RESUMO
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration was measured in the striatum and cortex after quinolinic acid intrastriatal lesion and transplantation of bone marrow cells (BMSC). The results showed a significant increase of the BDNF levels in the striatum and cortex of the lesioned animals and the ability of the transplanted cells to increase the levels of BDNF in both sites. This recovery of BDNF production and distribution might have beneficial effects and ameliorate the negative consequences of the striatal lesion, a mechanism of potential interest for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD).
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/métodos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/biossíntese , Ácido Quinolínico/toxicidade , Animais , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/cirurgia , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Corpo Estriado/cirurgia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Urinary infections constitute one of the main causes of intrahospitalary infections. At the Clinic for the attention of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients, we observed that these can be the causes of high incidence rates as a consequence of multiple risk factors associated with the neurogenic bladder as: vesical urethral reflux, vesicle lithiasis, diverticula and pseudodiverticula, urethral stenosis and permanent or intermittent catheterization. OBJECTIVES: To describe forms of presentation of urinary tract infections (UTI) in spinal cord lesioned patients with neurogenic bladder as well as their microbiological behavior. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a descriptive, retrospective-type study on 28 patients in order to schedule a neurorestorative treatment for the affectation of the SCI for six months. They all received clinical, imaging test and bacteriologic assessment, that is, urocultures, uretheral and vaginal exudates to determine risk factors, forms of presentation of the infection, as well as associated complications and microbiological behavior. RESULTS: The most frequent forms of presentation of infections are: recurrent symptomatic bacteriuria, asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacterial urethritis, bacterial vaginosis and acute pyelonephrites. Most acute germs are: E. coli (for a 60% of isolation), followed by P. mirabilis (14%), K pneumoniae (10%), Staphylococcus sp. (4%), and other enterobacteria. Sensitiveness to aminoglycosides was kept high, where we observed a growing resistance to sulphas (>70%) and fluoroquinolones (>45%) as well as the frequent circulation of multirresistant microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical peculiarities of urinary infections in the patient with neurogenic bladder, allow to perform more adequate strategies for treatment as to the clinical, microbiological and epidemiologic criteria.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Infecções Urinárias , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Transplant is one of the alternatives available for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at replacing the cells lost during the course of the disease. One promising source of cells for the development of transplants could be the mononucleate cells from bone marrow. AIMS. The purpose of this study was to study the capacity of bone marrow mononucleate cells to survive the transplant process, and to search for a method that enables tracking of these cells in vivo once they have been implanted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone marrow mononucleate cells were extracted from the femur of rats by means of a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The cells under study were modified genetically with an adenovirus that expresses the PFV or which are marked with Hoechst dye. The marked cells were implanted in the striatum of rats with lesions caused by quinolinic acid. RESULTS: The viability of the genetically modified cells was low, whereas that of the cells marked with Hoechst dye was above 90%. The implanted cells survived the transplant at least a month and dispersed away from the site of entry towards the corpus callosum and cortex. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that the use of Hoechst dye offers more advantages for tracking these cells in vivo. Mononucleate cells have a number of characteristics that allow them to be included as candidate sources of cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Sobrevivência Celular , Ácido Quinolínico/toxicidade , Córtex Visual , Animais , Benzimidazóis/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Movimento Celular , Corantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Masculino , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Córtex Visual/citologia , Córtex Visual/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Visual/patologiaRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study is to describe the capacity of bone marrow cells to limit or slow down the damage and chronic neuronal degeneration produced by degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as the potential capacity of the method to provide other substances or genetic material. DEVELOPMENT: The search for new sources of cells that maintain the ability to divide and distinguish themselves from different cellular phenotypes opens up huge new opportunities in the restorative therapy of these clinical entities. Bone marrow cells, and especially stromal stem cells, have been seen to conserve a high capacity to distinguish and originate different strains of characteristic brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and glial cells), and also the capacity to restore the population of stem cells when they are stimulated in a suitable fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Future experimental studies will be aimed at searching for new ways to enhance the composition, viability and differentiation of the cells to be implanted and will evaluate their effects on diseases of the CNS.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Humanos , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Células Estromais/citologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Taking into account the growing development and application of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy in neurodegenerative disorders we review this kind of therapy applications in Parkinson s disease. DEVELOPMENT: Gene therapy carried out to this illness includes the liberation of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes for dopamine synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase, AADC and GTP cyclohydrolase and neurotrophic factors like GDNF which promotes the survival and maintenance of dopamin rgic neurons. Ex vivo gene therapy allows the control of the gene transfer before implantation, however one of the fundamental problems of this procedure is given by the immunologic rejection, so the use of autologous sources is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo gene therapy is advantageous in relation to in vivo gene therapy because it allows the control of gene transfer before the implantation; looking for cellular sources of neural origin or pluripotent stem cells which can be differenciated toward a wanted cellular type in order to achieve the structural and functional integration of the cells implanted in the central nervous system are recommended; however it becomes necessary the development of vectors of new generation to avoid biosafety problems involved in the gene therapy.
Assuntos
Dopamina/biossíntese , Terapia Genética , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Descarboxilases de Aminoácido-L-Aromático/genética , Descarboxilases de Aminoácido-L-Aromático/metabolismo , GTP Cicloidrolase/genética , GTP Cicloidrolase/metabolismo , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial , Humanos , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/genética , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/enzimologia , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
An immunoenzymatic system on solid phase for the detection of IgG antibodies in serum from chronic Chagasic patients was standardized. A protease from Trypanosoma cruzi (GP57/51KDa) was used as an antigen. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the procedure were calculated taking into account the results obtained from conventional serology (CS), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and complement-mediated lysis test (CML) for the detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in serum. Except one, the positive samples obtained by those techniques were also positive by our method. These results show that GP 57/51 is useful in the serodiagnosis of Chagas disease.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Cisteína Endopeptidases , Glicoproteínas , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzimologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Cisteína Endopeptidases/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologiaRESUMO
A seroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii was carried out in four municipalities of Havana Province from October 1990 to April 1991 using a 10 microL ultra micro-ELISA. We tested 362 serum samples, from pregnant women, and 71% of toxoplasmic infection was found. Toxoplasmic infection was more frequent in women living in rural zones having domestic contacts with cats. The relationship of toxoplasmic infection and spontaneous abortion antecedent in this group was analyzed but no statistically significant differences were found.
Assuntos
Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Toxoplasmose/diagnósticoRESUMO
The multiple applications and advantages of the ultramicro analytical system in the serodiagnosis of different diseases produced by viruses, bacteria, and parasites are briefly reported. Also, perspectives in the use of this technology, not only for the diagnosis, but for the detection of microbial antigens are pointed out.