RESUMO
This prospective longitudinal study assessed the 3D soft tissue changes following mandibular advancement surgery. Cranial base registration was performed for superimposition of virtual models built from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes. Displacements at the soft and hard tissue chin (n = 20), lower incisors and lower lip (n = 21) were computed for presurgery to splint removal (4-6-week surgical outcome), presurgery to 1 year postsurgery (1-year surgical outcome), and splint removal to 1 year postsurgery (postsurgical adaptation). Qualitative evaluations of color maps illustrated the surgical changes and postsurgical adaptations, but only the lower lip showed statistically significant postsurgical adaptations. Soft and hard tissue chin changes were significantly correlated for each of the intervals evaluated: presurgery to splint removal (r = 0.92), presurgery to 1 year postsurgery (r = 0.86), and splint removal to 1 year postsurgery (r = 0.77). A statistically significant correlation between lower incisor and lower lip was found only between presurgery and 1 year postsurgery (r = 0.55). At 1 year after surgery, 31% of the lower lip changes were explained by changes in the lower incisor position while 73% of the soft tissue chin changes were explained by the hard chin. This study suggests that 3D soft tissue response to mandibular advancement surgery is markedly variable.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Face/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento Tridimensional , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/cirurgia , Avanço Mandibular , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adulto , Cefalometria/métodos , Queixo/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Lábio/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Base do Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Técnica de Subtração , Resultado do Tratamento , Interface Usuário-Computador , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of small ruminants to anthelmintics has required the investigation of new alternatives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of an aqueous extract from sisal waste (Agave sisalana) (AESW) against GINs in goats and to observe the animals for toxic effects. Thirty animals that were naturally infected with GINs were distributed into three groups: group I, was treated with daily doses of AESW (1.7 g/kg) for eight days; Group II, the positive control, was treated with a single dose of levamisole phosphate (6.3mg/kg); and group III, the negative control, was left untreated. Faecal eggs counts (FECs), coprocultures and post-mortem worm counts were performed to assess the efficacy of the treatments. Clinical and laboratory analyses were performed to evaluate any toxic effects associated with the treatment. In the goats in groups I and II, a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the number of eggs and infective larvae (L(3)) was observed. The maximum reductions of the FECs were 50.3% and 93.6% for groups I and II, respectively, whereas the percent reductions of the total number of L(3) larvae were 80% (group I) and 85.6% (group II). There was no difference between groups I and III with respect to worm burden, and the percent reductions were 28.8% and 63.4% for Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, respectively. No reduction was detected for the Haemonchus contortus. The positive control group demonstrated a 74% reduction of the parasites that were recovered from the digestive tract. There were no changes in clinical and haematological parameters. The levels of serum urea and creatinine were higher in group I, but remained within the normal range. At necropsy, pale mucous membranes, abomasitis and enteritis were associated with parasitism. In addition, a histological analysis of the liver and kidney did not reveal any changes suggestive of toxicity. A chemical analysis of the AESW demonstrated the presence of saponins, which after acid-hydrolyses reaction, gave the sapogenins hecogenin and tigogenin. The AESW had a low efficacy for the parasitic stages and was moderately effective against eggs and free-living stages. Furthermore, the treatment was not toxic to the goats.
Assuntos
Agave/química , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/química , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Cabras , Masculino , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of homeopathic treatment on control of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. Twenty lambs were randomized to three treatments: treated with the homeopathic medicines, Ferrum phosphoricum, Arsenicum album and Calcarea carbonica; treated with a conventional antihelminthic, doramectin, and an untreated control group. Fecal and blood samples were taken from each animal on days 18, 38 and 68 after start of treatment. A significant reduction in number of H. contortus larvae (p<0.01) was observed for animals in the homeopathic treatment group compared to the control group. Fecal egg counts showed negative correlation between haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations in the homeopathic treatment group (p<0.01); however, the biochemical and immunological parameters showed better correlation, indicating that the homeopathic medicine improved vital functions. Daily weight gain in the homeopathic treatment group was superior to the control and to the antihelminthic groups, 31 and 6.5%, respectively. The cost benefit analysis confirmed that homeopathy group increases economic trend when compared with the other groups.
Assuntos
Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Hemoncose/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoncose/veterinária , Materia Medica/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Animais , Fezes/parasitologia , Haemonchus , Homeopatia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Distribuição Aleatória , Carneiro Doméstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Neospora caninum naturally infects many mammal species, but has not previously been demonstrated in birds. We examined sera for N. caninum antibodies from 200 outdoor chickens and from 200 chickens confined indoors in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Seroprevalence was greater in outdoor chickens (23.5% versus 1.5%, P<0.001). PCR testing for N. caninum was positive in six of 10 seropositive chickens. Amplicons from two of these were sequenced and had 97-98% nucleotide identity with N. caninum. This finding extends the list of intermediate hosts of N. caninum to include birds and may have important epidemiological consequences.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Galinhas/parasitologia , Coccidiose/transmissão , Neospora/fisiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Aves/parasitologia , Brasil , Galinhas/imunologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Neospora/genética , Neospora/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasma/fisiologiaRESUMO
Neospora caninum infection provokes neurological disorders, recurrent abortion and death in dogs and cattle. Dogs are both intermediate and definitive host of N. caninum. Thus, the development of sensitive and specific immunoassays to diagnose canine neosporosis is essential to control this disease. This work investigated serum anti-neosporal IgG and IgE antibodies in 140 dogs represented by 30 healthy animals (group I), 11 dogs showing acute N. caninum infection (group II), 50 urban dogs with serological evidence of canine neosporosis in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (group III) and 49 urban dogs without clinical and laboratory evidences of neosporosis (group IV). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western immunoblotting, both using a soluble N. caninum tachyzoite antigen (SNA), investigated these two isotypes of antibodies, while a Urea-ELISA measured the avidity of the IgG antibodies. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were also investigated in the animals. Anti-neosporal IgG was found in all animals from groups II and III, whereas 32.7% (16/49) of dogs from group IV were reactive. IgG antibodies of low avidity were demonstrated in dogs from group II (median 35.3%), while animals from groups III and IV had IgG antibodies of high avidity (medians of 61.5% and 61.7% respectively). IgE antibodies were found in four (13.3%) and five (16.6%) dogs from groups III and IV respectively. Dogs presenting acute infection (group II) or chronic infection (group III) had IgG antibodies to several neosporal antigens, mainly of 29-30 and 35 kDa, while 13 of 16 dogs from group IV recognized antigens from 14 to 170 kDa. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 36 of 50 (72%) sera from group III and 25 of 49 (51%) sera from group IV. We concluded that IgG-ELISA and Urea-ELISA with SNA may substitute for IFAT in both laboratory routine and epidemiological studies of canine neosporosis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Neospora/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/química , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Western Blotting/veterinária , Coccidiose/sangue , Coccidiose/diagnóstico , Coccidiose/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Peso Molecular , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The frequency of antibodies to Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in dog sera was investigated. Blood samples from 100 mongrel dogs, captured in the streets of São Luís, State of Maranhão, were analized using imunofluorescent antibody test. Forty five percent of the dogs were positive, and the titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:800. No sex difference was observed for frequency of N. caninum (60% in males and 40% in females). This is the first report of antibodies to N. caninum in dogs from Maranhão.(AU)
Assuntos
Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Anticorpos/análise , Anticorpos/isolamento & purificação , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , CãesRESUMO
The frequency of antibodies to Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in dog sera was investigated. Blood samples from 100 mongrel dogs, captured in the streets of São Luís, State of Maranhão, were analized using imunofluorescent antibody test. Forty five percent of the dogs were positive, and the titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:800. No sex difference was observed for frequency of N. caninum (60 percent in males and 40 percent in females). This is the first report of antibodies to N. caninum in dogs from Maranhão.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/análise , Anticorpos/isolamento & purificação , Cães , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodosRESUMO
The protozoan Neospora caninum has a veterinary importance because it causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular alterations in dogs. We infected rat astrocytes, in vitro, with different concentrations of N. caninum. Astrocytes responded to infection by producing the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and the neurotoxic-free radical NO, 24 and 72 h post-infection. These data suggest that astrocytes, which are essential for brain function, are targets for the parasite and this represents a practical and valid model to study the effects of N. caninum on the CNS.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/parasitologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/parasitologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Coccidiose/imunologia , Neospora/imunologia , Animais , Astrócitos/imunologia , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/imunologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Nitritos/metabolismo , Ratos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Células VeroRESUMO
The proteinogram of six 12 month-old Alpine goats, intensively raised and naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites, was evaluated. Blood and feces samples of each animal were monthly collected. Total serum protein and their fractions were determined by agarose gel eletrophoresis, using Tris buffer, pH 9.2. The identified protein fractions were albumin, alfa-globulin, beta1-globulin, beta2-globulin and gama-globulin, whose average and standard deviation (g/dl) were, respectively: 2.35±0.39, 0.69±0.36, 0.70±0.08, 0.48±0.08 and 1.52±0.41. It was not observed significative correlation (P>0.05), according to the Spearman non-parametric test, either between the Strongyloides eggs count per gram of feces or the Haemonchus spp. larval count per gram of feces and the fraction electrophorectly variable.(AU)
Assuntos
Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , CabrasRESUMO
The proteinogram of six 12 month-old Alpine goats, intensively raised and naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites, was evaluated. Blood and feces samples of each animal were monthly collected. Total serum protein and their fractions were determined by agarose gel eletrophoresis, using Tris buffer, pH 9.2. The identified protein fractions were albumin, alfa-globulin, beta1-globulin, beta2-globulin and gama-globulin, whose average and standard deviation (g/dl) were, respectively: 2.35±0.39, 0.69±0.36, 0.70±0.08, 0.48±0.08 and 1.52±0.41. It was not observed significative correlation (P>0.05), according to the Spearman non-parametric test, either between the Strongyloides eggs count per gram of feces or the Haemonchus spp. larval count per gram of feces and the fraction electrophorectly variable.