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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and bacterial translocation after the administration of 3-aminobenzamide and infliximab in the TNBS model of rat colitis. METHODS: The study group was divided into five categories as follows: group 1: (control), group 2: colitis+saline, group 3: colitis+3-aminobenzamide, group 4: colitis+infliximab, and group 5: colitis+3-aminobenzamide+infliximab. Intestinal mesenteric cultures were incubated on specific agar media plates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, bacterial translocation was evaluated and assessed as colony-forming units per gram of tissue. Colonic tissue samples were evaluated by Western blotting method to detect the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. RESULTS: The results obtained were as follows: group 1: normal gut flora; group 2: eight of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which six of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein; group 3: five of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; group 4: three of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; and group 5: only one sample had exact indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein. CONCLUSION: Altered expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase results in a lower bacterial translocation via infliximab compared with 3-aminobenzamide treatment. Combined treatments emphasized different approaches for the new molecules related to indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
Assuntos
Colite , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Benzamidas , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/metabolismo , Infliximab/farmacologia , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , RatosRESUMO
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and bacterial translocation after the administration of 3-aminobenzamide and infliximab in the TNBS model of rat colitis. METHODS: The study group was divided into five categories as follows: group 1: (control), group 2: colitis+saline, group 3: colitis+3-aminobenzamide, group 4: colitis+infliximab, and group 5: colitis+3-aminobenzamide+infliximab. Intestinal mesenteric cultures were incubated on specific agar media plates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, bacterial translocation was evaluated and assessed as colony-forming units per gram of tissue. Colonic tissue samples were evaluated by Western blotting method to detect the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. RESULTS: The results obtained were as follows: group 1: normal gut flora; group 2: eight of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which six of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein; group 3: five of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; group 4: three of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; and group 5: only one sample had exact indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein. CONCLUSION: Altered expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase results in a lower bacterial translocation via infliximab compared with 3-aminobenzamide treatment. Combined treatments emphasized different approaches for the new molecules related to indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Visfatin is an adipokine that plays an important role in immune functions as a growth factor, enzyme, and pro-inflammatory mediator. We aimed to determine the levels of visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in both obese/non-obese patients, with/without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP). METHODOLOGY: Patients were categorized as obese (O) (n=31) or non-obese (nO) (n=19). Groups were divided into four subgroups according to periodontal conditions: (1) periodontally healthy without obesity (nO-Ctrl); (2) GCP without obesity (nO-CP); (3) periodontally healthy with obesity (O-Ctrl); and (4) GCP with obesity (O-CP). Demographic variables, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded. Periodontal parameters were measured at baseline and 3rd months after either non-surgical periodontal treatment or calorie -restricted diet therapy. At the same time, GCF samples were taken from patients to analyze TNF-alpha, IL-6,and visfatin levels. RESULTS: Periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.001). The visfatin levels of the obese patients were reduceddecreased following the treatments (P<0.05). Cholesterol levels were higher in the O group than in the nO groups (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in O-CP and O-Ctrl groups than in the nO-Ctrl group (P<0.05). Compared to the other groups, visfatin levels were significantly higher in the O-CP group but decreased following treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that visfatin and IL-6 levels in GCF are associated with the pathogenesis of obesity and periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, we considered that there might be an association between the lipid profile and periodontitis on systemically healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Citocinas/análise , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/química , Interleucina-6/análise , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/análise , Obesidade/metabolismo , Periodontite/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citocinas/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/fisiologia , Índice Periodontal , Periodontite/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Objectives Visfatin is an adipokine that plays an important role in immune functions as a growth factor, enzyme, and pro-inflammatory mediator. We aimed to determine the levels of visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in both obese/non-obese patients, with/without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP). Methodology Patients were categorized as obese (O) (n=31) or non-obese (nO) (n=19). Groups were divided into four subgroups according to periodontal conditions: (1) periodontally healthy without obesity (nO-Ctrl); (2) GCP without obesity (nO-CP); (3) periodontally healthy with obesity (O-Ctrl); and (4) GCP with obesity (O-CP). Demographic variables, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded. Periodontal parameters were measured at baseline and 3rd months after either non-surgical periodontal treatment or calorie -restricted diet therapy. At the same time, GCF samples were taken from patients to analyze TNF-alpha, IL-6,and visfatin levels. Results Periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.001). The visfatin levels of the obese patients were reduceddecreased following the treatments (P<0.05). Cholesterol levels were higher in the O group than in the nO groups (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in O-CP and O-Ctrl groups than in the nO-Ctrl group (P<0.05). Compared to the other groups, visfatin levels were significantly higher in the O-CP group but decreased following treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that visfatin and IL-6 levels in GCF are associated with the pathogenesis of obesity and periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, we considered that there might be an association between the lipid profile and periodontitis on systemically healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Periodontite/metabolismo , Citocinas/análise , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/química , Interleucina-6/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/análise , Obesidade/metabolismo , Periodontite/diagnóstico por imagem , Valores de Referência , Radiografia Panorâmica , Biomarcadores/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Índice Periodontal , Citocinas/fisiologia , Interleucina-6/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
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Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Resinas Compostas/farmacologia , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efeitos dos fármacos , Treponema denticola/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Análise de Variância , DNA Bacteriano , Placa Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Retração Gengival/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Prevotella intermedia/genética , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Treponema denticola/genéticaRESUMO
Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efeitos dos fármacos , Resinas Compostas/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Treponema denticola/efeitos dos fármacos , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , DNA Bacteriano , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise de Variância , Resultado do Tratamento , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Prevotella intermedia/genética , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Treponema denticola/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/estatística & dados numéricos , Retração Gengival/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
UNLABELLED: An increasing body of evidence suggests that the use of probiotic bacteria is a promising intervention approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a polymicrobial etiology. P. gingivalis has been noted to have a different way of interacting with the innate immune response of the host compared to other pathogenic bacteria, which is a recognized feature that inhibits CXCL8 expression. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine if P. gingivalis infection modulates the inflammatory response of gingival stromal stem cells (G-MSSCs), including the release of CXCL8, and the expression of TLRs and if immunomodulatory L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 could prevent CXCL8 inhibition in experimental inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: G-MSSCs were pretreated with L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 and then stimulated with P. gingivalis ATCC33277. CXCL8 and IL-10 levels were investigated with ELISA and the TLR-4 and 2 were determined through flow cytometer analysis. RESULTS: CXCL8 was suppressed by P. gingivalis and L. rhamnosus ATCC9595, whereas incubation with both strains did not abolish CXCL8. L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 scaled down the expression of TLR4 and induced TLR2 expression when exposed to P. gingivalis stimulation (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 can modulate the inflammatory signals and could introduce P. gingivalis to immune systems by inducing CXCL8 secretion.
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Interleucina-8/análise , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/imunologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Aderência Bacteriana/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Interferon gama/análise , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/análise , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT An increasing body of evidence suggests that the use of probiotic bacteria is a promising intervention approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a polymicrobial etiology. P. gingivalis has been noted to have a different way of interacting with the innate immune response of the host compared to other pathogenic bacteria, which is a recognized feature that inhibits CXCL8 expression. Objective The aim of the study was to determine if P. gingivalis infection modulates the inflammatory response of gingival stromal stem cells (G-MSSCs), including the release of CXCL8, and the expression of TLRs and if immunomodulatory L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 could prevent CXCL8 inhibition in experimental inflammation. Material and Methods G-MSSCs were pretreated with L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 and then stimulated with P. gingivalis ATCC33277. CXCL8 and IL-10 levels were investigated with ELISA and the TLR-4 and 2 were determined through flow cytometer analysis. Results CXCL8 was suppressed by P. gingivalis and L. rhamnosus ATCC9595, whereas incubation with both strains did not abolish CXCL8. L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 scaled down the expression of TLR4 and induced TLR2 expression when exposed to P. gingivalis stimulation (p<0.01). Conclusions These findings provide evidence that L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 can modulate the inflammatory signals and could introduce P. gingivalis to immune systems by inducing CXCL8 secretion.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Interleucina-8/análise , Porphyromonas gingivalis/imunologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Aderência Bacteriana/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Células Cultivadas , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Interferon gama/análise , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10 , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/análise , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunidade InataRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using a dishwasher or different chemical agents, including 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, and 50% white vinegar, for toothbrush disinfection. Sixty volunteers were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 10). Participants brushed their teeth using toothbrushes with standard bristles, and they disinfected the toothbrushes according to instructed methods. Bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes was compared between the experimental groups and the control group. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan's multiple range tests, with 95% confidence intervals for multiple comparisons. Bacterial contamination of toothbrushes from individuals in the experimental groups differed from those in the control group (p < 0.05). The most effective method for elimination of all tested bacterial species was 50% white vinegar, followed in order by 2% NaOCl, mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, dishwasher use, and tap water (control). The results of this study show that the most effective method for disinfecting toothbrushes was submersion in 50% white vinegar, which is cost-effective, easy to access, and appropriate for household use.
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Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar/microbiologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Ácido Acético/química , Antibacterianos/química , Clorexidina/química , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Desinfetantes de Equipamento Odontológico/química , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imersão , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using a dishwasher or different chemical agents, including 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, and 50% white vinegar, for toothbrush disinfection. Sixty volunteers were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 10). Participants brushed their teeth using toothbrushes with standard bristles, and they disinfected the toothbrushes according to instructed methods. Bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes was compared between the experimental groups and the control group. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Duncan's multiple range tests, with 95% confidence intervals for multiple comparisons. Bacterial contamination of toothbrushes from individuals in the experimental groups differed from those in the control group (p < 0.05). The most effective method for elimination of all tested bacterial species was 50% white vinegar, followed in order by 2% NaOCl, mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, dishwasher use, and tap water (control). The results of this study show that the most effective method for disinfecting toothbrushes was submersion in 50% white vinegar, which is cost-effective, easy to access, and appropriate for household use.