RESUMO
El cuerpo adiposo de la boca (CAB) es un componente adiposo multilobulado bien delimitado, localizado de manera bilateral en la región facial íntimamente relacionado a estructuras nerviosas y vasculares. La remoción de CAB es un procedimiento ampliamente estudiado en el campo de la cirugía maxilofacial, utilizado principalmente para cubrir defectos. Su influencia en la estética facial ha iniciado una popularización de la remoción de la extensión bucal de CAB para obtener un rostro más estilizado, intervención difundida como poco invasiva y sin complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue recopilar y evaluar estudios que reporten y evalúen complicaciones asociadas a la remoción por razones estéticas de CAB. Se revisó la evidencia en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Epistemonikos, Scopus y Google Scholar, utilizando términos predefinidos, seleccionando estudios primarios de reportes de casos. Se incluyeron 7 artículos con un total de 10 pacientes; de estos, ocho pacientes se realizaron este procedimiento en Brasil, uno en Estados Unidos y uno en Chile. La distribución de la población fue de 3:7 entre hombres y mujeres con edad promedio de 35 años y un rango entre los 23 a los 49 años. En relación a las complicaciones reportadas, 100 % de los pacientes presentaron asimetría facial, un 80 % presentó edema facial, 30 % manifestaron sialocele, Trismus 20 %, 40 % presentó hematoma, 20 % compromiso del estado general, 20 % presentaron disfagia, en los casos de hipoestesia, parestesia, absceso, seroma, parálisis facial, odinofagia, fiebre se expresaron en 10 % de la población estudiada. En todos los estudios se describió una reintervención quirúrgica posterior a la remoción estética del cuerpo adiposo de bichat. La escasa literatura y la baja calidad de esta, no permite estimar el porcentaje real de posibles complicaciones, tampoco es posible determinar sus resultados a largo plazo ya que no existe en la evidencia un seguimiento apropiado para estos pacientes.
The buccal adipose body (BAB) is a well- defined multilobulated adipose component, located bilaterally in the facial region, closely related to nervous and vascular structures. BAB removal is a widely studied procedure in the field of maxillofacial surgery, used mainly to cover defects. Its influence on facial aesthetics has started to popularize the removal of the BAB buccal extension to obtain a more stylized face, an intervention widely known as minimally invasive and without complications. The objective of this study was to collect and evaluate studies that report and evaluate complications associated with the removal of BAB for cosmetic reasons. The evidence was reviewed in the Medline databases via PubMed, Epistemonikos, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using predefined terms, selecting primary studies from case reports. 7 articles with a total of 10 patients were included; Of these, eight patients underwent this procedure in Brazil, one in the United States, and one in Chile. The distribution of the population was 3:7 between men and women with an average age of 35 years and a range between 23 to 49 years. In relation to the reported complications, 100 % of the patients presented facial asymmetry, 80 % presented facial edema, 30 % manifested sialocele, trismus 20 %, 40 % presented hematoma, 20 % compromised general state, 20 % presented dysphagia, in the cases of hypoesthesia, paresthesia, abscess, seroma, facial paralysis, odynophagia, fever were expressed in 10 % of the studied population. All the studies described a surgical reintervention after cosmetic removal of the bichat adipose body. The scarce literature and its low quality do not allow estimating the real percentage of possible complications, nor is it possible to determine their long-term results since there is no evidence of appropriate follow-up for these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tecido Adiposo/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/efeitos adversos , Bochecha/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
ACTUALIZACIÓN: Este resumen Epistemonikos (Living FRISBEE: Living FRIendly Summary of the Body of Evidence using Epistemonikos) es una actualización del resumen publicado en enero de 2016. INTRODUCCIÓN: La apendicitis es una causa típica de dolor abdominal agudo y la causa más frecuente de cirugía abdominal de urgencia. En las últimas dos décadas se ha publicado creciente evidencia sobre el uso de antibióticos como tratamiento exclusivo de la apendicitis aguda. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos 23 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 28 estudios primarios, de los cuales ocho corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso exclusivo de antibióticos para el tratamiento de la apendicitis aguda no complicada podría ser menos efectivo que la apendicectomía y asociarse a una mayor estadía hospitalaria, pero por otro lado podría asociarse a una menor tasa de complicaciones.
UPDATE: This Living FRISBEE (Living FRIendly Summary of the Body of Evidence using Epistemonikos) is an update of the summary published in January 2016. INTRODUCTION: Appendicitis is a typical cause of acute abdominal pain and the most frequent cause of emergency abdominal surgery. In the last two decades, increasing evidence has been published about the use of antibiotics as an exclusive treatment for acute appendicitis. METHODS: To answer this question, we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained through searches from multiple sources of information, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted the data from the identified reviews, reanalyzed the data from the primary studies, performed a meta-analysis and prepared a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified 23 systematic reviews including 28 primary studies, of which eight were randomized trials. We concluded the exclusive use of antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis could be less effective than appendectomy, but it might be associated with a lower rate of complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Apendicectomia/métodos , Apendicite/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Apendicite/cirurgia , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Doença Aguda , Bases de Dados Factuais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Truncular venous malformations and acquired functional or anatomical venous occlusions (or sub-occlusions) can be the cause of secondary lymphedema and even the cause of primary lymphedema when they are associated with lymphatic malformations (lymphangiodysplasia - LAD I, lymphadenodysplasia - LAD II, or a combination of both) in pediatric patients. This understanding recognizes the shared and successive embryogenesis of both systems. These conditions can exhibit hypertension in the venous pedicles intended for lymph-venous anastomosis, and this finding would be a formal contraindication to the procedure. However, this hypertension is a rarely considered condition and is not commonly identified. As a technique to solve this problem, we have combined Nielubowicz, Olszewski, Campisi, and Palma's proposals and created a lymph-venous anastomosis from the side with lymphedema and venous hypertension (lymphatic donor and venous recipient) with an internal suprapubic saphenous venous bridge (from the normal side to the lymphedematous side with venous hypertension) to enable a crossed inguinal lymphatic/venous rescue. We believe this newly synthesized approach will allow better clinical care of pediatric patients with complex and combined lymphatic-venous malformations and is worthy of further investigation.
RESUMO
The study was aimed to assess the influence that short-term progesterone treatments have on follicular dynamics, oestrus and ovulation in sheep. The treatment was tested thereafter in a field trial to assess its fertility after AI with fresh semen. In a first experiment, 12 ewes without CL were grouped to receive a new (n = 6) or used CIDR (n = 6) for 7 days and blood samples were obtained to follow plasma progesterone profiles. In a second experiment, 39 cycling ewes were synchronized by a 7-day P4+PGF2α protocol using a new (n = 20) or a 7-day used CIDR (n = 19). Half of both groups received 400 IU eCG and half remained untreated as controls. Ultrasound ovarian examination and oestrous detection were used to compare follicular dynamics, oestrus and ovulation in both groups. In a third experiment, 288 ewes in 3 farms were synchronized by the short-term P4+PGF2α+eCG protocol and ewes were AI with fresh semen 24 h after oestrous detection. Lambing performance was used to test the fertility of the treatment. In Experiment 1, ewes with new inserts presented higher P4 concentration than ewes with used inserts throughout the sampling period (p < 0.05) and exhibited a P4 peak at days 1-2 of the treatment that was not observed in ewes with used inserts. In Experiment 2, ewes treated with new and used inserts show similar ovarian and behavioral traits (p > 0.10). However, ewes treated with eCG show shorter interval to oestrus (p = 0.004) and tend to have larger mature CL (p = 0.06). In Experiment 3, oestrous presentation and lambing performance after AI with fresh semen was considered normal compared to published results. Results suggest that the oestrous synchronization protocol based on P4+PGF2α allows little control of follicular dynamics without compromising fertility after AI with fresh semen provided that eCG is added at the end of the treatment.
Assuntos
Dinoprosta/farmacologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Progesterona/farmacologia , Ovinos/fisiologia , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Dinoprosta/administração & dosagem , Sincronização do Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Ovulação/fisiologia , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagemRESUMO
AIMS: To develop a pilot-plant fermentation process for the production of the yeast Rhodotorula minuta, to be used as a biocontrol agent of mango anthracnose, using a low-cost culture medium. To develop a stable liquid formulation that preserve high viability of the yeast stored at 4 degrees C. METHODS AND RESULTS: Keeping constant the volumetric power input, a fermentation process was scaled-up from shake flasks to a 100 l bioreactor. Preharvest applications of the yeast resulted in postharvest anthracnose severity equal or lower than that observed with a chemical fungicide. Glycerol was added to the formulation as water activity reducer and xanthan gum as a viscosity-enhancing agent. Yeast initial concentration of 10(10) CFU ml(-1) resulted in 4-5 orders of magnitude decrease after 1 month of storage at 4 degrees C, whereas when it was formulated at 10(9) CFU ml(-1), the decrease was of two orders of magnitude in 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The fermentation process was successfully scaled-up using a low-cost culture medium. Postharvest anthracnose severity could be considerably reduced using this yeast. Formulating the yeast at 10(9) CFU ml(-1) and adding glycerol (20%) and xanthan (5 g l(-1)) avoided both contamination and yeast sedimentation and it was able to preserve up to 10(7) CFU ml(-1) after 6 months at 4 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The yeast R. minuta is reported as a novel antagonistic micro-organism against the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pilot plant production of this yeast allowed us to conduct field tests in commercial orchards during three harvest seasons. Yeast suspensions applied to mango trees reduced the fruit anthracnose severity in levels similar or better than chemical fungicides.
Assuntos
Mangifera , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Doenças das Plantas , Rhodotorula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Fermentação , Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Glicerol/farmacologia , Maneb/farmacologia , Viabilidade Microbiana , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/farmacologia , Rhodotorula/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura , Viscosidade , Zineb/farmacologiaRESUMO
El control de la fiebre aftosa es una responsabilidad nacional y regional y en muchos paises, la vacunación masiva es una herramienta utilizada en los programas de control y erradicación de la enfermedad. La disponibilidad de vacunas puras, seguras y potentes es esencial para mantener la salud animal y el éxito de los programas de control y erradicación de la fiebre aftosa en el continente. Para tal fin, las vacunas son sometidas a controles de calidad que aseguran al usuario y a la pecuaria nacional que el producto es inocuo y eficiente.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Vacinas , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Bovine, equine and swine sera from areas free from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana 3 (IND3)--namely Argentina, Chile, Italy and Uruguay--and endemic areas (in Brazil) were examined for anti-VSV IND3 virus antibodies in order to compare results obtained using the virus neutralisation (VN) test and liquid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis of the data showed close agreement between the two techniques (K = 0.92). The ELISA gave a higher specificity, positive predictive value and efficiency than the VN test. The ELISA offers the additional advantage of using a non-infectious antigen and can therefore be used for antibody quantification in diagnostic laboratories in VSV-free areas to support epidemiological surveillance programmes.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Cavalos , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estomatite/diagnóstico , Estomatite/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnósticoRESUMO
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus types O1 Campos Br1/58, A24 Cruzeiro Br1/55, and C3 Indaial Br1/71, which are the strains used for production of FMD vaccines in the majority of South American countries. Within the library of MAbs produced, a group was selected on the basis of their neutralizing titer in cell culture, protective titer in suckling mice, sensitivity to trypsin, and specificity for virus structural proteins. The MAbs were utilized in an ELISA test format to compare European and South American representative field isolates with vaccine production strains in their r1 relationship as obtained by 50% complement fixation (CF50) with polyclonal antibodies (PAb) and their virus neutralization (VN) relationship obtained with sera from one-time-vaccinated and from revaccinated cattle, respectively. The MAbs selected varied in their reactivity against the different strains and, therefore, enabled us to compare field FMDV strains to those against which the MAbs were produced, with definite advantages over the r1 and VN ratios. Thus, panels of MAb produced with the vaccine strains and appropriately selected are significantly useful for the FMD-control programs because they serve to provide guidance on the immunological coverage provided by the vaccines against FMDV strains circulating in the field. The MAbs are also useful for the differentiation of FMD virus strains.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Aphthovirus/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Epitopos , Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fenótipo , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
An indirect "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyvalent and monovalent antisera was compared with the 50% complement fixation (CF50) test for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) O, A, and C virus types. ELISA was more sensitive than CF50 tests when polyvalent antisera were used for detecting the 3 types of virus in epithelial samples, whereas ELISA using monovalent antisera was the least sensitive technique. The ELISA performed with polyvalent antisera was 9 times more sensitive for detecting FMD virus than that with monovalent antisera. However, viral isolation in cell culture was the most sensitive detection system. The combined use of ELISA with polyvalent antisera and cell culture inoculations was the most effective procedure for identifying FMD virus in epithelial samples from the field.
Assuntos
Aphthovirus/classificação , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Febre Aftosa/microbiologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Aphthovirus/imunologia , Aphthovirus/isolamento & purificação , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Linhagem Celular , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Reações Cruzadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Febre Aftosa/diagnóstico , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
La prueba ELISA de competición en fase líquida fue adaptada para la identificación de anticuerpos antivirus de estomatitis vesicular serotipo Indiana-3, usando como antígeno la glicoproteína viral. La validez y repetibilidad de la prueba se determinó por el estudio de 533 sueros de animales negativos y 305 sueros de animales positivos, obteniéndose una sensibilidad de 99 por ciento y una especificidad de 100 por ciento. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las repeticiones de la prueba. Los valores predictivos de los resultados, positivo y negativo, y el valor global de la prueba estudiada indican que la ELISA es un método satisfactorio para identificar anticuerpos de estomatitis vesicular.
The competitive ELISA in liquid phase was adapted to identify antibodies to vesicular stomatitis Indiana-3 virus useing the viral glycoprotein as antigen. Test validity and reproducibility were determined by testing 553 sera from negative animals and 305 sera from positive animals, obtaining values of 99% sensitiviy and 100% specificity. No significant differences were observed among repeated tests. Prodictive values for positive and negative results, and the overall value of the technique studied indicate that it is a satisfactory method for use in the identification of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus.