RESUMO
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in pig-fattening farms from Yucatan, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a two-stage sampling. There were 429 pigs sampled from 39 farms randomly selected. Blood samples were collected to obtain DNA and serum. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies was determined by indirect ELISA. Prevalence was estimated by diagnostic test. Potential risk factors to be included in a marginal logistic regression were tested by chi-square or Fisher. The prevalence of IgM and IgG was 92.5% (397/429) (CI 89.9-95.1%) and 95.8% (411/429) (CI 93.7-97.8%), respectively. Regarding PCR, a prevalence of 50.8% (218/429) (CI 45.9-55.6%) was found. The logistic regression showed an association with herd size and type of feeder (P < 0.05). The risk of a case in farms with ≤400 pigs was 27.9 times higher than in farms with >400 pigs. The manual feeder was a significant protective factor associated with the seropositive against T. gondii. Results indicate a high circulation of T. gondii in pig-fattening farms from Yucatan, finding an increased risk of infection for those farms with less than 400 animals and automatic feeders.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Animais , México , Fatores de Risco , Suínos/sangue , Suínos/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/patogenicidade , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A study was conducted in order to detect the presence of Salmonella spp in fattening pigs, to identify the serogroups present and to determine the sensibility to the antibiotics more used in the region. The farm was a breeding farm of a multiple-site system. Of the total farrowings of a week, 55 sows and one piglet from each sow were selected. All pigs were negative to Salmonella spp. at the star of the study. Piglets were monitored from day two of age (six times; every 23 days approximately) up to finishing (23 weeks of age). Samples of feces (1 g/animal) were collected directly from the pig's rectum. The first positive pig was found at the second sampling (25 days) and the highest number of positive cases in the fifth sampling (117 days). The cumulative incidence was 52.7%. Thirty-four out of the 40 Salmonellas isolated corresponded to the B serogroup and 6 to the C2 serogroup. The serotypes found in the B serogroup were: S. typhimurium (28/34) and S. agona (6/34). Regarding serogroup C2 these were: S. romanby and S ajiobo. Salmonella spp B serogroup included three of the serotypes more commonly isolated in humans: S. typhimurium, S. agona and S. heidelberg.