RESUMO
In recent years, particularly following the definition of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have gained considerable attention, capturing the interest of both the scientific community and policymakers committed to addressing urban environmental issues. However, the need for studies to guide decision-makers in identifying suitable locations for NBS implementation within urban stormwater management is evident. To address this gap, the present study employs a methodological approach grounded in multi-criteria analysis integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify areas with potential for NBS implementation. In this process, ten NBS were proposed and tested in the drainage area of a shallow tropical urban lake in Londrina, southern Brazil. Additionally, the study investigates areas hosting lower-income populations, a relevant aspect for public managers given the diverse economic subsidies required to implement NBS. Furthermore, the study incorporates a preliminary analysis that evaluates the potential ecosystem benefits to determine the most suitable NBS for a specific site. The result shows that all the ten analyzed NBS were deemed suitable for the study area. Rain barrels had the highest percentage coverage in the study area (37.1%), followed by tree pits (27.9%), and rain gardens (25.4%). Despite having the highest distribution in the basin area, rain barrels exhibited only moderate ecosystem benefits, prompting the prioritization of other NBS with more significant ecological advantages in the final integrated map. In summary, the methodology proposed showed to be a robust approach to selecting optimal solutions in densely populated urban areas.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Chuva , Brasil , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Ecossistema , Desenvolvimento SustentávelRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The National Registry of Healthcare Facilities is a system with the registry of every healthcare facility in Brazil with information on the capacity building and healthcare workforce regarding its public or private nature. Despite being publicly available, it can only be accessed in separated disjoint tables, with different primary units of analysis. The objective is to offer an interoperable dataset containing monthly data from 2005 to 2021 with information on healthcare facilities, including their physical and human resources, services and teams, enriched with municipal information. DATA DESCRIPTION: Database with historical data and geographic information for each health facility in Brazil. It is composed by 5 distinct tables, organized according to combinations of time, space, and types of resources, services and teams. This database opens up a range of possibilities for research topics, from case studies in a single health facility and period, analysis of a group of health facilities with characteristics of interest, to a broader study using the entire dataset and aggregated data by municipality. Furthermore, the fact that there is a row for each health facility/month/year facilitates the integration with other datasets from the Brazilian healthcare system. In addition to being a potential object of study in the health area, the dataset is also convenient in data science, especially for studies focused on time series.
Assuntos
Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Instalações de Saúde , Brasil , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Primary health care builds the backbone of an effective healthcare system and can improve population health, reduce cost growth, and lessen inequality. We offer a machine-readable and open-access dataset on primary health care coverage in Brazil from 1998 to 2020. This dataset is interoperable with epidemiological data from two major studies and reusable by the research community worldwide for other purposes, such as monitoring progress toward universal health coverage and studying the association between primary health care and health outcomes. DATA DESCRIPTION: The dataset gathers official and public information from the "e-Gestor AB" platform of the Ministry of Health of Brazil and restricted data obtained by the Brazilian Access to Information Law. It includes 1,509,870 observations and 35 attributes aggregated by months/years and policy-relevant geographic units (country, macroregions, states, municipalities, and capitals) on primary health care team count and their absolute and relative population coverage estimates, information on the More Doctors Program implementation and physician counts, and spatial, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. We automated all data processing and curation in the free and open software R. The codes can be audited, replicated, and reused to produce alternative analyses.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Médicos , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
We present a machine-readable and open-access dataset on vaccination results among children under five years old in Brazil from 1996 to 2021. This dataset is interoperable with epidemiological data from the VAX*SIM project and reusable by the research community worldwide for other purposes, such as monitoring vaccination coverage and studying its determinants and impacts on child morbidity and mortality. The dataset gathers official and public information from the Brazilian National Immunisation Program, the Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Institute for Applied Economic Research, and the Ministry of Health. It includes 2,442,863 observations and 35 attributes aggregated by years, policy-relevant geographic units (country, macroregions, states, municipalities, and capitals), and age groups on 1,344,480,329 doses of 28 vaccines aimed to prevent 15 diseases, estimates of their target-population coverage, indicators of the vaccination coverage's homogeneity, dropout rates, and spatial, demographic, and socioeconomic data. We automated all data processing and curation in the free and open software R. The codes can be audited, replicated, and reused to produce alternative analyses.
Assuntos
Vacinação , Vacinas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Brasil , Cidades , Cobertura VacinalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We present a database on Brazilian spatial, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics from 1996 to 2020. This database aims for integration and harmonization with epidemiological data from two major studies. It can also be a valuable database for designing and conducting various types of epidemiologic research, such as health inequality studies, ecological studies (mapping and time-trends), and multi-level analysis. DATA DESCRIPTION: The database gathers official information obtained via open sources from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Institute for Applied Economic Research, and the Ministry of Health. It includes 139,153 observations and 26 attributes aggregated by years and policy-relevant geographic units on geocoding of municipality centroids, total population size, child population by age-group, birth and mortality measures, Brazilian Municipal Human Development Index, Gini coefficient, Gross Domestic Product, and sanitation. We automated all data processing and curation in the free and open software R.
Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Cidades , Humanos , Densidade Demográfica , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are the most investigated indicators of maternal nutritional status, which is a modifiable factor that plays a vital role in maternal and infant health. This study describes prepregnancy BMI and GWG of 840,243 women with 2,087,765 weight observations in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System from 2008 to 2018. Prepregnancy BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization cut-offs. Total GWG was calculated from weight measurements taken after 36 weeks of pregnancy and classified according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Temporal trends in prepregnancy BMI status were examined, and maps were used to evaluate changes in excessive GWG in each Brazilian federation unit. On overall, prepregnancy overweight and obesity increased from 22.6% to 28.8% and from 9.8% to 19.8%, respectively, between 2008 and 2018. The prevalence of excessive GWG rose from 34.2% to 38.7% during the same period and in 11 of the 27 Brazilian federation units between 2008 and 2016. Women with underweight showed the highest values for mean total GWG for all the compared years (overall variation from 12.3 to 13.1 kg), followed by those with normal weight (11.9 to 12.5 kg), overweight (10.1 to 10.9 kg) and obesity (from 8.2 to 8.9 kg). Within each BMI group, values remained fairly stable throughout the studied period for first- and second-trimester GWG and total GWG. These results help to fill a significant gap in understanding the distribution of prepregnancy BMI and GWG in Brazilian women.
Assuntos
Ganho de Peso na Gestação , Complicações na Gravidez , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), and to identify factors associated with MIS-C deaths in Brazil, 2020. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, using national MIS-C monitoring data. Logistical regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Median case (n=652) age was 5 years, 57.1% were male, 52.0% were of brown race/skin color and 6.4% died. Likelihood of death was greater among those who presented O2 saturation <95% (ORa=4.35 - 95%CI 1.69;11.20) and altered urea results (ORa=5.18 - 95%CI 1.91;14.04); likelihood of death was lower when red skin blotches were not present (ORa=0.23 - 95%CI 0.09;0.62), when anticoagulants were used (ORa=0.32 - 95%CI 0.12;0.89) and when immunoglobulins were used (ORa=0.38 - 95%CI 0.15;1.01). CONCLUSION: Fatality ratios were higher among cases that presented O2 saturation <95% and altered urea results. Fatality ratios were lower among those with red skin blotches, and those who used immunoglobulins and anticoagulants.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória SistêmicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify registers of congenital anomalies with national coverage currently available around the world, highlighting their main historical and operational characteristics. METHODS: This was a documentary study by means of a Medline database search (via PubMed) and searches involving reports, official documents and websites. Studies reporting at least one national registry were included. RESULTS: 40 registers of national congenital anomalies were identified in 39 different countries. All registers included in the study were concentrated in upper-middle or high-income countries located in Europe. Most of the registers were population-based, compulsory notification and with a time limit for notification of up to 1 year of age. The Brazilian register showed the highest annual coverage. CONCLUSION: The registers analyzed showed different characteristics, related to the reality of each country. The results presented provide support for the theme of congenital anomalies surveillance, especially in places where such activity is intended to be implemented.
Assuntos
Sistema de Registros , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The "Bolsa-Família" Program (PBF) is a Brazilian conditional cash-transfer program in which families should comply with health, education, and social assistance conditionalities. The program aims to fight poverty and hunger, promoting nutrition and health services for low-income populations. This paper presents a database on the coverage of monitoring and compliance with the PBF health conditionalities in Brazil from January 2005 to July 2021. DATA DESCRIPTION: Database on the PBF conditioning cash-transfer program coverage in Brazil from 2005 to 2021. It comprises information on the number of families benefited, health conditionalities, and the follow-up on vaccination and nutrition of children under seven years old. The cities and semesters are the minimal aggregation units.
Assuntos
Estado Nutricional , Pobreza , Brasil , Criança , Cidades , Escolaridade , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To define the list of priority congenital anomalies for improving their recording on the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (Sinasc). METHODS: Based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), international protocols and meetings with specialists, the list of priority anomalies was built considering two main criteria: being diagnosable at birth and having intervention available at different levels. The list was submitted for consideration by the Brazilian Medical Genetics and Genomics Society. RESULTS: The list comprised eight groups of congenital anomalies distributed according to the type of related anomaly, as well as the affected part of the body and its corresponding code in ICD-10 Chapter XVII. CONCLUSION: The list of priority congenital anomalies for notification provides a basis for improving case recording on Sinasc.