RESUMO

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide, with multisystemic presentations. Immune dysregulation has been proposed as the primary mechanism involved in its pathogenesis and in tissue injury in dogs with CME. Experimental infection of German Shepherd dogs in the present study demonstrated that CME caused marked pathological changes in their lymph nodes and spleen, and also gave rise to mononuclear infiltration in organs and tissues. Immunophenotyping of cells in lymph nodes, spleen and injured tissues highlighted differences in lymphocyte subsets, local expression of immunoglobulin subclasses and MHCII molecules between infected and control dogs. These findings suggest that the immunophenotypic and immunopathological changes in dogs with acute experimental CME are related to Th1 bias and compartmentalized immune response.

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RESUMO

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide, with multisystemic presentations. Immune dysregulation has been proposed as the primary mechanism involved in its pathogenesis and in tissue injury in dogs with CME. Experimental infection of German Shepherd dogs in the present study demonstrated that CME caused marked pathological changes in their lymph nodes and spleen, and also gave rise to mononuclear infiltration in organs and tissues. Immunophenotyping of cells in lymph nodes, spleen and injured tissues highlighted differences in lymphocyte subsets, local expression of immunoglobulin subclasses and MHCII molecules between infected and control dogs. These findings suggest that the immunophenotypic and immunopathological changes in dogs with acute experimental CME are related to Th1 bias and compartmentalized immune response.(AU)

A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma das doenças veiculadas por carrapatos com apresentações multisistêmicas mais relevantes em todo o mundo. A desregulação do sistema imune vem sendo proposta como o principal mecanismo envolvido na patogênese e lesão de tecidos em cães com EMC. A infecção experimental de pastores alemães nesta pesquisa evidenciou marcadas alterações patológicas em linfonodos, baço e também infiltração mononuclear em órgãos e tecidos. A imunofenotipagem de células em linfonodos, baço e tecidos lesados destacou diferenças em subconjuntos de linfócitos, expressão local de subclasses de imunoglobulinas e de moléculas MHCII entre cães infectados e controle. Esses achados sugerem que um viés Th1 e uma resposta imune compartimentalizada estão relacionados às alterações imunofenotípicas e imunopatológicas em cães com EMC experimental aguda.(AU)

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RESUMO

An outbreak of infectious bronchitis caused by the IBVPR03 strain of the Massachusetts genotype affected H-120 vaccinated laying hens in South Brazil. We investigated the cross protection of the vaccine by assessing the traqueal ciliostasis, virus recovery, and histopathological changes typically observed in the respiratory tract. Although the IBVPR03 strain is S1-genotyped as Massachusetts with a high genomic similarity to the H-120 vaccine strains, surprisingly, we found no tropism or pathogenicity to the trachea in birds infected with this strain. On the other hand, we observed ovarian and testicle lesions. Here, we show that, despite belonging in the Massachusetts genotype, the IBVPR03 pathotype differs from the expected respiratory pattern, causing instead marked histopathological changes in the gonads, so far not associated with this group.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An outbreak of infectious bronchitis caused by the IBVPR03 strain of the Massachusetts genotype affected H-120 vaccinated laying hens in South Brazil. We investigated the cross protection of the vaccine by assessing the traqueal ciliostasis, virus recovery, and histopathological changes typically observed in the respiratory tract. Although the IBVPR03 strain is S1-genotyped as Massachusetts with a high genomic similarity to the H-120 vaccine strains, surprisingly, we found no tropism or pathogenicity to the trachea in birds infected with this strain. On the other hand, we observed ovarian and testicle lesions. Here, we show that, despite belonging in the Massachusetts genotype, the IBVPR03 pathotype differs from the expected respiratory pattern, causing instead marked histopathological changes in the gonads, so far not associated with this group.

RESUMO

Scaling using ultrasonic dental equipment was performed on 20 teeth extracted from dogs with advanced periodontal disease, under clinical indication. The surgical extraction of the teeth, which already showed mobility, carried out by means of a lever, tried not to touch the radicular surface which would be assessed. The mesial surface of the cervical root region was used for verifying the effect of the ultrasonic scaling and the distal surface was maintained intact for control. After treatment, the teeth were sectioned, separating the region of interest, and these were fixed in glutaraldehyde, dried with a critical point dryer and metallized for observation under electronic scanning microscopy. The presence of plaque, biofilm and rod cells on the non-treated surface was quite characterized. On the surface submitted to treatment by ultrasound, it was possible to see areas with the removal of all the dental calculus, and areas with exposed naked dentine and showing open dentinal tubules. It was possible to observe also the occasional presence of bio-film and rod cells penetrating the dentinal tubules. No harm to the dentine was observed. Thus, ultrasonic scaling showed to be useful in the purpose of removing plaque and can be better developed. Future studies are necessary to establish a comparison with other methods of scaling.

A raspagem com ultrasom odontológico foi usado em 20 dentes extraídos de cães com doença periodontal avançada. A face mesial da raiz foi para a verificação da atuação do instrumento e a distal como controle. A avulsão cirúrgica dos dentes com o uso de alavanca procurou não alterar a superfície radicular a ser avaliada. Após tratamento, os dentes foram preparados para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Observou a presença de biofilme e bastonetes penetrando nos túbulos dentinários. A remoção de todo o cálculo dentário e áreas com exposição de dentina nua e com túbulos dentinários abertos. A raspagem fornece uma camada de smear layer. Não se verificou dano a dentina. A raspagem com ultrassom é útil e futuros estudos são requeridos para estabelecer comparativo com outros métodos de raspagem.

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Tracheal mucosa is the primary site of replication of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which leads to both morphologic and immune modulatory changes in this organ. To increase the understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes, we focused on the evaluation of local inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses after challenge with the M41 strain of IBV, associating these responses with pathologic changes in the tracheal mucosa. At 24 h post-infection, inflammatory cytokines related genes were significantly upregulated, including peaks of TNFSF15 and TGFß mRNA production, although no tracheal microscopic alterations were observed and only a slightly increase in viral load occurred. At 3 days post-infection (dpi), we observed that the highest upregulation of IL6, IL1ß, and IFNγ coincided with highest scores of viral load and microscopic lesions, suggesting a role of both these cytokines and virus load on the development of tracheal lesions. Later, at 7 dpi, the most prominent increases of CD8αα mRNA and Granzyme homolog A mRNA were followed by a significant decrease of scores of tracheal lesions and viral load. In conclusion, an early upregulation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL1ß, and IFNγ induced by the M41 strain of IBV may be partially implicated in the viral pathogenicity on trachea tissues of nonimmune challenged chickens, in addition to a late induction of a putative protective immune responses by this virus through upregulation of CD8αα and Granzyme homolog A genes in this organ.

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RESUMO

A Catuama® é a associação de quatro extratos hidroalcoolicos obtidos de plantas brasileiras (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale) com conhecida ação neuroprotetora, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antidepressiva. O bilobalide é um componente extraído das folhas do Ginkgo biloba, que tem comprovada ação neuroprotetora nos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da Catuama® e do bilobalide na regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos submetidos à secção do nervo isquiático. Foram utilizados 40 ratos com implante de tubo de silicone preenchido por colágeno líquido, deixando-se um intervalo entre os segmentos nervosos de 10mm. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: o grupo controle (A); os grupos que receberam a Catuama® administrada por via oral nos primeiros 28 dias de pós-operatório, nas doses de 100 (B) e 400mg.kg-1 (C); e o grupo que recebeu o bilobalide na dose de 200µM (D), este, adicionado ao colágeno líquido utilizado no implante de silicone. Os animais foram avaliados na primeira, quinta e décima semanas de pós-operatório pelo teste de marcha. Na décima semana, foi realizada avaliação eletrofisiológica e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos cortes histológicos de amostras do nervo isquiático e do músculo gastrocnêmio. Em todas as análises utilizadas observou-se excelente regeneração dos nervos, no entanto, não foi encontrada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais e controle.

The Catuama® is composed of four Brazilian plants extracts (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale). The Catuama® is known as having neuroprotector, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Bilobalide, extracted from leaves of Ginkgo biloba, is known by its neuroprotective effect in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study evaluates the effect of Catuama® and bilobalide on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats following a sciatic nerve section. Sciatic nerve of forty adult rats was transected with a 10-mm gap and the proximal and distal nerve stumps were fixed in a silicone tube filled with liquid collagen. The animals were divided into four groups: the control group (A), two groups treated with Catuama® by gavage along 28 days after the surgery in different doses of 100 (B) and 400mg.kg-1 (C) and the group using 200µM bilobalide (D) associated with the liquid collagen in the silicone tube. Evaluations were done by a walk test on the first, fifth and tenth week after the surgery. Electrophysiological stimulation and quantitative and qualitative histological analyses of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle were also performed on the tenth week after the surgery. All groups showed good regeneration but no statistical difference was found between treatments and control groups (P>0.05).

RESUMO

As células-tronco tumorais (CTTs) pertencem a uma pequena população de células dentro do tumor com propriedades de autorrenovação e diferenciação em outros tipos celulares. Neste estudo avaliou-se o comportamento tanto das porções mesenquimais quanto das epiteliais de seis carcinossarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas em tumores mistos (CTMs) grau I, 11 grau II e 10 grau III. Nas porções epiteliais dos CS e CTM foram observadas imunomarcações para os anticorpos CD44, CD24, Oct-4 e ALDH-1. Nas porções mesenquimais dos CS, nas porções epiteliais dos CTMs graus II e III não houve imunomarcação para o ALDH-1. Concluiu-se que as CTTs são expressas em proporções iguais tanto nas porções mesenquimais quanto nas epiteliais dos CSs e ausentes nas porções mesenquimais bem diferenciadas de CTMs.

Cancer stem cells belong to a small population of cells within the tumor with properties of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types. In this study, the behavior of both portions, mesenchymal and epithelial, was evaluated. Six carcinosarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas within mixed tumors (CWMTs) grade I, 11 grade II, and 10 grade III were evaluated. In the epithelial portions of the CS and CWMTs was observed immunostaining for antibodies CD44, CD24, Oct-4 and ALDH-1. In the mesenchymal portions of the CS, in the epithelial portions of CMTs grades II and III no immunostaining for ALDH-1 was found. It was concluded that the tumor stem cells are expressed in equal proportions in the epithelial and mesenchymal portions of the CS. No immunostaining in the mesenchymal portions of well-differentiated CWMTs was seen.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As células-tronco tumorais (CTTs) pertencem a uma pequena população de células dentro do tumor com propriedades de autorrenovação e diferenciação em outros tipos celulares. Neste estudo avaliou-se o comportamento tanto das porções mesenquimais quanto das epiteliais de seis carcinossarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas em tumores mistos (CTMs) grau I, 11 grau II e 10 grau III. Nas porções epiteliais dos CS e CTM foram observadas imunomarcações para os anticorpos CD44, CD24, Oct-4 e ALDH-1. Nas porções mesenquimais dos CS, nas porções epiteliais dos CTMs graus II e III não houve imunomarcação para o ALDH-1. Concluiu-se que as CTTs são expressas em proporções iguais tanto nas porções mesenquimais quanto nas epiteliais dos CSs e ausentes nas porções mesenquimais bem diferenciadas de CTMs.(AU)

Cancer stem cells belong to a small population of cells within the tumor with properties of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types. In this study, the behavior of both portions, mesenchymal and epithelial, was evaluated. Six carcinosarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas within mixed tumors (CWMTs) grade I, 11 grade II, and 10 grade III were evaluated. In the epithelial portions of the CS and CWMTs was observed immunostaining for antibodies CD44, CD24, Oct-4 and ALDH-1. In the mesenchymal portions of the CS, in the epithelial portions of CMTs grades II and III no immunostaining for ALDH-1 was found. It was concluded that the tumor stem cells are expressed in equal proportions in the epithelial and mesenchymal portions of the CS. No immunostaining in the mesenchymal portions of well-differentiated CWMTs was seen.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A Catuama® é a associação de quatro extratos hidroalcoolicos obtidos de plantas brasileiras (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale) com conhecida ação neuroprotetora, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antidepressiva. O bilobalide é um componente extraído das folhas do Ginkgo biloba, que tem comprovada ação neuroprotetora nos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da Catuama® e do bilobalide na regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos submetidos à secção do nervo isquiático. Foram utilizados 40 ratos com implante de tubo de silicone preenchido por colágeno líquido, deixando-se um intervalo entre os segmentos nervosos de 10mm. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: o grupo controle (A); os grupos que receberam a Catuama® administrada por via oral nos primeiros 28 dias de pós-operatório, nas doses de 100 (B) e 400mg.kg-1 (C); e o grupo que recebeu o bilobalide na dose de 200µM (D), este, adicionado ao colágeno líquido utilizado no implante de silicone. Os animais foram avaliados na primeira, quinta e décima semanas de pós-operatório pelo teste de marcha. Na décima semana, foi realizada avaliação eletrofisiológica e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos cortes histológicos de amostras do nervo isquiático e do músculo gastrocnêmio. Em todas as análises utilizadas observou-se excelente regeneração dos nervos, no entanto, não foi encontrada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais e controle.(AU)

The Catuama® is composed of four Brazilian plants extracts (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale). The Catuama® is known as having neuroprotector, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Bilobalide, extracted from leaves of Ginkgo biloba, is known by its neuroprotective effect in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study evaluates the effect of Catuama® and bilobalide on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats following a sciatic nerve section. Sciatic nerve of forty adult rats was transected with a 10-mm gap and the proximal and distal nerve stumps were fixed in a silicone tube filled with liquid collagen. The animals were divided into four groups: the control group (A), two groups treated with Catuama® by gavage along 28 days after the surgery in different doses of 100 (B) and 400mg.kg-1 (C) and the group using 200µM bilobalide (D) associated with the liquid collagen in the silicone tube. Evaluations were done by a walk test on the first, fifth and tenth week after the surgery. Electrophysiological stimulation and quantitative and qualitative histological analyses of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle were also performed on the tenth week after the surgery. All groups showed good regeneration but no statistical difference was found between treatments and control groups (P>0.05).(AU)

Assuntos