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Resumen. Desaparición Forzada, una realidad más frecuente en nuestra sociedad: las cifras refieren 91,500 personas desaparecidas para septiembre de 2021, en México. Los mecanismos que son necesarios para la atención de aquellos familiares que buscan a su ser querido, deberán ser una prioridad para las disciplinas de la salud mental, ya que se ven afectadas física y psicológicamente. El objetivo del estudio fue: realizar un análisis del impacto psicosocial a partir de las emociones, pensamientos, afrontamiento y apoyo social en las madres de desaparecidos y su contribución en el proceso de búsqueda. Participaron diez madres de desaparecidos de Coahuila, México. La metodología fue cualitativa, y como técnica de recolección de datos: una entrevista semiestructurada; los datos resultantes se sometieron a un análisis del discurso. Resultados: las emociones de las participantes al inicio del proceso de búsqueda son muy específicas, luego se diversifican y se multiplican, se vuelven más intensas y afectan directamente dicho proceso. Los pensamientos, se centran principalmente en evasivas y negación ante los hechos de desaparición; el afrontamiento afecta directamente su vida cotidiana, sus hábitos y costumbres. El apoyo social se enfoca en sus familias y en asociaciones que los asisten para llevar a cabo la búsqueda.
Abstract. Forced Disappearance is a more frequent reality in our society: the figures indicate that in Mexico there are 91,500 missing persons as of September 2021. Considering the mechanisms that are necessary for the care of those family members who are looking for their loved one should be a priority for the disciplines of mental health, as they are affected physically and psychologically. The objective of the study was: to carry out an analysis of the psychosocial impact based on the emotions, thoughts, coping and social support in the mothers of the disappeared and their contribution in the search process. Ten mothers of the disappeared from Coahuila, Mexico participated. The methodology was qualitative, the data collection technique was a semi-structured interview, and the resulting data were subjected to a discourse analysis. Results: the emotions of the participants at the beginning of the search process are very specific, then they diversify and multiply, become more intense and directly affect said process. The thoughts are mainly focused on evasions and denial in the face of the disappearance events; coping directly affects your daily life, your habits and customs. Social support focuses on their families and associations that assist them to carry out the search.
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Introducción: la hipertensión pulmonar asociada a cardiopatías congénitas del adulto implica un amplio espectro de situaciones clínicas complejas de difícil manejo para el cardiólogo clínico. Revisión: se repasarán los principales aspectos fisiopatológicos relacionados con el desarrollo de hipertensión pulmonar en los diferentes grupos de cardiopatías congénitas, así como los criterios para establecer el diagnóstico. Se discutirá el tratamiento guiado por perfil de riesgo y los grupos farmacológicos disponibles en nuestro medio. Por último, se discutirán grupos especiales, como el síndrome de Eisenmenger y la embarazada con cardiopatía e hipertensión pulmonar. Conclusión: es importante tener presente de todas formas que la hipertensión pulmonar en este escenario puede tener un mal pronóstico (como en el síndrome de Eisenmenger), por lo cual se deben realizar los mayores esfuerzos para hacer un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno de estos pacientes.
Introduction: pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease in adults involves a wide spectrum of complex clinical situations that are difficult to manage for the clinical cardiologist. Review: the main pathophysiological aspects related to the development of pulmonary hypertension in the different groups of congenital heart disease will be reviewed, as well as the criteria to establish the diagnosis. Treatment guided by risk profile and the pharmacological groups available in our setting will be discussed. Finally, special groups such as Eisenmenger syndrome and pregnant women with heart disease and pulmonary hypertension will be discussed. Conclusion: it is important to keep in mind, however, that pulmonary hypertension in this scenario could have a poor prognosis (for example in Eisenmenger syndrome), which is why every effort should be made to make an early diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
Introdução: a hipertensão pulmonar associada à cardiopatia congênita em adultos envolve um amplo espectro de situações clínicas complexas e de difícil manejo para o cardiologista clínico. Revisão: serão revistos os principais aspectos fisiopatológicos relacionados ao desenvolvimento da hipertensão pulmonar nos diferentes grupos de cardiopatias congênitas, bem como os critérios para estabelecer o diagnóstico. Serão discutidos o tratamento guiado pelo perfil de risco e os grupos farmacológicos disponíveis em nosso meio. Por fim, serão discutidos grupos especiais como síndrome de Eisenmenger e gestantes com cardiopatia e hipertensão pulmonar. Conclusão: de qualquer forma, é importante ter em mente que a hipertensão pulmonar nesse cenário pode ter um prognóstico ruim (como na síndrome de Eisenmenger), razão pela qual todo esforço deve ser feito para o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno desses pacientes.
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Humanos , Adulto , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapiaRESUMO
Resumen El propósito de esta investigación fue comparar el efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico entre series sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en la ejecución de un ejercicio de contrarresistencia. Participaron un total de 30 sujetos masculinos físicamente activos y aparentemente sanos con experiencia mínima de cuatro meses en el entrenamiento contrarresistencia, con un promedio de edad: 23.4 ± 3.2 años, un peso: 71.7 ± 6.0 kg, talla: 172 ± 6.1cm, porcentaje de grasa: 16.3 ± 5.3 % y masa magra: 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Díez sujetos en cada grupo fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a las condiciones experimentales grupo control (sin estiramiento entre series), grupo con estiramiento estático entre series (EE) y grupo con estiramiento dinámico entre series (ED) al ser los grupos homogéneos en nivel de fuerza en el 1RM (F (2,29) = 0.77, p = .47), los sujetos fueron sometidos a un estímulo de 4 series al fallo con el 80 % del 1RM . Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA de una vía. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el comportamiento de las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento: (F (2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp 2 = .02), en el índice de fatiga, (F (2,29) = 2.25, p = .12, ωp 2 = .07) en el número total de repeticiones, tampoco se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en cuanto a la percepción de esfuerzo (F (2,29) = 0.46, p = .63, ωp 2 = -.03). Se concluye que el rendimiento expresado en el índice de fatiga y el número total de repeticiones, así como la percepción de esfuerzo, no se ven afectados de manera aguda por el uso de estiramiento entre series, sea de tipo estático o dinámico.
Abstract The main objective of this study was to compare the acute effect of static and dynamic inter-set stretching on performance during resistance training. Thirty physically active and apparently healthy male subjects took part in the study with a minimum experience of four months in resistance training. The mean of age was 23.4 ± 3.2 years; the body mass was 71.7 ± 6.0 kg; the height was 172 ± 6.1cm; the body fat percentage represented 16. 3 ± 5.3%; and the lean mass was 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Then, subjects were randomly distributed in groups: control group (without stretching inter series), group with static inter series stretching (SS), and group with dynamic inter series stretching (DS). The groups were homogeneous in the 1RM (F (2.29) = 0.77, p = .47). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the behavior of the variables related to performance: (F (2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp 2 = .02) in the fatigue index, (F (2,29) = 2.25, p =.12, ωp 2 = .07) in the total number of repetitions. Neither significant differences were observed in the perceived exertion (F (2,29) = 0.46, p =.63, ωp 2 = -.03). It is concluded that the performance expressed in the fatigue index and total number of repetitions, as well as the perceived exertion, is not acutely affected by the use of inter-series static or dynamic stretching.
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático e dinâmico entre series sobre o desempenho e o esforço percebido na execução de um exercício de contra-resistência. Um total de 30 indivíduos do sexo masculino fisicamente ativos e aparentemente saudáveis, com pelo menos quatro meses de experiência em treinamento de contra-resistência, com idade média: 23,4 ± 3,2 anos, peso: 71,7 ± 6,0 kg, altura: 172 ± 6,1cm, percentual de gordura: 16,3 ± 5,3 % e massa magra: 34,5 ± 3,2 kg. Dez sujeitos em cada grupo foram designados aleatoriamente para o grupo de controle de condições experimentais (sem alongamento entre séries), grupo de alongamento estático entre séries (EE) e grupo de alongamento dinâmico entre séries (ED), pois os grupos foram homogêneos no nível de força a 1RM (F(2,29) = 0,77, p = .47), os sujeitos foram submetidos a um estímulo de 4 séries em caso de falha com 80% de 1RM . Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de uma ANOVA de uma via. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no comportamento das variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho: (F(2,29) = 1,37, p = .27, ωp2 = .02), no índice de fadiga, (F(2,29) = 2,25, p = .12, ωp2 = .07) no número total de repetições, nem houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na percepção do esforço (F(2,29) = 0,46, p = .63, ωp2 = -.03). Conclui-se que o desempenho expresso no índice de fadiga e o número total de repetições, bem como a percepção de esforço, não são agudamente afetados pelo uso de alongamento entre conjuntos, seja estático ou dinâmico.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Exercícios de Alongamento MuscularRESUMO
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vocal function exercises (VFEs) on the physiologic range of the operatic voice. The primary outcome measure was total voice range profile (VRP) area. Method Forty graduate-level opera majors were randomly assigned to experimental (training with VFE + vocal hygiene) and control (vocal hygiene only) groups. All participants underwent an acoustic voice assessment (modified VRP) pre and post 10 weeks of the assigned intervention. VRP total area was calculated and compared between and within the two groups. The total VRP area was subsequently divided into three area thirds (low, medium, and high). Results A significant improvement (increase) was observed in the VFE group for the primary outcome measure of VRP area when pre- and postvoice conditions were compared for total area, upper third, and middle third. No significant improvement was found in the vocal hygiene-only group. Conclusion Vocal training with VFEs over a 10-week period demonstrated positive effects on physiologic voice range as evidenced by an increase in the total VRP area and therefore may enhance the potential of those who already have professional voice training.
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Canto , Treinamento da Voz , Terapia por Exercício , Humanos , Estudantes , Qualidade da VozRESUMO
RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un marco teórico que emergió en las últimas décadas en el ámbito de la Ciencia de la Información: el paradigma de Análisis de Dominio (AD), también denominada Teórica Analítica de Dominio, que constituye uno de los sustentos epistémicos adoptados para el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación realizado en el Departamento de Bibliotecología de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Empleando como metodología la revisión teórica, se abordarán los fundamentos que originaron dicha propuesta, así como los antecedentes latentes y emergentes en indagaciones y trabajos previos a la formulación de su principal exponente, Birger Hjørland. Además, se analizará el alcance semántico de la expresión, las posibilidades teóricas que el análisis de dominio posee para el desarrollo y el afianzamiento de la investigación bibliotecológica, así como las aproximaciones metodológicas e implicaciones prácticas que su creador enuncia. Se concluye que el análisis de dominio permite reconocer los conceptos relevantes de un dominio dentro de la Ciencia de la Información, sus relaciones jerárquicas y vinculaciones semánticas con otros campos, al tiempo que permite el desarrollo de nuevas líneas investigativas y profundizar diversos aspectos teóricos de la Bibliotecología y la Ciencia de la Información.
ABSTRACT This article aims to present a theoretical framework that emerged in the last decades on the Information Science sphere: Domain-analysis --also referred as Domain-analytic theory--, which comprises one of the epistemic basis implemented as part of the development of a research project conceived on the Department of Library Science of the Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Using theoretical review as methodology, the foundations that originated the proposal will be addressed, as well as the latent and emerging antecedents in inquiries and work prior to the formulation of its main exponent, Birger Hjørland. On the other hand, the semantic scope of the expression will be analyzed, in addition to the theoretical possibilities that Domain-analysis has towards the expansion and strengthening of metatheory in library science research, as well as the methodological approaches and practical matters, both issues described by its creator. It is concluded that Domain-analysis allows recognizing relevant concepts of a domain within Information Science, its hierarchical relationships and semantic links with other fields, while allowing the development of new research lines and deepen various theoretical aspects of Library and Information Science.
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Pesquisa/instrumentação , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Análise de Dados , Faculdades de Biblioteconomia , Biblioteconomia , ArgentinaRESUMO
Resumen La Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa de etiología desconocida, corresponde a la segunda causa de demencia a partir de la sexta década de vida; su diagnóstico es un reto, debido a que ciertos de los signos y síntomas que presenta son típicos de la Enfermedad de Parkinson y la Enfermedad de Alzheimer. El siguiente reporte de caso es de los primeros en documentar un paciente con Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy en el Ecuador. Se expone un caso con Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy con el fin de plasmar la dificultad diagnóstica que genera esta patología y describir las características principales que la diferencian de otros síndromes demenciales, destacadas en los criterios recientemente actualizados por el Consorcio de Demencia por Cuerpos de Lewy. Un meticuloso examen neurológico y valoración neuropsicológica fueron ejes en el estudio y pronóstico del paciente que presentamos. La Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy requiere un diagnóstico minucioso, debido al desafío que origina su reconocimiento precoz; los criterios descritos aceleraron su reconocimiento gracias a la actualización de las recomendaciones sobre el diagnóstico clínico de Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy.
Abstract Dementia with Lewy bodies is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology, it is the second cause of dementia of the sixth decade of life; Its diagnosis is a challenge, because certain signs and symptoms that it presents are typical of Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. The following case report is one of the few documented patients with Dementia with Lewy bodies in Ecuador. We report this in order to state the diagnostic difficulty that this pathology generates and describe the main characteristics that differentiate it from other dementia syndromes, highlighted in the recently updated criteria by the Consortium of Dementia with Lewy bodies. A meticulous neurological examination and neuropsychological assessment were essential in the study and prognosis of the patient. Dementia with Lewy bodies requires a thorough diagnosis, due to the challenge that originates its early recognition; the criteria described accelerated their recognition due the update of the recommendations on the clinical diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy bodies.
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PURPOSE: The present study reports the effects of double source of vibration semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTEs) on subjective and objective variables in subjects with voice complaints. METHODS: Eighty-four participants with voice complaints were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) water resistance therapy, (2) tongue trills, (3) lip trills, and (4) raspberry (tongue and lip trills at the same time). Before and after voice therapy, participants underwent aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic assessments. Measures for the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS), self-assessment of resonant voice quality, and sensation of muscle relaxation were also obtained. Three assessment sessions were conducted: (1) before the therapy session (Pre), (2) immediately after the voice therapy session (Post 1), and (3) 1 week after home practice (Post 2). RESULTS: Significant differences between baseline (Pre) and both post measures were found for the perception of muscle relaxation and resonant voice quality. No significant differences between Post 1 and Post 2 for any exercises were observed. This indicates that all voice exercises improved subjective self-perceived voice quality immediately after exercises and that improvement remained stable after 1 week of practice. Water resistance therapy and raspberry attained the highest effect. A significant decrease for all exercises was also observed for VTDS values after 1 week of practice. Although some significant changes were observed in objective variables, no clear patterns could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: SOVTEs with secondary source of vibration may reduce vocal symptoms related to physical discomfort in subjects with voice complaints. Objective variables apparently do not fully reflect subjective positive outcomes, or they are not sensitive enough to capture changes. No significant differences between four observed SOVTEs were observed.
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Glote/fisiopatologia , Fonação , Acústica da Fala , Distúrbios da Voz/terapia , Qualidade da Voz , Treinamento da Voz , Adulto , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Lábio , Masculino , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Autoimagem , Percepção da Fala , Fatores de Tempo , Língua , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibração , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Voz/fisiopatologia , Distúrbios da Voz/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: Ya que la erupción dental es el resultado de una serie de eventos fisiológicos, es importante conocer con precisión la edad promedio de exfoliación y erupción de cada órgano dentario, lo que resulta de utilidad para establecer criterios de diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los métodos de estudio transversal y longitudinal en la estimación de la edad media de la erupción dental. Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de 524 individuos (273 niñas y 251 niños) de 5-9 años de edad en el Estado de México. Se observaron los dientes permanentes presentes: primer molar superior, incisivos central y lateral, y primer molar inferior. Para el método longitudinal, se realizó el seguimiento de los niños durante 3 años, hasta registrar el brote dental. Para el método transversal, se registró la observación de los dientes presentes durante el segundo año de seguimiento. Se utilizó abatelenguas, espejo dental y luz natural. Resultados: En ambos métodos, la erupción dental se presentó primero en el sexo femenino. La edad media de erupción dental entre los dos métodos no mostró diferencia estadística en el 88% de los dientes. Conclusiones: La medición de la edad de erupción dental a través del método transversal proporciona datos confiables con relación al método longitudinal.
Background: Because dental eruption is the result of a series of physiological events, it is important to acknowledge precisely the mean age of exfoliation and eruption of each dental organ. This is useful to establish diagnostic, preventive and treatment criteria. The aim of this study was to compare the cross-sectional and cohort methods toward estimating the average age of dental eruption. Methods: The study sample was comprised of 524 school-age children from the State of Mexico (273 females and 251 males). Only permanent teeth were surveyed: the first upper molar and central and lateral incisors and the first lower molar. The cohort was observed during a 3-year period until the tooth budded. Dental mirror, tongue depressor and day light were used. Cross-sectional method consisted of permanent teeth observed after the first year. Results: In both methods, teeth budded first in females. The average ages of dental eruption according to both methods did not show statistical difference in 88% of the teeth. Conclusions: Measurement of the age of dental eruption through cross-sectional method provides reliable data in relation to the cohort method.
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BACKGROUND: Because dental eruption is the result of a series of physiological events, it is important to acknowledge precisely the mean age of exfoliation and eruption of each dental organ. This is useful to establish diagnostic, preventive and treatment criteria. The aim of this study was to compare the cross-sectional and cohort methods toward estimating the average age of dental eruption. METHODS: The study sample was comprised of 524 school-age children from the State of Mexico (273 females and 251 males). Only permanent teeth were surveyed: the first upper molar and central and lateral incisors and the first lower molar. The cohort was observed during a 3-year period until the tooth budded. Dental mirror, tongue depressor and day light were used. Cross-sectional method consisted of permanent teeth observed after the first year. RESULTS: In both methods, teeth budded first in females. The average ages of dental eruption according to both methods did not show statistical difference in 88% of the teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the age of dental eruption through cross-sectional method provides reliable data in relation to the cohort method.
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La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) es una complicación frecuente de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y en particular de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). En la mayoría de los casos la misma es de grado leve a moderada, de lenta progresión y se asocia a enfermedades concomitantes que deben de ser diagnosticadas y tratadas. Su aparición y progresión determina un fuerte impacto en la capacidad funcional y en la supervivencia de estos pacientes. Si bien su desarrollo está asociado con la severidad de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo,no siempre es así y se puede observar en estadios más tempranos de la misma. Una pequeña proporción de pacientes se presenta con una HP severa asociada a obstrucción bronquial leve a moderada, hipoxemia severa, hipocapnia y una capacidad de difusión pulmonar almonóxido de carbonomuy baja. Se le ha denominado HP desproporcionada, la cual presenta alta mortalidad y un rápido deterioro funcional similar a la hipertensión arterial pulmonar idiopática. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante un cateterismo cardiaco derecho, el cual se reserva para casos seleccionados. El manejo de la HP en la EPOC consiste en descartar comorbilidades, optimizar el tratamiento de la EPOC y la oxigenoterapia continua domiciliaria. No existe evidencia en la actualidad de que la HP asociada a EPOC se beneficie de algún tratamiento vasodilatador específico.