RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between climate (including altitude, temperature, humidity and annual range of temperature) and experience of hot flushes and night sweats amongst Spanish-speaking mid-aged women living in five urban centers. METHODS: A total of 896 peri- and postmenopausal women from centers in Chile (Santiago de Chile), Ecuador (Guayaquil and Quito), Panama (Panama City) and Spain (Madrid) completed questionnaires eliciting information about sociodemographics, hot flushes (prevalence, frequency and problem-rating), health and lifestyle (body mass index, diet, exercise, alcohol use) and mood (Women's Health Questionnaire). RESULTS: There was a wide range of altitude and temperature in the participating centers. Of the sample, 58.5% (524/896) were currently experiencing vasomotor symptoms. Prevalence was associated with higher temperatures, while hot flushes were more frequent and problematic for women living in higher temperature and lower altitudes. Hot flush variables were not associated with seasonal variation in temperature. When health and lifestyle variables were included as covariates in regression analyses, prevalence was best predicted by age (younger), poor general health, more depressed mood and anxiety; hot flush frequency by anxiety, temperature, life satisfaction (lower), age (higher), regular strenuous exercise (more strenuous exercise more frequent), and a diet including regular hot spicy food intake. Hot flush problem-rating was best predicted by anxiety, life satisfaction, altitude (lower more problematic), any regular exercise (more exercise less problematic), and depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of Spanish-speaking women, those living in countries with higher temperatures and lower altitudes reported more frequent and problematic hot flushes.
Assuntos
Altitude , Clima , Fogachos/epidemiologia , Hiperidrose/epidemiologia , Perimenopausa/fisiologia , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Temperatura , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile , Intervalos de Confiança , Equador , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Alimentos , Humanos , Idioma , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Panamá , Perimenopausa/psicologia , Pós-Menopausa/psicologia , Prevalência , Espanha , População Urbana , Sistema Vasomotor/fisiologiaRESUMO
Submerged cultures of Brucella abortus strain 19 were studied in shaking flasks. The influence of the sterilization methods and the medium composition on the bacterial yield and cellular dissociation were studied. The selected medium was as follows (amounts in g/l): casein pancreatic hydrolizated 30; yeast extract 10; glucose, 30; sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 3,3; sodium monobasic monohydrate 9. Cell concentration of 8 . 10(10) viable cell/ml was obtained after 48 hours when the medium components were separated and sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 min in autoclave.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Brucelose/normas , Brucella abortus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Brucella abortus/isolamento & purificação , Fracionamento Celular , Meios de Cultura , Glucose , Glicerol , Nitrogênio , Peptonas , Esterilização/métodosRESUMO
Submerged cultures of Brucella abortus strain 19 were studied in shaking flasks. The influence of the sterilization methods and the medium composition on the bacterial yield and cellular dissociation were studied. The selected medium was as follows (amounts in g/l): casein pancreatic hydrolizated 30; yeast extract 10; glucose, 30; sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 3,3; sodium monobasic monohydrate 9. Cell concentration of 8 . 10(10) viable cell/ml was obtained after 48 hours when the medium components were separated and sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 min in autoclave.
RESUMO
Submerged cultures of Brucella abortus strain 19 were studied in shaking flasks. The influence of the sterilization methods and the medium composition on the bacterial yield and cellular dissociation were studied. The selected medium was as follows (amounts in g/l): casein pancreatic hydrolizated 30; yeast extract 10; glucose, 30; sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 3,3; sodium monobasic monohydrate 9. Cell concentration of 8 . 10(10) viable cell/ml was obtained after 48 hours when the medium components were separated and sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 min in autoclave.