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Background: Gastroesophageal intussusception is characterized by the invagination of the stomach into the esophagus,with or without the involvementof adjacent organs such as the spleen, pancreas, and omentum. In dogs, this condition hasno breed or sex predisposition. As it is an infrequent disease in routine veterinary medical practice, this study reports acase of gastroesophageal intussusception in a dog necropsied at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Universityof Pernambuco (HOVET - UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: The body of a 12-year-old black mixed breed male dog was sent to the Pathology Department (Necropsy Sectorof the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE) for a necropsy. The animal had a previous 4-year history ofrecurrent emesis and limb weakness, primarily in the anterior limbs, that worsened in the previous months and progressedto death. No previous treatments were reported by the owner. On external examination, the animal had a low body score(cachectic), forelimb joints with great flexibility, congested oral and ocular mucous membranes, enophthalmos, and increased volume in the perianal region. At the opening of the thoracic cavity, the final third of the esophagus was dilatedand gastroesophageal intussusception, edema, and pulmonary congestion were noted. In the abdominal cavity, there washepatic and renal congestion and large intestine and rectal ampoule dilation, with a large amount of solid and retainedfeces (fecaloma), perianal hernia, and testicular neoformation. These findings were consistent with those observed in deathcaused by cardiorespiratory failure secondary to gastroesophageal intussusception.Discussion: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal intussusception is still not elucidated and is probably multifactorial.This condition causes reverse gastric peristalsis associated with a sudden and sustained increase in abdominal...(AU)

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Background: Gastroesophageal intussusception is characterized by the invagination of the stomach into the esophagus,with or without the involvementof adjacent organs such as the spleen, pancreas, and omentum. In dogs, this condition hasno breed or sex predisposition. As it is an infrequent disease in routine veterinary medical practice, this study reports acase of gastroesophageal intussusception in a dog necropsied at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Universityof Pernambuco (HOVET - UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: The body of a 12-year-old black mixed breed male dog was sent to the Pathology Department (Necropsy Sectorof the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE) for a necropsy. The animal had a previous 4-year history ofrecurrent emesis and limb weakness, primarily in the anterior limbs, that worsened in the previous months and progressedto death. No previous treatments were reported by the owner. On external examination, the animal had a low body score(cachectic), forelimb joints with great flexibility, congested oral and ocular mucous membranes, enophthalmos, and increased volume in the perianal region. At the opening of the thoracic cavity, the final third of the esophagus was dilatedand gastroesophageal intussusception, edema, and pulmonary congestion were noted. In the abdominal cavity, there washepatic and renal congestion and large intestine and rectal ampoule dilation, with a large amount of solid and retainedfeces (fecaloma), perianal hernia, and testicular neoformation. These findings were consistent with those observed in deathcaused by cardiorespiratory failure secondary to gastroesophageal intussusception.Discussion: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal intussusception is still not elucidated and is probably multifactorial.This condition causes reverse gastric peristalsis associated with a sudden and sustained increase in abdominal...

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Lymphoma is a neoplasm of hematopoietic origin that affects canines. The proper establishment of prognosis and rapid institution of treatment are essential for a better quality of life, and immunophenotyping is one of the tools used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to perform a clonality test for immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR) technique in real-time from samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The 23 analyzed samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin canine lymphoma from the collection Laboratory of Histopathology of the Animal Pathology Area of the Departament of Veterinary Medicine - Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). Samples were processed, their DNA was extracted, quantified, diluted, and standardized at a concentration of 50 ng/µL. After extraction, all samples were subjected to conventional PCR for endogenous control (detection of the IgM target region), in which the extracted DNA was amplified in a final volume of 25 µL. The 128 bp amplified product was detected by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Of the 23 samples analyzed for the detection of the conserved region referring to the endogenous gene, 91.30% (21/23) amplified the conserved region Cµ by conventional PCR, and two samples 8.70% (2/23) were negative. Endogenous control positive samples were subjected to real-time PCR-PARR for detection of IgH Major and IgH Minor for B lymphocytes (LB), and TCRy for lymphocytes T (LT) target regions. All reactions were performed in duplicate to reduce the risk of false-positive or false-negative results due to technical errors. Samples previously confirmed by immunohistochemistry were used as positive controls for T cell and B cell lymphoma, and MilliQ water was used as a negative reaction control. After amplification, the melting curve gradually increased the temperature by 1o C/5 s to 95o C during continuous fluorescence monitoring. Of the 21 samples analyzed, 100.00% (21/21) demonstrated clonal amplification. Of these, 57.15% (12/21) were positive for phenotype B, and 42.85% (9/21) were positive for phenotype T. Due to the importance of researching and confirming samples from files fixed and embedded in paraffin samples in laboratories, PCR-PARR is a good tool for this purpose. In the present study, real-time PCR analysis demonstrated greater sensitivity in the characterization of the immunophenotype of lymphomas from old samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The temperature of melting curve analysis may vary depending on the amount of DNA and its quality. In the present study, it was found that the average melting temperature in the samples varied between ± 3o C when compared to that in the control sample for LB and LT, 83.5o C and 80o C, respectively: in the literature, there is a relative difference in this temperature, which may vary up to 4o C. Real-time PCR-PARR was satisfactory in the characterization of the immunophenotype of canine lymphomas from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples; therefore, its use is recommended for both retrospective studies. The use of PCR-PARR associated with histopathological and/or cytopathological examination in cases of canine lymphomas strongly helps pathologists, provide a safe establishment of the immunophenotype, minimize errors, and optimize the diagnosis, thus directly contributing to the establishment of the prognosis.(AU)

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Background: Dilatation of the cecum associated with intestinal torsion is a fermentative digestive disease that has a lowoccurrence in veterinary medicine, particularly in large animal practice. This condition is most prevalent in dairy cattle.The etiology of this digestive system disorder is related to changes in nutritional management. As it is an uncommoncondition that is frequently observed in the practice of veterinary medicine, the objective of this report was to describe acase of dilatation and torsion of the cecum associated with phytobezoar obstruction in a heifer that was examined at theVeterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HOVET-UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: A 55-day-old heifer, with a history of abdominal distension associated with difficulty feeding and neurological signsof hind limb paresis, intentional head tremors, and prostration, was examined at the HOVET-UFRPE large animal clinic.A clinical examination demonstrated the presence of enophthalmos, abdominal distension, pale coloration of the ocularmucous membranes, and a moderate level of dehydration (3%). The dehydration was treated through the administrationof 1.150 L of saline solution along with 6 mL of Bionew (Vetnil®), 15 mL of calcium solution, and 5 mL of 50% glucose.Subsequently, the animal underwent intestinal washing through the insertion of an oral probe, which resulted in the expulsion of putrid content. Afterward, the animals blood was collected and sent to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of theDepartment of Veterinary Medicine at HOVET-UFRPE for a complete blood count...(AU)

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Background: Bovine tuberculosis control programs are based on a standard diagnostic method, the intradermal test with purified protein derivatives, which is used to identify and eliminate diseased animals. Currently none of the tests available allow complete differentiation between infected and uninfected animals. The main limitations of the tests available are related to diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, which results in false positive reactions due to the existence of cross infections, and also false negative, inherent to the state of energy of some animals. The aim of this work was to study the intercurrence of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis reactive cattle by the comparative cervical test. Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred and thirty four cattle were evaluated using the comparative cervical test (CCT) and serology for tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (PTB) ELISA IDEXX®. All of the animals testing positive by CCT were euthanized and necropsied. Fragments of lymph node, lung and intestine were collected and analyzed using histopathological techniques, with staining by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Samples of lung and lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, submandibular, cervical and mediastinal) of the animals testing positive by CCT were evaluated using qPRC for M. bovis, and intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes using PCR for PTB. Of the 334 cattle evaluated using the comparative cervical test, 16 were considered positive. No lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in the macroscopic inspection of the carcasses. The most evident anatomical and pathological finding was a thickening of intestinal mucosa, found in 12 of the 16 cattle submitted to necropsy. No microscopic lesions suggestive of TB were identified nor was the presence of M. bovis detected by qPCR. The main histopathological findings were observed in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and identified as enteritis, lymphangitis...

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Background: Dilatation of the cecum associated with intestinal torsion is a fermentative digestive disease that has a lowoccurrence in veterinary medicine, particularly in large animal practice. This condition is most prevalent in dairy cattle.The etiology of this digestive system disorder is related to changes in nutritional management. As it is an uncommoncondition that is frequently observed in the practice of veterinary medicine, the objective of this report was to describe acase of dilatation and torsion of the cecum associated with phytobezoar obstruction in a heifer that was examined at theVeterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HOVET-UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: A 55-day-old heifer, with a history of abdominal distension associated with difficulty feeding and neurological signsof hind limb paresis, intentional head tremors, and prostration, was examined at the HOVET-UFRPE large animal clinic.A clinical examination demonstrated the presence of enophthalmos, abdominal distension, pale coloration of the ocularmucous membranes, and a moderate level of dehydration (3%). The dehydration was treated through the administrationof 1.150 L of saline solution along with 6 mL of Bionew (Vetnil®), 15 mL of calcium solution, and 5 mL of 50% glucose.Subsequently, the animal underwent intestinal washing through the insertion of an oral probe, which resulted in the expulsion of putrid content. Afterward, the animal’s blood was collected and sent to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of theDepartment of Veterinary Medicine at HOVET-UFRPE for a complete blood count...

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Background: Skin neoplasms in goats, albeit less frequent than in equines and cattle, are no less important, given thatthe presence of melanoma is worrisome due to its local and metastatic aggressiveness, which leads to death, especially innortheastern Brazil, where ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels are high, being an important factor the development of thisneoplasia, especially in light-skinned animals. This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects, beyond the attempted surgical treatment a case of Saanen goat melanoma raised in Feira Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil.Case: A 4-year-old pregnant Saanen goat was treated at the AGA/UFRPE. The animal presented blackened fetid masseslocated on the lower lip and ventral region of the jaw that had grown for two months. In addition to the tumor, a physicalexamination revealed altered submandibular and left prescapular lymph nodes. Local anesthesia and sedation were applied and both neoplasms were excised. The goat was then medicated with anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs anddischarged. However, 45 days later, the goat returned with multiple nodules similar in appearance to the previous one andin a severe clinical condition, characterized by pale mucous membranes, dehydration, enophthalmia, bilateral nasal seroussecretion and enlargement of the lymph nodes mandibular, retro pharyngeal and right paratid, as well as slight respiratorysnores in the ventral portion of lungs and productive cough. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized.Macroscopic findings revealed multiple nodular, infiltrative and blackened lesions on the tongue, lung, kidneys and liver,enlarged and blackened lymph nodes, and sagittal section of the cervical spine identified a dark spot on the seventh thoracic vertebra. In the histological evaluation of necrotic lesions present in the skin, lung, liver and kidneys was observednodular...(AU)

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Background: Swine production and productivity rates can be influenced by several factors, such as genetics, environmentalconditions, nutritional factors, previous infections and others. Among infectious diseases, leptospirosis is a well-knowncause of reproductive disorders in pigs. These animals are considered carriers of the disease when they are in the terminalstage of the infection and the Veterinary Inspection Service has not been notified when they are slaughtered. Consideringthe lack of epidemiological information on Leptospira infection in pigs in the state of Pernambuco, the aim of this studywas to investigate anti-Leptospira antibodies in pigs slaughtered in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples were collected from 305 pigs in 11 municipalities in the Agreste region ofPernambuco. The animals had no history of vaccination, and were raised on subsistence-oriented family farms. The serawere subjected to the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for the detection of antibodies. The serovars used in the MATwere: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Copenhageni, Javanica, Canicola, Castellonis, Pyrogenenes, Cynopteri, Autumnalis, Sentot,Djasiman, Australis, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Wolffi, Sejroe, Saxkoebing, Bataviae, Tarassovi, Panama,Patoc, Andamana, Celledoni, Shermani, Brastilava and Hardjo. Sera showing titers of ≥100 were considered positive. TheMAT results indicated that 78/305 (25.57%) of the samples were positive, and were distributed in the 11 municipalities.The most frequent serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae, Copenhageni, and Djasiman, with frequencies of 55.13%, 17.95%and 6.41%, respectively.Discussion: Swine infected with leptospirosis showed few or no signs of the disease. However, the bacteria can be carriedfor long periods in convoluted tubules of the kidney and their urinary excretion may last for years...(AU)

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection by Sarcocystis neurona in horses and identify potential risk factors. Were analyzed 427 samples from 36 farms in 21 municipalities in the Alagoas State, Brazil. Presence of anti-S. neurona antibodies was diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and was confirmed using the immunoblot test. Risk factors were assessed through investigative questionnaires on animal management on the farms. The prevalence of anti-S.neurona antibodies was 2.8% (confidence interval, CI: 1.5-4.9%) from IFAT and 1.6% (CI:0.8-3.34%) from immunoblot, and there were positive horses on 16.6% of the studied farms. None of the variables studied presented associations with serological status for S. neurona. This is the first report on infection by S. neurona in horses reared in Alagoas, Brazil showing a low exposure to S. neurona in this region, but with significant numbers of foci.

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The determination of variables such as age, height, ethnicity and sex are extremely important to the identification of biological findings, especially in accidents with fatal victims. The diagnosis of sex can be 100 % certain for cases in which the skeleton is complete and in a good state of conservation, the individual is an adult and the morphometric variables of the population to which the individual belongs are known.: The aim of the present study was to perform a morphometric evaluation of the proximal femur and compare measurements between males and females. Sixty pairs of femurs were acquired from the Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. The bones were measured with the aid of the ImageJ software program and the following variables were compared between bones from male and female cadavers: DFH - diameter of femoral head on the craniocaudal and sagittal axes; DFN - diameter of femoral neck on the craniocaudal and sagittal axes; FNL - femoral neck length; ILL - intertrochanteric line length. The morphometric variables had the following mean values in the male bones: DFH-craniocaudal axis - 45.10 ± 0.35 mm; DFH-sagittal axis - 48.27 ± 0.35 mm; DFN-craniocaudal axis - 33.21 ± 0.40 mm; DFN-sagittal axis - 29.96 ± 0.05 mm; FNL - 31.71 ± 0.05 mm; ILL - 66.47 ± 0.59 mm. The mean values for the female bones were as follows: DFH-craniocaudal axis - 40.68 ± 0.20 mm; DFH-sagittal axis - 42.61 ± 0.20 mm; DFN-craniocaudal axis - 29.11 ± 0.03 mm; DFN-sagittal axis - 26.05 ± 0.04 mm; FNL - 31.10 ± 0.04 mm; ILL - 60.80 ± 0.41 mm. With the exception of the femur neck length, all variables measurements were significantly larger (p < 0.0001) on the male bones. The present findings demonstrate that the femur bone, particularly the proximal portion, exhibits important sexual dimorphism and has high potential for forensic purposes.

La determinación de variables como la edad, la altura, el origen étnico y el sexo son extremadamente importantes para la identificación de los hallazgos biológicos, especialmente en accidentes con víctimas fatales. El diagnóstico de sexo puede entregar una coincidencia del 100 % para los casos en los que el esqueleto está completo y en un buen estado de conservación, el individuo es un adulto y se conocen las variables morfométricas de la población a la que pertenece el individuo. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en realizar una evaluación morfométrica del fémur proximal y comparar las mediciones entre hombres y mujeres. Se adquirieron sesenta pares de fémures del Departamento de Morfología y Fisiología Animal de la Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Los huesos se midieron con la ayuda del programa de software ImageJ y se compararon las siguientes variables entre los huesos de cadáveres masculinos y femeninos: DCF: diámetro de la cabeza femoral en los ejes craneocaudal y sagital; DCF: diámetro del cuello femoral en los ejes craneocaudal y sagital; LCF - longitud del cuello femoral; LLI - longitud de línea intertrocantérea. Las variables morfométricas tenían los siguientes valores medios en los huesos masculinos: Eje craniocaudal DCF - 45,10 ±0,35 mm; DCF-eje sagital - 48,27±0,35 mm; DCF-eje craneocaudal - 33,21 ± 0,40 mm; DFN-eje sagital - 29,96 ± 0,05 mm; LCF - 31,71 ± 0,05 mm; LLI - 66,47 ± 0,59 mm. Los valores medios para los huesos femeninos fueron los siguientes: DCFeje craneocaudal - 40,68 ± 0,20 mm; DCF-eje sagital - 42,61 ± 0,20 mm; DCF-eje craneocaudal - 29,11 ± 0,03 mm; DCF-eje sagital - 26,05 ± 0,04 mm; LCF - 31,10 ± 0,04 mm; LLI - 60,80 ± 0,41 mm. Con la excepción de la longitud del cuello del fémur, todas las medidas variables fueron significativamente más grandes (p <0,0001) en los huesos masculinos. Los presentes hallazgos demuestran que el hueso del fémur, particularmente la porción proximal, exhibe un importante dimorfismo sexual y tiene un alto potencial para fines forenses.

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