RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a common practice in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, the role of oxygenation (OI) and ventilation (VI) indices regarding the time on IMV has not been fully understood. BASIC PROCEDURES: The study was conducted with infants up to 24 months of age, hospitalized in PICU for two consecutive years. The values of ventilatory parameters, OI, VI, and blood gas of infants, collected in the first seven days in IMV, were associated with the time on IMV. IMV was classified into: short (≤seven days) and long time (>seven days). The comparison was made from the first to the seventh day. Alpha=0.05. MAIN FINDINGS: Of 142 infants [mean age=7.51±6.33 months], 59 (41.5%) remained on IMV for a short time and 83 (58.5%) for a long time. Differences in PaO2 values were found on the second day, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio on the second, third and fourth days, with higher values in the short-term IMV. For FiO2 from the second to the fifth day; Pinsp from the first to the seventh day; PEEP from the second to the sixth day; mechanical respiratory frequency from the second to the seventh day, PaCO2 on the second day; Paw from the first to the seventh day, OI from the second to the sixth day, and VI from the first to the seventh day, the values were higher in the long-term IMV. CONCLUSIONS: The OI and VI can be considered as potential predictors of long-term IMV, along with other markers obtained during the IMV.
RESUMO
Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos de cascas e folhas de uma notável árvore da Caatinga (semi-árido brasileiro), usado em remédios populares, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada através do método de captação pelo DPPH, enquanto a atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em ágar seguido pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CMI). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os extratos de Z. joazeiro possuem atividade antioxidante com EC50 de 461,88 e 1.743,05mg/mL para as folhas e casca, respectivamente. As amostras foram ativas contra 70% das bactérias testadas. O extrato de folhas mostrou CMI entre 0,25-0,5 mg/mL contra Micrococcus luteus e entre 0,125-0,250 mg/mL contra Mycobacterium smegmatis, enquanto o extrato da casca apresentou CMI entre 0,5-1,0 mg /ml M. smegmatis.
The objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extracts of the bark and leaves of a notable tree of the caatinga (Brazilian semiarid scrubland) used in many popular remedies, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH free-radical scavenging assay, while the antimicrobial activity, against a range of Gram positive and negative bacteria and a yeast, was determined by the agar disk diffusion method, followed by an assay of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that both extracts of Z. joazeiro have antioxidant activity, the EC50 of leaf extract being 461.88 and that of bark 1743.05 mg/mL, with respect to DPPH absorbance in a standard assay. Samples were active against 70% of the bacterial species tested. The leaf extract showed MICs of 0.25-0.5 mg/mL against Micrococcus luteus and 0.125-0.250 mg/mL against Mycobacterium smegmatis, while the bark extract showed a MIC of 0.5-1.0 mg/mL against M. smegmatis.