RESUMO
The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated at the following time points: 24 h after birth and 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled, and echocardiogram records were obtained without sedation. Rectal temperature was lower on the first day compared to the others. From 21 days of life, there was a reduction in HR, with differences between time points. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of the interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for LVIDd (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole), LVFWd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), IVSs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), LVIDs (left ventricle internal diameter in systole) and LVFWs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the LA, Ao and LA/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age. The echocardiographic measurements in lambs obtained in the present study are similar to those in newborns.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia , Ventrículos do Coração , Gravidez , Feminino , Ovinos , Animais , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Sístole , Diástole , PartoRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the echocardiographic parameters of blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores. Thirty-five birds only grown in captivity were included in the study and allocated into three different groups according to their respective body condition scores: Lean, Ideal, and Obese. The group of obese parrots presented lower right ventricle dimensions in diastole than lean parrots. The fractional shortening was considerably lower in obese parrots than in parrots with lean and ideal body condition scores but without statistical significance. The flow rate and the aortic pressure gradient were lower in the lean group than in the ideal group. The alterations in the nutritional state of captive blue-fronted amazon parrots may lead to cardiovascular dysfunctions detected through an echocardiographic evaluation, which represents an important diagnostic tool for these animals. The description of the techniques and the measures obtained in this study can contribute to future research in the area.
Assuntos
Amazona , Animais , Constituição Corporal , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Obesidade/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability(HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRScomplexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing andthat there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiacautonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain,using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympatheticpredominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old),which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a naturaltendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heartdiseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understandingshould be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups toserve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Frequência Cardíaca , Fatores Etários , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/veterinária , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability(HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRScomplexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing andthat there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiacautonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain,using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympatheticpredominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old),which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a naturaltendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heartdiseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understandingshould be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups toserve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Fatores Etários , Frequência Cardíaca , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/veterinária , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Background: Sick sinus syndrome is characterized by the presence of arrhythmias, including persistent sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmia. It commonly occurs in elderly dogs, especially miniature schnauzers; however, it is also detected in dachshunds and pugs. Reports of clinical signs by animal owners are not always clear and precise, which may result in erroneous interpretations by veterinarians; consequently, the use of inappropriate therapies. The present work aims to describe clinical aspects and findings from tests related to sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and presents the case of a female schnauzer with SSS. Case: A 10-year-old female dog (schnauzer, 8.6 kg) attended the Veterinary Hospital of the FMVZ-UNESP - Botucatu. The owner mentioned convulsive episodes, but a thorough medical history and patient assessment revealed that the dog exhibited episodes of syncope. During the physical examination, cardiac auscultation revealed the heart rate to be 56 beats per minute (bpm), and there was a presence of pauses. Also during cardiac auscultation, a holosystolic heart murmur was verified, with a focus on the mitral and tricuspid valves. The electrocardiogram showed the presence of sinus arrest with escape rhythms, pauses of 10 s and the presence of bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. A Holter monitor was used to establish the diagnosis of SSS. The patient presented with significant episodes of syncope during outpatient care, and based on the clinical manifestation, drug therapy was initiated. The prescribed medications were aminophylline 20 mg/ kg TID, enalapril maleate 0.5 mg/kg BID, spironolactone 1 mg/kg SID and furosemide 2 mg/kg BID. After the start of treatment, there was a reduction in the frequency of episodes of syncope. Three weeks after diagnosis, a pacemaker device was implanted. Currently, clinical signs are absent. Discussion: Sinus node dysfunction is one of the main reasons for pacemaker implantation. [ ]
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Marca-Passo Artificial , Marca-Passo Artificial/veterinária , Síndrome do Nó Sinusal/veterinária , Arritmias Cardíacas/veterinária , Eletrocardiografia/veterinária , Síncope/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Sick sinus syndrome is characterized by the presence of arrhythmias, including persistent sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmia. It commonly occurs in elderly dogs, especially miniature schnauzers; however, it is also detected in dachshunds and pugs. Reports of clinical signs by animal owners are not always clear and precise, which may result in erroneous interpretations by veterinarians; consequently, the use of inappropriate therapies. The present work aims to describe clinical aspects and findings from tests related to sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and presents the case of a female schnauzer with SSS. Case: A 10-year-old female dog (schnauzer, 8.6 kg) attended the Veterinary Hospital of the FMVZ-UNESP - Botucatu. The owner mentioned convulsive episodes, but a thorough medical history and patient assessment revealed that the dog exhibited episodes of syncope. During the physical examination, cardiac auscultation revealed the heart rate to be 56 beats per minute (bpm), and there was a presence of pauses. Also during cardiac auscultation, a holosystolic heart murmur was verified, with a focus on the mitral and tricuspid valves. The electrocardiogram showed the presence of sinus arrest with escape rhythms, pauses of 10 s and the presence of bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. A Holter monitor was used to establish the diagnosis of SSS. The patient presented with significant episodes of syncope during outpatient care, and based on the clinical manifestation, drug therapy was initiated. The prescribed medications were aminophylline 20 mg/ kg TID, enalapril maleate 0.5 mg/kg BID, spironolactone 1 mg/kg SID and furosemide 2 mg/kg BID. After the start of treatment, there was a reduction in the frequency of episodes of syncope. Three weeks after diagnosis, a pacemaker device was implanted. Currently, clinical signs are absent. Discussion: Sinus node dysfunction is one of the main reasons for pacemaker implantation. [ ](AU)