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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model. METHODS: A microcosm biofilm model was used to generate a caries lesion on human dentin. Pooled human saliva diluted with glycerol was used as an inoculum on specimens immersed on McBain artificial saliva enriched with 1 % sucrose (24 h at 37 °C in 5 % CO2). After refreshing culture media for 7 days, the dentin specimens were divided in 5 groups (3 specimens per group, in triplicate; n = 9): C (NaCl 0.9 %), CX (2 % chlorhexidine), PKI (0.01 % methylene blue photosensitizer+50 mM KI), L (laser at 15 J, 180 s, 22.7 J/cm2), and PKIL (methylene blue + KI + Laser). After the treatments, dentin was collected, and a 10-fold serial dilution was performed. The number of total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans was analyzed by microbial counts (CFU/mL). After normality and homoscedasticity analysis, the Welch's ANOVA and Dunnett's tests were used for CFU. All tests used a 5 % significance level. RESULTS: CX and PKIL groups showed significant bacterial decontamination of dentin, compared to group C (p < 0.05) reaching reductions up to 3.8 log10 for CX for all microorganisms' groups and PKIL showed 0.93, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.22 log10 for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans, respectively. CONCLUSION: aPDT mediated by the association of KI and methylene blue with red laser reduced the viability of microorganisms from carious dentin and could be a promising option for cavity decontamination.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Cárie Dentária , Dentina , Azul de Metileno , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Iodeto de Potássio , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Azul de Metileno/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Dentina/microbiologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Iodeto de Potássio/farmacologia , Iodeto de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Técnicas In Vitro , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Saliva Artificial , LasersRESUMO
Los sesgos cognitivos son un constructo que acuñaron Kahneman & Tveysky (1972) en su Enfoque de Sesgos dentro de la Psicología Cognitiva. Estos son atajos intelectuales que realizan siempre las personas, desde un razonamiento probabilístico intuitivo. El presente trabajo es una primera aproximación que intenta aplicar y describir algunos sesgos cognitivos en el complejo mundo de las representaciones mentales en la experiencia dolorosa, como la ilusión de control; del presente; la confirmación; representatividad; disponibilidad, entre otros. Los sesgos en dolor nos permiten comprender el procesamiento de información frente al dolor y utilizar estrategias comunicacionales más efectivas para su abordaje.
Cognitive biases are a construct coined by Kahneman & Tveysky (1972) in their Approach to Biases in Cognitive Psychology. These are intellectual shortcuts that people always carry out, from an intuitive probabilistic reasoning. An attempt is made to apply and describe some cognitive biases in the complex world of mental representations in the painful experience, like the illusion of control; of the present; the confirmation; representativeness; availability among others. Biases in pain allow us to understand the processing of information in the face of pain and use more effective communication strategies to address it.
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Humanos , Dor Crônica , Psicologia Cognitiva , Pensamento , Viés , IntuiçãoRESUMO
Mexico is an endemic region for dengue virus (DENV). The increase in this disease coincides with outbreaks of COVID-19, both of which are single-stranded positive RNA viruses. These characteristics make it difficult to distinguish each disease because they share clinical and laboratory features, which can consequently result in misdiagnoses. This is why the use of precision confirmatory tests (qRT-PCR) are crucial for early diagnosis. We herein report a pediatric patient who presented a coinfection for DENV and COVID-19, "SARS-CoV-2/Dengue". This patient initially presented a fever, cough, and headache and, three days later, developed generalized pain and epistaxis. Blood studies revealed thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and the patient was admitted to the hospital for a probable DENV infection. Within 48 h, qRT-PCR tests specific for SARS-CoV-2 and DENV were performed and resulted as positive. The patient immediately received pharmacological treatment with azithromycin, oseltamivir, and metamizole. During hospitalization (9 days), the patient had no signs of respiratory distress and maintained normal body temperature and normal blood oxygen saturation. This case warns of the need for early diagnosis and adequate clinical and pharmacological management in the face of a "SARS-CoV-2/Dengue" coinfection. Early molecular detection of both viruses and timely treatment helped the patient to achieve a favorable recovery.
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Summary: We present the case of a 23-year-old patient with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY 3) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). There is no known correlation between MODY 3 and POI, although POI can impair glucose metabolism, and MODY can cause microvascular complications such as POI. We did not find literature describing a correlation between these two pathologies nor did we find similar cases described in the literature. Learning points: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY 3) is an infrequent cause of diabetes that should be considered in young patients with atypical presentation of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. MODY 3 can be associated with microvascular complications of diabetes, which is why it is important to diagnose as early as possible. Impairment of glucose metabolism has been demonstrated in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency and menopause.
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Production of biofuels and other value-added products from lignocellulose breakdown requires the coordinated metabolic activity of varied microorganisms. The increasing global demand for biofuels encourages the development and optimization of production strategies. Optimization in turn requires a thorough understanding of the microbial mechanisms and metabolic pathways behind the formation of each product of interest. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a bottleneck in its industrial use and often affects yield efficiency. The accessibility of the biomass to the microorganisms is the key to the release of sugars that are then taken up as substrates and subsequently transformed into the desired products. While the effects of different metabolic intermediates in the overall production of biofuel and other relevant products have been studied, the role of proteins and their activity under anaerobic conditions has not been widely explored. Shifts in enzyme production may inform the state of the microorganisms involved; thus, acquiring insights into the protein production and enzyme activity could be an effective resource to optimize production strategies. The application of proteomic analysis is currently a promising strategy in this area. This review deals on the aspects of enzymes and proteomics of bioprocesses of biofuels production using lignocellulosic biomass as substrate.
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Bactérias Anaeróbias/metabolismo , Biocombustíveis/microbiologia , Biomassa , Lignina/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteômica/métodos , Anaerobiose , Bactérias Anaeróbias/classificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias/enzimologia , Celulases/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Oxigenases/metabolismoRESUMO
Las lesiones de la región nasofrontal en los niños son un reto diagnóstico debido a su rareza, y su potencial comunicación con el sistema nervioso central también aumenta su complicaciones. Dentro de las principales entidades de esta región se encuentran los quistes dermoides, los gliomas nasales y los encefaloceles. Un abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico inapropiado podría generar desde simples recurrencias hasta fistulas e infecciones en el sistema nervioso central, que podrían contribuir a mayores complicaciones o incluso, poner en riesgo la vida de los pacientes.
Injuries to the naso-frontal region in children are a diagnostic challenge, associated with their rarity, their complexity also implies their potential communication with the central nervous system. Dermoid cysts, nasal gliomas, and encephaloceles are among the main entities in this region. An inappropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach could generate from simple recurrences (as in our case), to fistulas and infections of the central nervous system that could contribute to greater complications or even put the lives of patients at risk.
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Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Neoplasias Nasais/diagnóstico , Cisto Dermoide/diagnóstico , Nariz/anormalidades , Neoplasias Nasais/cirurgia , Cisto Dermoide/cirurgiaRESUMO
Paciente masculino portador de hipertesión pulmonar severa refractaria a tratamiento médico, sometido a trasplante bipulmonar durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Para disminuir el riesgo de contagio se realizaron todas las medidas de prevención actualmente recomendadas, con especial énfasis en el uso del equipo de protección personal, contribuyendo de esta forma con el éxito terapéutico alcanzado.
Male patient with severe pulmonary hypertension refractory to medical treatment who underwent a double-lung transplant during the SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Buenos Aires. In order to reduce the risk of contagion all the currently recommended prevention measures were adopted, especially the use of personal protective equipment, thus contributing to the resultant therapeutic success.
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Humanos , Transplante de Pulmão , Infecções por Coronavirus , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Pandemias , Hipertensão Pulmonar , PulmãoRESUMO
Actualmente no es sólito tener pacientes con síntomas causados por la implicación de las amígdalas linguales y que pasemos por alto su sospecha. Los signos y síntomas que pueden presentar los pacientes son variados, desde el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (síntoma más común) y disfagia hasta tos crónica mal abordada y, por lo mismo, tratada inadecuadamente. Presentamos los casos clínicos de dos pacientes con hipertrofia de amígdalas linguales y una revisión narrativa del tema.
Currently, it is not unusual to have patients with symptoms due to the involvement of lingual tonsils and let us go unnoticed their suspicion. The signs and symptoms that patients may present are varied, from giving obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (the most common symptom) dysphagia to poorly treated and poorly treated chronic cough. We present the clinical cases of two patients with hypertrophy of the lingual tonsils and a narrative review of the subject.
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Humanos , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono , Diagnóstico , HipertrofiaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine neoplasm; therefore, markers with possible prognostic utility have been evaluated. Objective: To analyze the presence of RET/PTC1 rearrangement, lymphocytic thyroiditis and associated clinical features in patients with papillary thyroid cancer treated at the Hospital de San José in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: Clinical records of patients with complete thyroidectomy and diagnosis of papillary cancer were retrospectively identified. RNA was extracted from tumor tissue, and cDNA was obtained using inverse transcriptase to detect the rearrangement of the RET/PTC1 gene by means of qPCR. Results: 55 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were selected; 93% were females, and the mean age was 45.8 years. The most frequent histological variant was classic (49%). A relationship was found between lymphocytic thyroiditis and the number of positive nodes in segments other than central draining, as well as thyroiditis and antithyroid antibody value. No RET/PTC1 rearrangement expression was found. Conclusions: A relationship between lymphocytic thyroiditis and the number of positive nodes in segments other than central draining was found. Other molecular markers should be searched to differentiate the prognosis of these patients.
Resumen Introducción. El carcinoma papilar de tiroides es la neoplasia endocrina más común, por lo que se han evaluado marcadores con posible utilidad pronóstica. Objetivo. Analizar la presencia del rearreglo del RET/PTC1, tiroiditis linfocítica y características clínicas asociadas en pacientes con cáncer papilar de tiroides en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Los casos con diagnóstico de cáncer papilar y tiroidectomía completa fueron seleccionados utilizando el registro de historias clínicas; el ARN se extrajo a partir del tejido tumoral y el ADNc se obtuvo utilizando una transcriptasa inversa para luego detectar el rearreglo del gen RET/PTC1 por medio de qPCR. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 55 pacientes con cáncer papilar de tiroides; 93% correspondió a género femenino, la edad promedio fue de 45.8 años y la variante histológica más frecuente fue la clásica (49%). Se evidenció una relación entre tiroiditis linfocítica y la cantidad de ganglios positivos en segmentos distintos al vaciamiento central, así como la tiroiditis y el valor de los anticuerpos antitiroideos. No se identificó la expresión del rearreglo RET/PTC1 en las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones. Se muestra una relación entre tiroiditis linfocítica y la cantidad de ganglios positivos en segmentos distintos al vaciamiento central. Se debe continuar la búsqueda de otros marcadores moleculares que permitan diferenciar el pronóstico en estos pacientes.
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Introducción: la prevalencia de la osteoporosis aumenta con la edad, así como la morbimortalidad secundaria a fracturas por fragilidad impactando los costos en salud. Las estrategias creadas han mejorado la detección y manejo de las fracturas. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con fracturas por fragilidad y su manejo en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá de febrero 2015 a julio 2016, luego de establecer un programa de identificación y prevención de fracturas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se evaluaron las historias clínicas con diagnóstico de osteoporosis severa, analizando las características demográficas, clínicas y tratamiento recibido. Resultados: de 621 pacientes con diagnóstico de osteoporosis y fracturas asociadas, 184 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La edad media fue de 71.5 años (DE: 11,6). Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron radio distal 36%, vertebrales 34%, fémur proximal 18% y otras 11%. El 30% tenían diagnóstico de osteoporosis, de ellos 30% recibieron tratamiento completo antes de la fractura y 57,6% posterior. Conclusión: las fracturas por fragilidad son frecuentes en osteoporosis, aunque hay subdiagnóstico y subtratamiento. La prevención de la segunda fractura se refleja en el aumento del número de pacientes que recibieron tratamiento adecuado, demostrando la necesidad de crear programas de educación.
Introduction: the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with aging, as well as, morbidity and mortality secondary to fragility fractures, impacting costs of healthcare. New strategies have enhanced fragility fractures detection and management. Objective: to describe the clinical features of patients with fragility fractures and their management at Hospital de San José, Bogotá, from February 2015 to July 2016, after establishing a fracture identification and prevention program. Methods: a cross sectional descriptive study. Clinical records of patients diagnosed with severe osteoporosis were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results: out of 621 patients with osteoporosis-related fractures, 184 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 71.5 years (SD: 11.6). Fractures affected the distal radius in 36%, vertebrae in 34%, proximal femur in 18% and other sites in 11%. Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 30% of patients of which 30% received complete treatment for osteoporosis prior to fracture and 57.6% after fracture. Conclusions: fragility fractures are usually associated with osteoporosis, although there is underdiagnosis and under-treatment. Prevention of a future fracture is reflected in the increasing number of patients who received appropriate treatment, demonstrating the need to create education programs.