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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a neoplasm type often diagnosed in dogs. However, studies focused on further investigating its molecular biology, mainly biomarkers to help implementing new therapies, remain scare in the literature. Thus, immunostaining and the gene expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (HER1 and HER2) in canine cSCC presenting different cell differentiation degrees were herein assessed. Thirty-two (32) canine cSCC were selected, classified based on to their cell differentiation degree and subjected to immunohistochemical study to assess HER1 and HER2 immunostaining intensity and distribution. In addition, HER1 and HER2 gene expression was investigated through real-time PCR. Membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining were observed in both markers. HER2 prevailed in poorly differentiated cSCC; there was positive protein expression correlation between both markers. Mean HER1 gene expression was higher in moderately differentiated, whereas mean HER2 gene expression was higher in poorly differentiated cSCC. Moreover, there was gene expression correlation between markers, regardless of cell differentiation degree. Thus, HER2 protein immunostaining and gene expression were higher in poorly differentiated canine cSCC and it enabled understanding that increase observed in this epidermal growth factor receptor is proportional to this neoplasm's cell differentiation degree in canine species. Results in the current study helped better understanding canine cSCC's molecular biology; however, it is relevant studying other markers aiming to investigate signaling pathways.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Doenças do Cão , Receptores ErbB , Imuno-Histoquímica , Receptor ErbB-2 , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/genética , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterináriaRESUMO
Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli are implicated in human and animal infections and require antimicrobial treatment in many situations. Faecal samples of healthy white-lipped peccaries (Pecari tajacu) (n = 30) and collared peccaries (Tayassu pecari ) (n = 60) obtained in three farms located in the Midwest Brazil. The antimicrobial profiles of commensal E. coli from P. tajacu and T. pecari from commercial herds in Brazil were isolated and analyzed and virulence genes were detected. Among 90 healthy animals, no Salmonella spp. were isolated. However, 30 samples (27%) tested positive for E. coli, with 18 isolates from P. tajacu and 12 from T. pecari, representing frequencies of 58.0% and 38.7%, respectively. Additionally, other Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria were detected but not included in this analysis. However, individual samples from 30 animals tested positive for E. coli, of which 16 were isolated from P. tajacu presenting multidrug resistance and six were isolated from T. pecari presenting a similar pattern. The E. coli virulence genes detected were papC (pilus-associated pyelonephritis) in five isolates, tsh (temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin) in one isolate, and eae (enteric attachment and effacement) in one isolate. The serum resistance gene, iss (increased serum survival), was detected in four isolates. An association between these genes and the presence of hemolysin was also observed in one isolate. Thus, T. pecari and P. tajacu are potential reservoirs of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant and E. coli. Faecal E. coli of healthy P. tajacu and T. pecari could act as a possible reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in environment.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Artiodáctilos , Escherichia coli , Fezes , Salmonella , Fatores de Virulência , Animais , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Escherichia coli/classificação , Salmonella/genética , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/patogenicidade , Salmonella/classificação , Brasil , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Artiodáctilos/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Virulência/genética , Prevalência , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Microbial resistance to antibiotics poses a significant threat to both human and animal health, necessitating international efforts to mitigate this issue. This study aimed to assess the resistance profiles of Salmonella sp. isolates and identify the presence of intl1, sul1, and blaTEM resistance genes within antigenically characterized isolates, including Agona, Livingstone, Cerro, Schwarzengrund, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype O:4.5, Anatum, Enteritidis, Johannesburg, Corvallis, and Senftenberg. These isolates underwent susceptibility testing against 14 antibiotics. The highest resistance percentages were noted for sulfamethoxazole (91%), sulfonamides (51%), and ceftiofur (28.9%), while no resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. Salmonella Johannesburg and Salmonella Corvallis showed resistance to one antibiotic, whereas other serovars were resistant to at least two. Salmonella Schwarzengrund exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics. The intl1 gene was detected in six out of the ten serovars, and the sul1 gene in three, always co-occurring with intl1. The blaTEM gene was not identified. Our findings highlight the risk posed by the detected multiple resistances and genes to animal, human, and environmental health. The multidrug resistance, especially to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, highlights the need for stringent monitoring of Salmonella in laying hens. The potential of the environment, humans, eggs, and their products to act as vectors for antibiotic resistance represents a significant concern for One Health.
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OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of an educational intervention about airway obstructions and an airway clearing technique in teachers from Municipal Child Education Centers in a municipality in western Paraná. METHOD: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study. Data was collectedusing a questionnaire with thirty questions to assess knowledge about the subject. For the analyses, the chi-square and McNemar tests were used, withanα = 5% of significance. RESULTS: After the training sessions, there was a 16.22% increase in the number of correct answers to the questions dealing with the recognition of the obstruction (<0.0001) and the airway clearance technique (<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The intervention improved the knowledge of early childhood teachers in the municipality regarding the identification of airway obstruction and techniquesairway clearing in school-age children.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escolaridade , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
In this bioremediation study, the fungus Penicillium sp. isolated from kefir grains was evaluated for its resistance to copper in the culture medium. Penicillium sp. was cultivated in liquid medium prepared using 2% malt-agar at pH 7.0. Biomass of the fungus was significantly reduced, but only when 800 mg·L-1 of Cu(NO3)2 copper nitrate was used. The effect on radial growth of the fungus in experiments combining different pH values and the inorganic contaminant showed an inhibition of 73% at pH 4.0, 75% at pH 7.0 and 77% at pH 9.0 in liquid medium. Thus, even though the growth of Penicillium sp. could be inhibited with relatively high doses of copper nitrate, images obtained with scanning electron microscopy showed the preservation of fungal cell integrity. Therefore, it can be concluded that Penicillium sp. isolated from kefir grains can survive while performing bioremediation to minimize the negative effects of copper on the environment through biosorption.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the effect of an educational intervention about airway obstructions and an airway clearing technique in teachers from Municipal Child Education Centers in a municipality in western Paraná. Method: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study. Data was collectedusing a questionnaire with thirty questions to assess knowledge about the subject. For the analyses, the chi-square and McNemar tests were used, withanα = 5% of significance. Results: After the training sessions, there was a 16.22% increase in the number of correct answers to the questions dealing with the recognition of the obstruction (<0.0001) and the airway clearance technique (<0.0001). Conclusion: The intervention improved the knowledge of early childhood teachers in the municipality regarding the identification of airway obstruction and techniquesairway clearing in school-age children.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre la obstrucción de las vías aéreas y una técnica de desobstrucción en docentes de Centros Municipales de Educación Infantil de un municipio del oeste de Paraná. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental del tipo pre y postest. Se recolectó a los datos a través de un cuestionario con treinta preguntas para evaluar el conocimiento sobre el tema. Para los análisis se utilizaron las pruebas chi-cuadrado y McNemar, con α = 5% de significación. Resultados: Después del entrenamiento, hubo un aumento del 16,22% en el número de respuestas correctas a las preguntas relacionadas con el reconocimiento de la obstrucción (<0,0001) y la técnica de desobstrucción de la vía aérea (<0,0001). Conclusión: La intervención mejoró el conocimiento de los docentes de los centros municipales de educación infantil en cuanto a la identificación y técnica de desobstrucción de las vías respiratorias en niños en edad escolar.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa sobre a obstrução de vias aéreas e a técnica de desobstrução, em professores de Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de um município do Oeste do Paraná. Método: Estudo quase-experimental do tipo pré e pós-teste. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário com trinta questões para avaliar o conhecimento sobre a temática. Para as análises utilizou-se os testes de Qui-quadrado e McNemar, com α = 5% de significância. Resultados: Após o treinamento, houve o aumento de 16,22% no número de acertos das questões que tratavam do reconhecimento da obstrução (<0,0001) e da técnica de desobstrução das vias aéreas (<0,0001). Conclusão: A intervenção melhorou o conhecimento dos professores dos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil, quanto a identificação e a técnica de desobstrução das vias aéreas em crianças de idade escolar.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the spatial association and relative risk (RR) of leprosy cases diagnosed in southern Brazil and in the Argentinean province of Misiones during 2010 to 2016. METHODS: This ecological-type epidemiological study analyzed data from the Health Ministries of both countries. The analysis included frequency measures, spatial autocorrelation, RR cluster analysis and map construction. RESULTS: A hyperendemic occurrence was identified in all study regions, in the state of Paraná 71.2% of the municipalities were hyperendemic and in Misiones, Argentina 41.2%. The GI* statistical analysis showed clusters of high incidence rates in the state of Paraná and low-risk clusters in much of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, both in Brazil. The analysis indicated an area with RR equal to 3.87 - (p < .0001) when considering the entire territory and an RR of 2.80 - (p < .0001) excluding the state of Paraná, with the number of departments of Misiones, Argentina included in the risk clusters increasing significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a high probability of similar illness in adjacent areas, according to their relative position in space, as the occurrence of the disease is influenced by neighboring clusters.
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Hanseníase , Mariposas , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Análise EspacialRESUMO
Diversos aspectos influenciam o baixo nível de adesão dos pacientes oncológicos ao tratamento, que é de cerca de 48%. Em um contexto típico, esse número já justifica enormes preocupações, quanto mais durante a pandemia do vírus SARS-CoV-2. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar como a pandemia de covid-19 influenciou o seguimento terapêutico dos pacientes oncológicos e quais foram as medidas implementadas para garanti-lo. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, na qual se realizou uma procura no PubMed com dois pesquisadores independentes. Dos 161 artigos encontrados, vinte foram incluídos após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão e análise crítica. Foram identificados em muitos estudos a adesão à telemedicina e o uso de recursos digitais, a testagem sistemática e a triagem de sintomas para covid-19. Além disso, constataram-se medidas de distanciamento social dentro dos centros de saúde, reorganização do espaço comum e alteração na frequência das sessões de quimioterapia. Em um contexto global, o medo e a ansiedade foram relatados pelos pacientes em tratamento. Portanto, identificou-se que inicialmente a pandemia de covid-19 comprometeu a adesão terapêutica, exigindo adequações dos setores de saúde para garantir a segurança dos pacientes oncológicos e permitir o seguimento da terapêutica de forma correta.
Several aspects influence cancer patients' low level of treatment adherence, which is around 48%. In a typical context, this number already warrants huge concern, let alone during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. Hence, this integrative literature review sought to identify how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the therapeutic follow-up of cancer patients and which measures were implemented to ensure it. Bibliographic search was conducted by two independent researchers on the PubMed database. Of the 161 articles identified, twenty were included after applying the exclusion criteria and critical analysis. Many studies observed adherence to telemedicine and digital resources, systematic testing and symptom screening for COVID-19. Moreover, social distancing measures within health centers, reorganization of common spaces, and changes in the frequency of chemotherapy sessions were also noted. Overall, patients undergoing treatment reported experiencing fear and anxiety. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic initially compromised treatment adherence, requiring adjustments in health services to ensure patient safety and allow the correct follow-up of therapy.
Varios aspectos influyen en el bajo nivel de adherencia al tratamiento de los pacientes oncológicos, que llega a casi el 48%. En un contexto típico, este número ya genera grandes preocupaciones, y mucho más durante la pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cómo influyó la pandemia del COVID-19 en el tratamiento de los pacientes oncológicos y qué medidas se implementaron para garantizarlo. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, en la que se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, con dos investigadores independientes. De los 161 artículos encontrados, 20 fueron incluidos después de aplicar los criterios de exclusión y análisis crítico. En muchos estudios se observaron la adherencia a la telemedicina y los recursos digitales, las pruebas sistemáticas y la detección de síntomas del COVID-19. Además, se constataron medidas de distancia social dentro de los centros de salud, reorganización de espacios comunes y cambios en la frecuencia de las sesiones de quimioterapia. El miedo y la ansiedad fueron relatados por los pacientes en tratamiento. Así, se identificó que inicialmente la pandemia del COVID-19 comprometió el tratamiento, requiriendo ajustes en los sectores de salud para garantizar la seguridad de los pacientes oncológicos y permitir el seguimiento de la terapia adecuada.
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HumanosRESUMO
An enzymatic extract from Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 was produced by Solid State Fermentation (SSF) in aerated columns, using wheat bran as substrate. A combination of extracts produced using three different process conditions varying temperature, pH and aeration formed the final extract (Mixture). The Mixture was concentrated by an ultrafiltration process that partially purified and provided an efficient recovery of the enzymatic activities of xylanase (88.89%), polygalacturonase (89.3%), ß-glucosidase (93.15%), protease (98.68%) and carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) (98.93%). SDS-PAGE analysis showed 15 visible protein bands in the crude and concentrated Mixture with molecular weights ranging from 15.1 to 104.6 kDa. Thin layer chromatography confirmed the effective action of ß-glucosidase and xylanase hydrolysis activities over cellobiose and xylan, respectively. A central composite design (CCD) with two variables and four replicates at the center points was used to determine the optimal temperature and pH for CMCase and ß-glucosidase. The optimal temperature was 78.9 °C and pH 3.8 for CMCase and 52.8 °C and pH 4.8 for ß-glucosidase, respectively.
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Aspergillus niger , beta-Glucosidase , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Fermentação , beta-Glucosidase/metabolismo , Temperatura , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to tissue complications resulting from insulin therapy. METHOD: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in a capital of northeastern Brazil. A semi-structured form and an observation guide were applied to assess the performance of insulin preparation and administration techniques. Descriptive statistics, association test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Most participants were female (74.2%), aged between 51 and 70 years (50.0%), and had nine to eleven years of education (36.7%). The presence of some type of local complication in 73.5% of the participants and the failure to rotate the injection sites in 82.3% are highlighted. Being single/widowed and not rotating insulin application sites were related to local complications and increased the chances of their occurrence by 3.51 and 6.70 times, respectively. CONCLUSION: Marital status and nonrotation of injection site were related to the increased chances of tissue complications resulting from insulin therapy.