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Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are widely distributed in Northeast Brazil and often inhabit urban and peri-urban forest areas close to human settlements. Given its wide territorial distribution, its proximity to human populations, and its exposure to environmental degradations originating from urbanization, common marmosets have a high potential for environmental biomonitoring. The concentrations of iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr) were quantified in the liver, hair, and bone of 22 free-ranging common marmosets' bodies from nine cities from Pernambuco State, Brazil, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The liver showed the highest concentrations of Fe and Cr (3773.2 ± 3715.8 mg/kg and 19.4 ± 41.6 mg/kg, respectively); the lowest concentration of Fe was detected in the bone (111.6 ± 97.6 mg/kg) and of Cr in the hair (3.3 ± 1.5 mg/kg). There was a moderate positive correlation between Fe and Cr in the liver (r = 0.64) and a high negative correlation for Cr between bone and hair (r = -0.65). This study demonstrated the bioaccumulation of Fe and Cr in hair, liver, and bone in common marmosets. The highest average concentration of Fe and Cr occurred in animals from Recife, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, and Paulista, respectively, the 1st, the 2nd, and the 5th most populated cities in the state of Pernambuco. The presence of high concentrations of metals in animals from Recife and nearby cities can indicate alarming levels of environmental pollution in these locations.

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Background: Gastroesophageal intussusception is characterized by the invagination of the stomach into the esophagus,with or without the involvementof adjacent organs such as the spleen, pancreas, and omentum. In dogs, this condition hasno breed or sex predisposition. As it is an infrequent disease in routine veterinary medical practice, this study reports acase of gastroesophageal intussusception in a dog necropsied at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Universityof Pernambuco (HOVET - UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: The body of a 12-year-old black mixed breed male dog was sent to the Pathology Department (Necropsy Sectorof the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE) for a necropsy. The animal had a previous 4-year history ofrecurrent emesis and limb weakness, primarily in the anterior limbs, that worsened in the previous months and progressedto death. No previous treatments were reported by the owner. On external examination, the animal had a low body score(cachectic), forelimb joints with great flexibility, congested oral and ocular mucous membranes, enophthalmos, and increased volume in the perianal region. At the opening of the thoracic cavity, the final third of the esophagus was dilatedand gastroesophageal intussusception, edema, and pulmonary congestion were noted. In the abdominal cavity, there washepatic and renal congestion and large intestine and rectal ampoule dilation, with a large amount of solid and retainedfeces (fecaloma), perianal hernia, and testicular neoformation. These findings were consistent with those observed in deathcaused by cardiorespiratory failure secondary to gastroesophageal intussusception.Discussion: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal intussusception is still not elucidated and is probably multifactorial.This condition causes reverse gastric peristalsis associated with a sudden and sustained increase in abdominal...(AU)

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Background: Gastroesophageal intussusception is characterized by the invagination of the stomach into the esophagus,with or without the involvementof adjacent organs such as the spleen, pancreas, and omentum. In dogs, this condition hasno breed or sex predisposition. As it is an infrequent disease in routine veterinary medical practice, this study reports acase of gastroesophageal intussusception in a dog necropsied at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Universityof Pernambuco (HOVET - UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: The body of a 12-year-old black mixed breed male dog was sent to the Pathology Department (Necropsy Sectorof the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE) for a necropsy. The animal had a previous 4-year history ofrecurrent emesis and limb weakness, primarily in the anterior limbs, that worsened in the previous months and progressedto death. No previous treatments were reported by the owner. On external examination, the animal had a low body score(cachectic), forelimb joints with great flexibility, congested oral and ocular mucous membranes, enophthalmos, and increased volume in the perianal region. At the opening of the thoracic cavity, the final third of the esophagus was dilatedand gastroesophageal intussusception, edema, and pulmonary congestion were noted. In the abdominal cavity, there washepatic and renal congestion and large intestine and rectal ampoule dilation, with a large amount of solid and retainedfeces (fecaloma), perianal hernia, and testicular neoformation. These findings were consistent with those observed in deathcaused by cardiorespiratory failure secondary to gastroesophageal intussusception.Discussion: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal intussusception is still not elucidated and is probably multifactorial.This condition causes reverse gastric peristalsis associated with a sudden and sustained increase in abdominal...

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Lymphoma is a neoplasm of hematopoietic origin that affects canines. The proper establishment of prognosis and rapid institution of treatment are essential for a better quality of life, and immunophenotyping is one of the tools used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to perform a clonality test for immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR) technique in real-time from samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The 23 analyzed samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin canine lymphoma from the collection Laboratory of Histopathology of the Animal Pathology Area of the Departament of Veterinary Medicine - Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). Samples were processed, their DNA was extracted, quantified, diluted, and standardized at a concentration of 50 ng/µL. After extraction, all samples were subjected to conventional PCR for endogenous control (detection of the IgM target region), in which the extracted DNA was amplified in a final volume of 25 µL. The 128 bp amplified product was detected by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Of the 23 samples analyzed for the detection of the conserved region referring to the endogenous gene, 91.30% (21/23) amplified the conserved region Cµ by conventional PCR, and two samples 8.70% (2/23) were negative. Endogenous control positive samples were subjected to real-time PCR-PARR for detection of IgH Major and IgH Minor for B lymphocytes (LB), and TCRy for lymphocytes T (LT) target regions. All reactions were performed in duplicate to reduce the risk of false-positive or false-negative results due to technical errors. Samples previously confirmed by immunohistochemistry were used as positive controls for T cell and B cell lymphoma, and MilliQ water was used as a negative reaction control. After amplification, the melting curve gradually increased the temperature by 1o C/5 s to 95o C during continuous fluorescence monitoring. Of the 21 samples analyzed, 100.00% (21/21) demonstrated clonal amplification. Of these, 57.15% (12/21) were positive for phenotype B, and 42.85% (9/21) were positive for phenotype T. Due to the importance of researching and confirming samples from files fixed and embedded in paraffin samples in laboratories, PCR-PARR is a good tool for this purpose. In the present study, real-time PCR analysis demonstrated greater sensitivity in the characterization of the immunophenotype of lymphomas from old samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The temperature of melting curve analysis may vary depending on the amount of DNA and its quality. In the present study, it was found that the average melting temperature in the samples varied between ± 3o C when compared to that in the control sample for LB and LT, 83.5o C and 80o C, respectively: in the literature, there is a relative difference in this temperature, which may vary up to 4o C. Real-time PCR-PARR was satisfactory in the characterization of the immunophenotype of canine lymphomas from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples; therefore, its use is recommended for both retrospective studies. The use of PCR-PARR associated with histopathological and/or cytopathological examination in cases of canine lymphomas strongly helps pathologists, provide a safe establishment of the immunophenotype, minimize errors, and optimize the diagnosis, thus directly contributing to the establishment of the prognosis.(AU)

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Background: Dilatation of the cecum associated with intestinal torsion is a fermentative digestive disease that has a lowoccurrence in veterinary medicine, particularly in large animal practice. This condition is most prevalent in dairy cattle.The etiology of this digestive system disorder is related to changes in nutritional management. As it is an uncommoncondition that is frequently observed in the practice of veterinary medicine, the objective of this report was to describe acase of dilatation and torsion of the cecum associated with phytobezoar obstruction in a heifer that was examined at theVeterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HOVET-UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: A 55-day-old heifer, with a history of abdominal distension associated with difficulty feeding and neurological signsof hind limb paresis, intentional head tremors, and prostration, was examined at the HOVET-UFRPE large animal clinic.A clinical examination demonstrated the presence of enophthalmos, abdominal distension, pale coloration of the ocularmucous membranes, and a moderate level of dehydration (3%). The dehydration was treated through the administrationof 1.150 L of saline solution along with 6 mL of Bionew (Vetnil®), 15 mL of calcium solution, and 5 mL of 50% glucose.Subsequently, the animal underwent intestinal washing through the insertion of an oral probe, which resulted in the expulsion of putrid content. Afterward, the animals blood was collected and sent to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of theDepartment of Veterinary Medicine at HOVET-UFRPE for a complete blood count...(AU)

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Paratuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and incurable disease that affects ruminants, causing enteritis and chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis, characterized by malabsorption syndrome, its agent is the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize MAP in buffalo herds slaughtered in Baixada Maranhense region. Samples of intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocecal valves were collected from 115 buffaloes slaughtered at Baixada Maranhense slaughterhouses to perform the diagnosis by histopathological examination using staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Ziehl-Neelsen, bacterial isolation, and real-time PCR. In the histopathology by H&E staining, there was evidence suggestive of paratuberculosis in 30% (31/115) of the buffaloes. With Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were visualized in 27% (26/115) of the tissue samples analyzed. MAP was isolated in 4.3% (5/115) of the fecal samples subjected to bacterial culture. The samples inoculated in HEYM with mycobactin J produced colonies identified with MAP according to their own morphological characteristics such as round, white, smooth and slightly rough, alcohol-acid staining, and slow growth with 8 weeks of incubation and mycobactin dependence. The agent confirmation was performed in five bacterial isolates (4.3%) and 15 (13%) fragments of jejunum, ileum, and mesenteric lymph node by the IS900 real-time PCR technique. The results of the present study demonstrate the subclinical occurrence of paratuberculosis in flocks of buffalo slaughtered in slaughterhouses of Baixada Maranhense.

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Background: Bovine tuberculosis control programs are based on a standard diagnostic method, the intradermal test with purified protein derivatives, which is used to identify and eliminate diseased animals. Currently none of the tests available allow complete differentiation between infected and uninfected animals. The main limitations of the tests available are related to diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, which results in false positive reactions due to the existence of cross infections, and also false negative, inherent to the state of energy of some animals. The aim of this work was to study the intercurrence of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis reactive cattle by the comparative cervical test. Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred and thirty four cattle were evaluated using the comparative cervical test (CCT) and serology for tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (PTB) ELISA IDEXX®. All of the animals testing positive by CCT were euthanized and necropsied. Fragments of lymph node, lung and intestine were collected and analyzed using histopathological techniques, with staining by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Samples of lung and lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, submandibular, cervical and mediastinal) of the animals testing positive by CCT were evaluated using qPRC for M. bovis, and intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes using PCR for PTB. Of the 334 cattle evaluated using the comparative cervical test, 16 were considered positive. No lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in the macroscopic inspection of the carcasses. The most evident anatomical and pathological finding was a thickening of intestinal mucosa, found in 12 of the 16 cattle submitted to necropsy. No microscopic lesions suggestive of TB were identified nor was the presence of M. bovis detected by qPCR. The main histopathological findings were observed in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and identified as enteritis, lymphangitis...

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Background: Dilatation of the cecum associated with intestinal torsion is a fermentative digestive disease that has a lowoccurrence in veterinary medicine, particularly in large animal practice. This condition is most prevalent in dairy cattle.The etiology of this digestive system disorder is related to changes in nutritional management. As it is an uncommoncondition that is frequently observed in the practice of veterinary medicine, the objective of this report was to describe acase of dilatation and torsion of the cecum associated with phytobezoar obstruction in a heifer that was examined at theVeterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HOVET-UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: A 55-day-old heifer, with a history of abdominal distension associated with difficulty feeding and neurological signsof hind limb paresis, intentional head tremors, and prostration, was examined at the HOVET-UFRPE large animal clinic.A clinical examination demonstrated the presence of enophthalmos, abdominal distension, pale coloration of the ocularmucous membranes, and a moderate level of dehydration (3%). The dehydration was treated through the administrationof 1.150 L of saline solution along with 6 mL of Bionew (Vetnil®), 15 mL of calcium solution, and 5 mL of 50% glucose.Subsequently, the animal underwent intestinal washing through the insertion of an oral probe, which resulted in the expulsion of putrid content. Afterward, the animal’s blood was collected and sent to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of theDepartment of Veterinary Medicine at HOVET-UFRPE for a complete blood count...

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Background: Skin neoplasms in goats, albeit less frequent than in equines and cattle, are no less important, given thatthe presence of melanoma is worrisome due to its local and metastatic aggressiveness, which leads to death, especially innortheastern Brazil, where ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels are high, being an important factor the development of thisneoplasia, especially in light-skinned animals. This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects, beyond the attempted surgical treatment a case of Saanen goat melanoma raised in Feira Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 4-year-old pregnant Saanen goat was treated at the AGA/UFRPE. The animal presented blackened fetid masseslocated on the lower lip and ventral region of the jaw that had grown for two months. In addition to the tumor, a physicalexamination revealed altered submandibular and left prescapular lymph nodes. Local anesthesia and sedation were applied and both neoplasms were excised. The goat was then medicated with anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs anddischarged. However, 45 days later, the goat returned with multiple nodules similar in appearance to the previous one andin a severe clinical condition, characterized by pale mucous membranes, dehydration, enophthalmia, bilateral nasal seroussecretion and enlargement of the lymph nodes mandibular, retro pharyngeal and right paratid, as well as slight respiratorysnores in the ventral portion of lungs and productive cough. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized.Macroscopic findings revealed multiple nodular, infiltrative and blackened lesions on the tongue, lung, kidneys and liver,enlarged and blackened lymph nodes, and sagittal section of the cervical spine identified a dark spot on the seventh thoracic vertebra. In the histological evaluation of necrotic lesions present in the skin, lung, liver and kidneys was observednodular...(AU)

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The aim of the work was to determine Knoop microhardness (KH), color stability (ΔE00) and microstructure of prefabricated composite resin veneers (PCRVs). Two PCRVs systems (Componeer Brilliant New Generation, Coltene, Altstätten, Switzerland; and Direct Veneer, Edelweiss, Wolfurt, Austria) were tested. KH was measured at the buccal surface of the PCRVs. Color analyze was evaluated by a spectrophotometer and ΔE00 calculated using CIEDE2000 formula. Microstructure of the PCRVs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data of KH and ΔE00 were subjected to One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). Componeer (KH = 46) and Edelweiss (KH = 43) presented statistical similar hardness results (p>0.05). Componeer (ΔE00water= 0.1 and ΔE00coffee= 13.4) showed lower ΔE00 than Edelweiss (ΔE00water= 0.5 and ΔE00coffee= 18.7). SEM-images indicated similar microstructures of the PCRVs tested. Although PCRVs present similar microhardness and microstructure, Componeer showed higher color stability and lower extrinsic pigmentation to coffee in comparison to Edelweiss. Direct composite resin veneer treatment might be simplified with PCRVs. However, the high pigmentation observed in the PCRVs could generate aesthetic failures over the time. (AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a microdureza Knoop (KH), estabilidade de cor (ΔE00) e a microestrutura de facetas de resina composta pré-fabricadas. Os sistemas de facetas Componeer e Edelweiss foram testados. Para cada sistema, a microdureza foi avaliada na superfície vestibular das facetas. A análise da estabilidade de cor foi feita mediante o emprego de um espectrofotômetro e a alteração de cor foi calculada seguindo a fórmula determinada pelo CIEDE2000. A microestrutura dos sistemas foi observada e caracterizada a partir de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os resultados de microdureza e alteração de cor foram submetidos a análise de variância de um fator complementados pelo teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Os sistemas de facetas pré-fabricadas de resina composta apresentaram valores estatisticamente similares de microdureza (p>0,05). O grupo Componeer apresentou uma alteração de cor inferior em relação ao grupo Edelweiss. Os dois sistemas apresentaram uma elevada pigmentação após imersão em solução com café. A microestrutura dos sistemas se mostrou similar em função da avaliação das imagens em microscopia. Apesar dos sistemas apresentarem microdureza e microestrutura similares, o sistema Componeer gerou menor alteração de cor com menor pigmentação a bebida corante empregada em comparação ao sistema Edelweiss. A técnica de facetas dentárias pode ser simplificada utilizando um sistema de facetas pré-fabricadas de resina composta. Todavia, a elevada pigmentação observada no presente estudo deve ser levada em consideração já que o tratamento com esse tipo faceta tende a ser um procedimento estético com durabilidade elevada. (AU)