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This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy in standing horses. Initially, the new device was evaluated on five cadavers of bovine fetuses (n = 5), placed assisted in a minilaparotomy performed in the flank region. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in four cryptorchid horses treated during the hospital routine. During the evaluation of the new device, the possibilities of exploring the abdominal cavity, inspection, and intra-abdominal manipulation with two Babcock forceps were verified. The possibilities were described, and surgical time data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the cadavers, a wide exploration of the abdominal cavity was possible, with a laparoscopic inspection through the right paralumbar fossa and manipulation of intra-abdominal structures with Babcock forceps inserted by the new device. In cryptorchid horses, laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy with a new device was feasible in two patients, and in the others, it allowed the diagnosis of adhesions and ectopic locations in the inguinal region of testicles retained in the cavity. Therefore, the new device was efficient in exploring the inguinal region of cryptorchid horses in the standing position. The present study is preliminary and can support future studies that aim to improve the developed prototype.

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Bradypus variegatus has unique anatomical characteristics, and many of its vascular and digestive tract aspects have yet to be clearly understood. This lack of information makes clinical diagnoses and surgical procedures difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical aspects of frozen and glycerinated corpses of B. variegatus using computed tomography (CT), emphasizing vascular and digestive contrast studies. Nine corpses that died during routine hospital were examined via CT in the supine position with scanning in the craniocaudal direction. In frozen cadavers, the contrast was injected into a cephalic vein after thawing and, subsequently, was administered orally. In addition to bone structures, CT allowed the identification of organs, soft tissues, and vascular structures in specimens. Visualization of soft tissues was better after contrast been administered intravenously and orally, even without active vascularization. Furthermore, the surfaces of the organs were highlighted by the glycerination method. With this technique, it was possible to describe part of the vascularization of the brachial, cervical, thoracic, and abdominal regions, in addition to highlighting the esophagus and part of the stomach. CT can be another tool for the evaluation of B. variegatus cadavers by anatomists or pathologists, contributing to the identification of anatomical structures.

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Testicular ultrasound enables the evaluation of changes in the testicular parenchyma. This study aimed to report the occurrence of hypoechogenic testicular alterations and their relationship with semen quality in five breeding buffaloes. Two buffaloes presented with hyperechoic points characteristic of fibrosis and anechoic density content between the parietal and visceral tunica. The two bulls without ultrasonographic changes showed higher average trajectory speed, linear velocity, curvilinear velocity, amplitude of lateral displacement of the spermatic head, total motility, progressive motility, fast speed, and acrosomal membrane values within the normal range. The number of spermatozoa with major and total defects was higher in the group of animals without alterations. The three buffaloes that presented with testicular alterations produced semen within established freezing standards.

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This study aimed to determine the influence of mineral supplementation on the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma and the semen characteristics of young buffaloes. To this end, 60 animals were kept under rotational grazing and were randomly divided into two groups: G-Bov (conventional mineral supplement recommended for bovine cattle; n = 30) and G-Buf (mineral supplement recommended for buffaloes; n = 30). Mineral supplement consumption was calculated from the difference between the amount of supplement offered and the leftover bunk, calculated every 28 days. Eight ejaculates from each animal were collected. The means of the response variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%, and Pearson’s correlation was analyzed between the concentration of minerals in seminal plasma and fresh semen characteristics. Animals in the G-Buf group had lower mineral supplement consumption (G-Bov = 83.18 vs. G-Buf = 77.14 g AU-1 day-1, P < 0.05) and had higher ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm vigor, and sperm mass motility than did the animals in the G-Bov group. This research presented the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma of buffaloes receiving different mineral supplements. In addition, the study concluded that the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen of young buffaloes are influenced by the formulation of the mineral supplement, which resulted in better sperm quality in the animals receiving a species-specific supplement. Among the minerals present in buffalo seminal plasma, phosphorus is the element that shows the highest positive correlation with semen characteristics.

Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do suplemento mineral consumido na concentração dos macro e microelementos no plasma seminal e nas características do sêmen de búfalos, 60 bezerros de 10 meses de idade foram mantidos sob lotação intermitente por 14 meses, consumindo, ad libitum, dois suplementos minerais distintos e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G-Bov (suplemento mineral convencional recomendado para bovinos; n=30) e G-Buf (suplemento mineral específico para búfalos; n=30). O consumo do suplemento mineral foi calculado a partir da diferença entre a quantidade de suplemento oferecido e a sobra mensal do cocho. Dos búfalos a partir dos 22 meses de idade foram realizadas oito colheitas de sêmen de cada animal. As médias das variáveis foram analisadas por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%, também foi analisada a correlação de Pearson entre a concentração de minerais no plasma seminal e as características do ejaculado. Observou-se que os animais do G-Buf mesmo consumindo menos suplemento mineral (G-Bov = 83,18 vs. G-Buf = 77,14 g UA-1 dia-1; P<0,05) obtiveram maior volume do ejaculado e melhores motilidade, vigor e turbilhonamento. Esta pesquisa apresenta as concentrações de macro e microelementos no plasma seminal de búfalos suplementados com diferentes formulações minerais. Além disso, concluiu-se que as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen de búfalos jovens são influenciadas pelo tipo de suplementação mineral, apresentando sêmen de melhor qualidade em búfalos suplementados com suplementos específicos para a espécie. Dos minerais presentes no plasma seminal de búfalos, o fósforo é o elemento que mostra maior correlação positiva com as características seminais no ejaculado.

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This study aimed to determine the influence of mineral supplementation on the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma and the semen characteristics of young buffaloes. To this end, 60 animals were kept under rotational grazing and were randomly divided into two groups: G-Bov (conventional mineral supplement recommended for bovine cattle; n = 30) and G-Buf (mineral supplement recommended for buffaloes; n = 30). Mineral supplement consumption was calculated from the difference between the amount of supplement offered and the leftover bunk, calculated every 28 days. Eight ejaculates from each animal were collected. The means of the response variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%, and Pearsons correlation was analyzed between the concentration of minerals in seminal plasma and fresh semen characteristics. Animals in the G-Buf group had lower mineral supplement consumption (G-Bov = 83.18 vs. G-Buf = 77.14 g AU-1 day-1, P < 0.05) and had higher ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm vigor, and sperm mass motility than did the animals in the G-Bov group. This research presented the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma of buffaloes receiving different mineral supplements. In addition, the study concluded that the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen of young buffaloes are influenced by the formulation of the mineral supplement, which resulted in better sperm quality in the animals receiving a species-specific supplement. Among the minerals present in buffalo seminal plasma, phosphorus is the element that shows the highest positive correlation with semen characteristics.(AU)

Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do suplemento mineral consumido na concentração dos macro e microelementos no plasma seminal e nas características do sêmen de búfalos, 60 bezerros de 10 meses de idade foram mantidos sob lotação intermitente por 14 meses, consumindo, ad libitum, dois suplementos minerais distintos e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G-Bov (suplemento mineral convencional recomendado para bovinos; n=30) e G-Buf (suplemento mineral específico para búfalos; n=30). O consumo do suplemento mineral foi calculado a partir da diferença entre a quantidade de suplemento oferecido e a sobra mensal do cocho. Dos búfalos a partir dos 22 meses de idade foram realizadas oito colheitas de sêmen de cada animal. As médias das variáveis foram analisadas por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%, também foi analisada a correlação de Pearson entre a concentração de minerais no plasma seminal e as características do ejaculado. Observou-se que os animais do G-Buf mesmo consumindo menos suplemento mineral (G-Bov = 83,18 vs. G-Buf = 77,14 g UA-1 dia-1; P<0,05) obtiveram maior volume do ejaculado e melhores motilidade, vigor e turbilhonamento. Esta pesquisa apresenta as concentrações de macro e microelementos no plasma seminal de búfalos suplementados com diferentes formulações minerais. Além disso, concluiu-se que as características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen de búfalos jovens são influenciadas pelo tipo de suplementação mineral, apresentando sêmen de melhor qualidade em búfalos suplementados com suplementos específicos para a espécie. Dos minerais presentes no plasma seminal de búfalos, o fósforo é o elemento que mostra maior correlação positiva com as características seminais no ejaculado.(AU)

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Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that causes great economic losses in dairy and beef herds. The main disturbances caused by this virus are related to abortion, fetal malformation and mummification, and the birth of weak calves. In addition, this disease may result in persistently infected animals, as well as individual immune tolerance to the virus. However, the symptoms are nonspecific and variable, and dependent on the age of affected animal. The objective of the present study was to report three cases with clinical signs of BVDV infection, with subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR). Cases: In a beef production farm located at the state of Para, Brazil, three animals presented severe diarrhea; the feces were liquefied and greenish-yellow in color; crusted lesions were visible and scattered over various parts of the animals bodies, including the muzzle, nostrils, periauricular region, and hooves; the tongue mucosa was undergoing an intense desquamation process. One of the affected animals, a 6-month-old calf, was euthanized following the recommendations of the Brazilian guide to good practices for animal euthanasia of the Ethics, Bioethics and Animal Welfare Committee / Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. After euthanasia, this calf was necropsied and some of its organs [...](AU)

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Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that causes great economic losses in dairy and beef herds. The main disturbances caused by this virus are related to abortion, fetal malformation and mummification, and the birth of weak calves. In addition, this disease may result in persistently infected animals, as well as individual immune tolerance to the virus. However, the symptoms are nonspecific and variable, and dependent on the age of affected animal. The objective of the present study was to report three cases with clinical signs of BVDV infection, with subsequent confirmation of the diagnosis by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR). Cases: In a beef production farm located at the state of Para, Brazil, three animals presented severe diarrhea; the feces were liquefied and greenish-yellow in color; crusted lesions were visible and scattered over various parts of the animals bodies, including the muzzle, nostrils, periauricular region, and hooves; the tongue mucosa was undergoing an intense desquamation process. One of the affected animals, a 6-month-old calf, was euthanized following the recommendations of the Brazilian guide to good practices for animal euthanasia of the Ethics, Bioethics and Animal Welfare Committee / Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. After euthanasia, this calf was necropsied and some of its organs [...]

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In the Artificial Insemination it is essential to the use of frozen semen, which causes damage to thestructure of sperm. To avoid these cellular damage, there is a need to assess the viability of frozen semen buffaloby conventional and automated methods, and to predict which of the methods retrieve highest number of viablecells post-thawing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of these two methods in buffalo semenfreezing. Semen was obtained from buffalo breeding and diluted in TES-TRIS. After semen freezing, the sampleswere evaluated for motility and vigor. There was no difference between the automated and conventionalmethods, respectively, for motility (67,5%±10 and 69,37±9,28), and the vigor (3,06±0,57 and 3,06±0,68).Therefore, it is concluded that the freezing methods are effective in cryopreservation the semen buffalo, however,it is suggested that more specific tests are performed to validate the protocols. (AU)

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The aim of this study was to andrologicaly evaluate confined young bulls submitted to a diet rich instarch, correlating andrological traditional data with ultrasonography and testicular histology. 40 bullsconfined for 94 days were submitted to 4 assessments to obtain testicular biometry, ultrasound images andsemen collection and evaluation of the testes after slaughter. There was a progressive increase in weight 341.7 ±15 kg at baseline to 453.6 ± 30 kg at the end of feedlot in 94 days, and testis, with CE of 28.44 ± 3:36 cm to34.68 ± 8.21 cm, VT 677.5 ± 234.7 mm3 to 2663.5 ± 1004 mm3. Ultrasound images showed changes from the56th day. Histological analysis presented alterations from inflammatory findings and testicular degeneration.The study showed that feedlot bulls submitted to high-energy diet rich in starch presented progressive testiculardevelopment and weight, however, it resulted in sonographic, histopathologic and andrological alterations.

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The use of frozen semen for PIVE is not fully utilized, as usually using a full dose of semen being wasteda large number of sperm that could be used in other PIVE, for these reasons, the objective of this work was toevaluate the fractionation of 0.25 ml straws in frozen bovine semen doses, divided into four equal sections forlater use in IVF technique in order to avoid wasting sperm present in the straw. Motility, vigor and spermconcentration analyzes were performed. There was observed no effect of vane fractionation process on spermparameters evaluated, such as motility 58,75%±7,6, vigor 2,75±1,6, and spermatic concentration average(3,7x106) between the sectioned parts. Thus, it is concluded that the semen dose fractionation method ofcryopreserved bull into four sections is viable for in vitro fertilization techniques, provided that there is nocompromise on the number and viability of sperm cells.

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