although many commercial kits are already available for RNA isolation, they do not provide, in most cases, enough amount of pure RNA to be used in upstream applications. In the present work, we propose an easy and efficient protocol for isolating total RNA from the filamentous fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the most important foliar pathogen of Musa spp. varieties worldwide. In addition, we applied the proposed protocol to the isolation of total RNA from banana leaves infected with the pathogen. Our methodology was developed based on the SDS method with modifications including a carbohydrate precipitation step. The protocol resulted in high-quality total RNA, from fungal mycelium grown in PDB medium and infected banana leaves, suitable for further molecular studies. The proposed methodology is also applicable to the ascomycete fungus Passalora fulva (syn. Cladosporum fulvum).
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Musa/microbiologia , RNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , RNA Fúngico/normas , Micélio , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologiaRESUMO
Se describen los objetivos, metodología y resultados de una investigación sobre el hábito de fumar en adolescentes, realizada mediante una encuesta en estudiantes de dos escuelas preuniversitarias de La Habana. Se cuantifican la prevalencia total del hábito de fumar por sexo y edad, la duración e intensidad del hábito, las asociaciones del hábito con algunas características de los núcleos familiares de los estudiantes, y las relaciones del hábito con el rendimiento y el ausentismo escolar, práctica de deportes y síntomas respiratorios (AU)