RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória de protocolos com e sem o opioide metadona em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral submetidos à descompressão cirúrgica. Dezesseis cães paraplégicos com presença de nocicepção foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia/fenestração de disco e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I (G1), o protocolo analgésico consistiu em metadona, meloxicam e dipirona e, no Grupo II (G2), por meloxicam e dipirona. Os pacientes foram avaliados de maneira cega por dois avaliadores, com base na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala simplificada composta de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF). As avaliações ocorreram a cada 2 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório e, por mais 24 horas, a cada 4 horas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados em relação à escores de dor e nem a necessidade de resgate analgésico. Ambos os protocolos promoveram analgesia nas 48 horas iniciais de pós-operatório, demonstrando não haver a necessidade do uso de opioide em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia e fenestração de disco.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória de protocolos com e sem o opioide metadona em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral submetidos à descompressão cirúrgica. Dezesseis cães paraplégicos com presença de nocicepção foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia/fenestração de disco e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I (G1), o protocolo analgésico consistiu em metadona, meloxicam e dipirona e, no Grupo II (G2), por meloxicam e dipirona. Os pacientes foram avaliados de maneira cega por dois avaliadores, com base na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala simplificada composta de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF). As avaliações ocorreram a cada 2 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório e, por mais 24 horas, a cada 4 horas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados em relação à escores de dor e nem a necessidade de resgate analgésico. Ambos os protocolos promoveram analgesia nas 48 horas iniciais de pós-operatório, demonstrando não haver a necessidade do uso de opioide em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia e fenestração de disco.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of protocols with and without the opioid methadone in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion undergoing decompressive surgery. Sixteen paraplegic dogs with preserved nociception underwent hemilaminectomy/disc fenestration and were randomly assigned to two groups. The analgesic protocol consisted of methadone, meloxicam and dipyrone in Group I (G1), and meloxicam and dipyrone in Group II (G2). The animals were blindly assessed by two observers, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Assessments occurred every 2 hours during first 24 hours post-surgery, and every 4 hours afterwards. There was no statistical difference among groups regarding pain scores or analgesic rescues. Both analgesic protocols provided analgesia in the initial 48 hours postoperatively, demonstrating that opioids are not necessary in the postoperative period of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a analgesia pós-operatória de protocolos com e sem o opioide metadona em cães com extrusão de disco intervertebral submetidos à descompressão cirúrgica. Dezesseis cães paraplégicos com presença de nocicepção foram submetidos à hemilaminectomia/fenestração de disco e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I (G1), o protocolo analgésico consistiu em metadona, meloxicam e dipirona e, no Grupo II (G2), por meloxicam e dipirona. Os pacientes foram avaliados de maneira cega por dois avaliadores, com base na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala simplificada composta de dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF). As avaliações ocorreram a cada 2 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório e, por mais 24 horas, a cada 4 horas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos avaliados em relação à escores de dor e nem a necessidade de resgate analgésico. Ambos os protocolos promoveram analgesia nas 48 horas iniciais de pós-operatório, demonstrando não haver a necessidade do uso de opioide em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia e fenestração de disco.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to verify the clinical recovery of dogs that underwent ventral slot surgical decompression with lateralized compressions of the cervical spinal cord caused by intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Twenty patients were selected in different degrees of neurological dysfunction with definitive diagnosis of lateralized compression by cervical IVDD. Postoperative clinical recovery was assessed in patients who had undergone at least two months of the surgical procedure. There was a satisfactory recovery in 19 dogs (95%) and unsatisfactory recovery in another (5%), showing a significant clinical improvement (p 0.05) in the use of this technique in lateralized compression cases. The ventral slot promotes satisfactory clinical recovery of dogs with lateralized compression of the spinal cord caused by cervical IVDD and may be indicated as a surgical alternative.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a recuperação clínica de cães submetidos a descompressão cirúrgica por fenda ventral em compressões lateralizadas da medula espinhal cervical ocasionada pela doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV). Foram selecionados 20 pacientes em diferentes graus de disfunção neurológica com diagnóstico definitivo de compressões lateralizadas por DDIV cervical. A recuperação clínica pós-operatória foi avaliada nos pacientes decorridos, no mínimo, dois meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Houve recuperação satisfatória em 19 cães (95%) e um insatisfatório (5%), demonstrando melhora clínica significativa (p 0,05) no emprego desta técnica em casos de compressões lateralizadas. A fenda ventral promove recuperação clínica satisfatória de cães com compressões lateralizadas da medula espinhal, ocasionadas pela DDIV cervical, e pode ser indicada como alternativa cirúrgica.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Intervertebral disc extrusion is an important cause of spinal cord dysfunction in dogs. Intradural localizationof the extruded disc material is rare, and is generally associated with a traumatic event or with recurrence of disc extrusionat a previously affected site. We report the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of a dog with intraduralintervertebral disc extrusion not preceded by a traumatic event.Case: A 6-year-old male Dachshund was referred for neurological evaluation due to acute onset of hind-end paralysispreceded by claudication of the left hindlimb. The patient had been receiving conservative treatment to no effect. Neurological examination revealed asymmetric non-ambulatory paraparesis, absence of postural reactions and decreased muscletone in both hindlimbs, a bilaterally diminished patellar reflex, and a hindlimb withdrawal reflex which was normal onthe right and greatly diminished to absent on the left. The lower back was tender to epaxial palpation. Plain radiographsof the lumbar spine in the lateral projection showed calcified material within the spinal canal between the third and fourthlumbar vertebrae. Myelography was suggestively abnormal at the same level, with epidural leakage of contrast at L3-L4.Considering the clinical history, breed, age, neurological signs, and radiographic findings, intervertebral disc disease wassuspected despite the inconclusive myelography findings. A dorsolateral lumbar hemilaminectomy was performed. Intraoperatively, the diagnosis was confirmed by visualization of a discolored spinal cord and absence of extradural material.The intradural space was accessed via durotomy. A firm, straw-yellow material was seen compressing the spinal cord andremoved. Subsequent histopathological...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD; C1-C5 or C6-T2) submitted to clinical management and evaluate the outcome. This study also aimed to demonstrate the age, sex, and treatment response according to the neurological degree, and verify whether those factors could potentially influence the outcome. The data were obtained from patients with a neurological dysfunction, admitted at the Veterinary Hospital from January 2006 to March 2017. In addition to patient records, the tutors answered a questionnaire related to the success of therapy. A hundred and seventy-seven neurological records were evaluated, and 78 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. The most frequent breeds were Dachshunds, followed by mixed-breed dogs. Regarding the neurological dysfunction degree, 58.97% presented grade I (only neck pain), 25.64% were grade II (ambulatory tetraparesis), and 15.38% grade III (nonambulatory tetraparesis). Absolute and partial space rest were performed in 75.64% and 24.36% of the cases, respectively. The minimum rest time was one week and could come up to four weeks. Most dogs were small-sized (≤15kg). The recovery was satisfactory in 87.17% of dogs and unsatisfactory in 12.83%. Regarding recurrence, we observed that 10.3% of dogs presented satisfactory recovery. The clinical treatment for dogs with cervical IVDD can be indicated with adequate clinical response to dysfunction degrees ranging from I to III, either at rest or in restricted space and with a low rate of relapse.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar cães com diagnóstico presuntivo de doença do disco intervertebral cervical (DDIV; C1-C5 ou C6-T2) submetidos ao tratamento clínico e avaliar a resposta a terapia instituída e o índice de recidiva. Esse estudo também visou demonstrar a idade, o gênero e a resposta ao tratamento de acordo com o grau neurológico, a fim de verificar se esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como fatores prognósticos para a evolução clínica desses pacientes. Foram revisados os registros neurológicos do Hospital Veterinário Universitário de janeiro de 2006 a março de 2017. Realizaram coleta de dados a partir dos registros e por meio de um questionário respondido pelos tutores. Avaliaram 177 fichas neurológicas de cães e obtidas informações para inclusão no estudo em 78 delas. As raças mais frequentes foram Dachshunds, seguido dos cães sem raça definida. Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica, 58,97% apresentavam grau I (somente dor), 25,64% estavam em grau II (tetraparesia ambulatória) e 15,38% em grau III (tetraparesia não ambulatória). O repouso absoluto e em espaço restrito foram realizados em 75,64% e 24,36% dos casos, respectivamente e com duração de no mínimo uma semana, podendo chegar a mais de quatro semanas. A maioria dos animais era de pequeno porte (≤15kg). A recuperação foi satisfatória em 87,17% dos cães e insatisfatória em 12,83%. Quanto à recidiva, esta foi observada em 10,3% dos pacientes com recuperação satisfatória. O tratamento clínico para cães com DDIV cervical pode ser indicado com adequada resposta clínica para graus de disfunção que variam de I a III, seja em repouso absoluto ou em espaço restrito e com baixo índice de recidiva.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD; C1-C5 or C6-T2) submitted to clinical management and evaluate the outcome. This study also aimed to demonstrate the age, sex, and treatment response according to the neurological degree, and verify whether those factors could potentially influence the outcome. The data were obtained from patients with a neurological dysfunction, admitted at the Veterinary Hospital from January 2006 to March 2017. In addition to patient records, the tutors answered a questionnaire related to the success of therapy. A hundred and seventy-seven neurological records were evaluated, and 78 were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. The most frequent breeds were Dachshunds, followed by mixed-breed dogs. Regarding the neurological dysfunction degree, 58.97% presented grade I (only neck pain), 25.64% were grade II (ambulatory tetraparesis), and 15.38% grade III (nonambulatory tetraparesis). Absolute and partial space rest were performed in 75.64% and 24.36% of the cases, respectively. The minimum rest time was one week and could come up to four weeks. Most dogs were small-sized (≤15kg). The recovery was satisfactory in 87.17% of dogs and unsatisfactory in 12.83%. Regarding recurrence, we observed that 10.3% of dogs presented satisfactory recovery. The clinical treatment for dogs with cervical IVDD can be indicated with adequate clinical response to dysfunction degrees ranging from I to III, either at rest or in restricted space and with a low rate of relapse.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar cães com diagnóstico presuntivo de doença do disco intervertebral cervical (DDIV; C1-C5 ou C6-T2) submetidos ao tratamento clínico e avaliar a resposta a terapia instituída e o índice de recidiva. Esse estudo também visou demonstrar a idade, o gênero e a resposta ao tratamento de acordo com o grau neurológico, a fim de verificar se esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como fatores prognósticos para a evolução clínica desses pacientes. Foram revisados os registros neurológicos do Hospital Veterinário Universitário de janeiro de 2006 a março de 2017. Realizaram coleta de dados a partir dos registros e por meio de um questionário respondido pelos tutores. Avaliaram 177 fichas neurológicas de cães e obtidas informações para inclusão no estudo em 78 delas. As raças mais frequentes foram Dachshunds, seguido dos cães sem raça definida. Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica, 58,97% apresentavam grau I (somente dor), 25,64% estavam em grau II (tetraparesia ambulatória) e 15,38% em grau III (tetraparesia não ambulatória). O repouso absoluto e em espaço restrito foram realizados em 75,64% e 24,36% dos casos, respectivamente e com duração de no mínimo uma semana, podendo chegar a mais de quatro semanas. A maioria dos animais era de pequeno porte (≤15kg). A recuperação foi satisfatória em 87,17% dos cães e insatisfatória em 12,83%. Quanto à recidiva, esta foi observada em 10,3% dos pacientes com recuperação satisfatória. O tratamento clínico para cães com DDIV cervical pode ser indicado com adequada resposta clínica para graus de disfunção que variam de I a III, seja em repouso absoluto ou em espaço restrito e com baixo índice de recidiva.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to clinical management and to evaluate the outcomes. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with neurological dysfunction assisted at a University Veterinary Hospital from 2006 to 2017. In addition to the patients' records, dog owners responded to a questionnaire on the success of therapy. Four hundred and thirteen neurological records were evaluated, and 164 met the inclusion criteria of the study. The most common breed was Dachshund, followed by mongrels. Classification of neurological dysfunction in the study sample was as follows: 15.9% with grade I, 25.6% with grade II, 26.8% with grade III, 8.5% with grade IV, and 23.2% with grade V. Outcome was satisfactory in 71.6% of the dogs and unsatisfactory in 28.4% of them. Recurrence was observed in 27.7% of those with satisfactory outcomes. The clinical treatment of dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD is satisfactory, particularly for animals with milder disease grades (I, II, and III). There is possibility of recurrence with conservative therapy and clinical signs may be more severe.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar cães com diagnóstico presuntivo de DDIV toracolombar submetidos ao tratamento clínico, a fim de avaliar a resposta à terapia instituída. Foram revisados os registros neurológicos de cães atendidos pelo Serviço de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia Veterinária no período de 2006 a 2017 de um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Foi realizada coleta de dados a partir dos registros e por meio de um questionário respondido pelos tutores. Foram avaliadas 413 fichas neurológicas de cães e obtidas informações para inclusão no estudo em 164 delas. As raças mais frequentes foram dachshunds, seguido de cães sem raça definida. Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foi definido como grau I para 15,9% dos cães, grau II para 25,6%, grau III para 26,8%, grau IV para 8,5% e grau V para 23,2%. A recuperação foi satisfatória em 71,6% dos cães e insatisfatória em 28,4%. Dos que se recuperaram satisfatoriamente, 27,7% tiveram recidivas. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o tratamento clínico em repouso absoluto e administração de anti-inflamatórios e analgésicos opióides para cães com DDIV toracolombar é efetivo, principalmente para cães em graus mais leves da doença (grau I, II e III). Há possibilidade de recidiva com esse tipo de terapia cujos sinais clínicos poderão ser mais graves.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Intervertebral disc extrusion is an important cause of spinal cord dysfunction in dogs. Intradural localizationof the extruded disc material is rare, and is generally associated with a traumatic event or with recurrence of disc extrusionat a previously affected site. We report the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of a dog with intraduralintervertebral disc extrusion not preceded by a traumatic event.Case: A 6-year-old male Dachshund was referred for neurological evaluation due to acute onset of hind-end paralysispreceded by claudication of the left hindlimb. The patient had been receiving conservative treatment to no effect. Neurological examination revealed asymmetric non-ambulatory paraparesis, absence of postural reactions and decreased muscletone in both hindlimbs, a bilaterally diminished patellar reflex, and a hindlimb withdrawal reflex which was normal onthe right and greatly diminished to absent on the left. The lower back was tender to epaxial palpation. Plain radiographsof the lumbar spine in the lateral projection showed calcified material within the spinal canal between the third and fourthlumbar vertebrae. Myelography was suggestively abnormal at the same level, with epidural leakage of contrast at L3-L4.Considering the clinical history, breed, age, neurological signs, and radiographic findings, intervertebral disc disease wassuspected despite the inconclusive myelography findings. A dorsolateral lumbar hemilaminectomy was performed. Intraoperatively, the diagnosis was confirmed by visualization of a discolored spinal cord and absence of extradural material.The intradural space was accessed via durotomy. A firm, straw-yellow material was seen compressing the spinal cord andremoved. Subsequent histopathological...

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) submitted to clinical management and to evaluate the outcomes. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with neurological dysfunction assisted at a University Veterinary Hospital from 2006 to 2017. In addition to the patients' records, dog owners responded to a questionnaire on the success of therapy. Four hundred and thirteen neurological records were evaluated, and 164 met the inclusion criteria of the study. The most common breed was Dachshund, followed by mongrels. Classification of neurological dysfunction in the study sample was as follows: 15.9% with grade I, 25.6% with grade II, 26.8% with grade III, 8.5% with grade IV, and 23.2% with grade V. Outcome was satisfactory in 71.6% of the dogs and unsatisfactory in 28.4% of them. Recurrence was observed in 27.7% of those with satisfactory outcomes. The clinical treatment of dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD is satisfactory, particularly for animals with milder disease grades (I, II, and III). There is possibility of recurrence with conservative therapy and clinical signs may be more severe.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar cães com diagnóstico presuntivo de DDIV toracolombar submetidos ao tratamento clínico, a fim de avaliar a resposta à terapia instituída. Foram revisados os registros neurológicos de cães atendidos pelo Serviço de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia Veterinária no período de 2006 a 2017 de um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Foi realizada coleta de dados a partir dos registros e por meio de um questionário respondido pelos tutores. Foram avaliadas 413 fichas neurológicas de cães e obtidas informações para inclusão no estudo em 164 delas. As raças mais frequentes foram dachshunds, seguido de cães sem raça definida. Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foi definido como grau I para 15,9% dos cães, grau II para 25,6%, grau III para 26,8%, grau IV para 8,5% e grau V para 23,2%. A recuperação foi satisfatória em 71,6% dos cães e insatisfatória em 28,4%. Dos que se recuperaram satisfatoriamente, 27,7% tiveram recidivas. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o tratamento clínico em repouso absoluto e administração de anti-inflamatórios e analgésicos opióides para cães com DDIV toracolombar é efetivo, principalmente para cães em graus mais leves da doença (grau I, II e III). Há possibilidade de recidiva com esse tipo de terapia cujos sinais clínicos poderão ser mais graves.(AU)

Assuntos