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Anterior clinoid process (ACP) mucoceles are an uncommon entity and an even rarer cause of visual impairment. We review the case of a 62-year-old female with a 2-year history of progressive right-sided monocular vision loss. Paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral ACP pneumatization. A soft tissue density mass occupied the right ACP with bone expansion and compression of the right orbital canal. An endonasal approach was performed with total vision recovery. Dedicated images are necessary to diagnose ACP. On CT, the affected sinus will have bone erosions. On magnetic resonance imaging, the signal intensity is determined by its protein concentration and mobile water protons. ACP mucoceles' accurate diagnosis determinates the treatment and surgical approach. Finally, the correct management selection will determine the retrieval of the visual ability.
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La anemia de Diamond Blackfan es un trastorno genético y clínico raro, caracterizado por aplasia eritrocitaria, que clásicamente se manifiesta durante el primer año de vida, típicamente a los 2-3 meses de edad. El 25% de los afectados presentan anemia severa en la infancia, normo o macrocitosis, reticulocitopenia y disminución selectiva de células precursoras eritroides en medula ósea. Es causada por mutaciones que afectan genes que codifican para proteínas ribosomales, inicialmente fue identificado RPS19, que codifica la proteína S19 y las mutaciones a otros genes que codifican proteínas ribosomales. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de cuatro meses de edad quien debutó con anemia severa, quien no mejoró con la suplencia de hierro, vitamina B12, y ácido fólico y además fueron descartadas sistemáticamente causas frecuentes de anemia. El diagnóstico de anemia de Diamond Blackfan en nuestro medio es un diagnóstico de exclusión, dada la dificultad para acceso a pruebas de confirmación genética. Se establece el diagnóstico y se da manejo con glucocorticoides con buena respuesta clínica y paraclínica
The Diamond Blackfan anemia is a rare genetic and clinical disorder. It is characterized by red cell aplasia, which typically occurs during the first year of life, typically during the second to the third month of age. 25% of the patients had severe anemia during their childhood, normo or macrocytosis, reticulocyte and selective decrease in the number of erythroid precursor cells in bone marrow. It is caused by mutations affect genes encoding ribosomal proteins, RPS19 initially was identified, which encodes S19 protein and mutations in other genes encoding ribosomal proteins. We present a case of a four-month-old who debuted with severe anemia in whom the substitution were iron supplements, vitamin B12 and folic acid, showed no improvement and who also were systematically discarded as common causes of anemia. The diagnosis of Diamond Blackfan anemia in our country is a diagnosis of exclusion, given the difficulty of access to genetic confirmation tests. In this article the diagnosis is established and gives management with glucocorticoid with good clinical and paraclinical response
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Anemia de Diamond-Blackfan , Anemia , Proteínas Ribossômicas , Vitamina B 12 , Medula Óssea , Proteínas , Células Precursoras Eritroides , Ácido Fólico , GlucocorticoidesRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con diagnóstico de mielitis transversa (MT) en un hospital de referencia del sur de Colombia durante los años 2007 a 2013. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de MT, según los criterios The Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. Resultados: En total 21 casos de MT (1,3 casos/10 000 ingresos), el 66,7% en edades entre 15-30 años, 57,1% de género femenino; 81,0% agudos. Todos presentaron déficit motor, 52,4% disfunción vesical autonómica, 81,0% nivel sensitivo. Se documentaron hallazgos imagenológicos de MT en resonancia magnética nuclear en el 71,4% de los casos e hiperproteinorraquia en 50%. En el 66,7% la etiología fue desconocida, en los casos en quienes se logró determinar la etiología fue: herpes simple tipo 1 (9,5%), varicela zoster (9,5%), leucemia mieloide aguda (4,8%), lupus eritematoso sistémico (4,8%) y deficiencia de vitamina B12 (4,8%). Conclusiones: La MT es un importante problema de salud pública, es necesario considerar sus características clínicas, establecer las formas idiopáticas y reconocer etiologías infecciosas dado el impacto terapeutico y pronóstico
Objective: To characterize patients with a diagnosis of transverse myelitis (TM) in a referral hospital in southern Colombia during years 2007 to 2013. Material and methods: This is a crosssectional study. All patients with a TM diagnosis were included, according to the criteria set by the Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. Results: We had a total number of 21 cases of TM (1.3 cases/10,000 admissions). Two thirds (66,7%) of all patients were between 15-30 years of age, 57,1% were female; 81.0% had an acute presentation, 100% had motor deficit, 52.4% had autonomic bladder dysfunction, and 81.0% had sensitive level. MT findings were documented using magnetic resonance imaging in 71.4% of cases and 50% by high protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Two thirds (66.7%) of the cases had an unknown etiology. In those cases in which their origin could be identified, the etiologies were: Type I Herpes Simplex (9.5%); Varicella Zoster (9.5%), acute myeloid leukemia (4.8%), systemic lupus erythematosus (4.8%) and vitamin B12 deficiency. Conclusion: MT is a major public health problem, and it is necessary to consider its clinical features, to establish its idiopathic forms and to recognize its infectious causes given their therapy impact and prognosis
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ABSTRACT Objective To characterize physical activity profiles in a rural community in the southwest of Colombia and to identify knowledge gaps on this issue in the country. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area in Puerto Caldas, Pereira, Risaralda. The population of the study was obtained by convenience sampling from people participating in the activities of the Second Multidisciplinary Camp for Research and Services (CUMIS, for its acronym in Spanish), which was organized by the Colombian Association of Medical Students' Scientific Societies (ASCEMCOL, for its acronym in Spanish). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used in order to measure and classify the physical activity behaviors of this population. Results Data from 100 subjects with a mean age of 43±18 years were collected. 6 % of the population did not perform any kind of physical activity, while 61 % performed vigorous physical activity. Men spent more time in doing vigorous and moderate physical activity than women did (p<0.05). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on physical activity were followed by 72.29 % (n=60) and 82.35 % (n=14) of the people with an age of 18 to64 and ≥65 years, respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to build up evidence regarding physical activity in rural areas in order to implement public policies that promote its practice in communities where socioeconomic and health inequities exist. Part of the population living in the community where the study was carried out does not follow the WHO recommendations on physical activity; therefore, the lack of public health interventions is highlighted. A better coherence between international resolutions, national public policies and their implementation could lead to an increase in practice levels of physical activity.(AU)
RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar la actividad física en una comunidad rural del suroeste de Colombia e identificar los vacíos de conocimiento alrededor del tema en el país. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal en una zona rural de Puerto Caldas, Pereira, Risaralda. La población fue seleccionada, mediante muestreo por conveniencia, entre las personas que participaron en las actividades del II Campamento Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios (CUMIS), dirigido por la Asociación Colombiana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina (ASCEMCOL). Se utilizó el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) para medir y clasificar los comportamientos de esta población en términos de actividad física. Resultados Se recogieron datos de 100 sujetos con edad promedio de 43±18 años. El 6 % de la población no realizó ningún tipo de actividad física, mientras que el 61 % realizó actividad física vigorosa. Los hombres dedicaron más tiempo a la práctica de actividad física vigorosa y moderada que las mujeres (p<0,05). Las recomendaciones sobre actividad física de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) fueron seguidas por el 72,3 % (n=60) y el 82,4 % (n=14) de las personas en los grupos de edad de 18 a 64 y ≥65 años, respectivamente Conclusión Es necesario construir evidencia en torno a la actividad física en el área rural, a fin de implementar políticas públicas que promuevan su práctica en comunidades que presenten desigualdades socioeconómicas y en salud. Parte de la población de la comunidad donde se llevó a cabo el estudio no sigue las recomendaciones de la OMS para actividad física, en consecuencia, la falta de intervenciones en salud pública se pone en evidencia. Una mayor coherencia entre las resoluciones internacionales, las políticas públicas nacionales y su aplicación podría conducir a un aumento en los niveles de actividad física.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , População Rural , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Promoção da Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais/instrumentação , ColômbiaRESUMO
El cáncer de tiroides es la neoplasia endocrina más usual, el carcinoma papilar de tiroides el subtipo más prevalente representando el 75 al 80% de los casos. Se presenta por lo general como nódulo tiroideo único, el uso de la ecografía ha aumentado su detección. El tratamiento recomendado es la tiroidectomía total evidenciando menor número de recurrencias y complicaciones. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 54 años de edad, quien en el control postquirúrgico por tiroidectomia refiere aparición de nódulos en hemicuello izquierdo. Se realiza biopsia sugestiva de respuesta inflamatoria. La evaluación postiroidectomía tiene como objetivo la identificación temprana de las recurrencias, existen diferentes situaciones clínicas que pueden simular una recurrencia, como se evidencia en el caso presentado, donde las imágenes simulantes de tejido tiroideo correspondían al material hemostático GelfoamMR, el cual es ampliamente empleado en el campo quirúrgico, la respuesta nodular corresponde a una hiperplasia linfoide atípica
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm, and papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most prevalent subtype, representing 75 to 80% of all cases. This condition usually appears as a single thyroid nodule, and the use of ultrasound has increased its detection. The recommended treatment is total thyroidectomy, which leads to fewer recurrences and complications. We present the case of a 54-year old female patient who reported the appearance of nodular structures on the left side of her neck in a control after a thyroidectomy. A biopsy was taken, and it was reported as suggestive of an inflammatory response. The assessment after a thyroidectomy aims to identify early recurrences, as it was described in this case, where the images resembling thyroid tissue corresponded to a hemostatic material (GelfoamTM), which is widely used in the surgical field, and the nodular response described corresponded to a case of atypical lymphoid hyperplasia
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El absceso hepático, continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. El causado por Klebsiella pneumoniae, se ha descrito en un 29% de los casos en algunas series. Con una mortalidad hasta del 11,3%, se presenta con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, relacionándose con complicaciones a distancia, como meningitis, absceso cerebral y afección pulmonar. Se presenta el caso de un hombre sin factores de riesgo, con síndrome de absceso hepático por Klebsiella pneumoniae con diseminación hematógena dado por la presencia de bacteriemia y meningitis. Fue manejado con cefepime y drenaje percutáneo, presentando mejoría clínica total. La infección por Klebsiella pneumoniae, representa una etiología emergente como causa de abscesos hepáticos con un comportamiento clínico diferente al resto de infecciones relacionadas con este microorganismo...
Liver abscess remains a major public health problem. Some series have reportedKlebsiella pneumoniae as the causative agent of liver abscesses in up to 29% of cases. This condition has a high mortality rate, up to 11.3%, and it occurs more often in patients with diabetes mellitus, being related to disseminated complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, and pulmonary complications. We report the case of a male patient with a liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and no underlying risk factors, associated with hematogenous spread with the occurrence of bacteremia and meningitis. The patient was treated with cefepime and percutaneous drainage, and he completely recovered. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection represents an emerging etiological cause of liver abscesses, with a different clinical behavior compared to other infections related to this microorganism...
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso Hepático , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Meningite , ColômbiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To characterize physical activity profiles in a rural community in the southwest of Colombia and to identify knowledge gaps on this issue in the country. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area in Puerto Caldas, Pereira, Risaralda. The population of the study was obtained by convenience sampling from people participating in the activities of the Second Multidisciplinary Camp for Research and Services (CUMIS, for its acronym in Spanish), which was organized by the Colombian Association of Medical Students' Scientific Societies (ASCEMCOL, for its acronym in Spanish). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used in order to measure and classify the physical activity behaviors of this population. RESULTS: Data from 100 subjects with a mean age of 43±18 years were collected. 6 % of the population did not perform any kind of physical activity, while 61 % performed vigorous physical activity. Men spent more time in doing vigorous and moderate physical activity than women did (p<0.05). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on physical activity were followed by 72.29 % (n=60) and 82.35 % (n=14) of the people with an age of 18 to64 and ≥65 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to build up evidence regarding physical activity in rural areas in order to implement public policies that promote its practice in communities where socioeconomic and health inequities exist. Part of the population living in the community where the study was carried out does not follow the WHO recommendations on physical activity; therefore, the lack of public health interventions is highlighted. A better coherence between international resolutions, national public policies and their implementation could lead to an increase in practice levels of physical activity.
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Exercício Físico , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Latin America, psychotropic medications are the third most marketed drug group, especially antidepressants (35%) and anxiolytics (5%). The objective of this study was to determine the trends in the consumption and the costs of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs in a population of patients enrolled in the Health System of Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational study was performed using the data recorded inprescriptions for any anxiolytic or hypnotic drug prescribed to outpatients in the period between January 2008 and December 2013 in a population of 3.5 million people. Sociodemographic, pharmacological variables, overall costs, and cost per thousand inhabitants per day (CHD), were also recorded. RESULTS: The number of patients who received the drugs studied varied from 11,097 to 19,231 between 2008 and 2013. The most used drugs were clonazepam (44.1% of formulations), alprazolam (31.2%), and lorazepam (13.2%). The invoiced value of anxiolytics increased from US$ 207,673.63 in 2008 to US$ 488,977 in 2013, an increase of 135.4%. The CHD was US$ 0.31 for benzodiazepines, and US$ 0.02 for zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone (Z drugs) for 2008, and US$ 0.36 and US$ 0.02 in 2013 respectively. The CHD declined after 2010 following the introduction of generic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving benzodiazepines in Colombia are mostly women, average age 55 years, with very low frequency in defined daily doses per thousand inhabitants when compared with other countries.
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Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos Genéricos/uso terapêutico , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ansiolíticos/economia , Benzodiazepinas/economia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Custos de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Genéricos/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/economia , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A 71-year-old woman in a nursing home, with indwelling urinary catheter, bedridden, presented with a purple urine collector bag. The purple urine bag syndrome is a rare condition associated with the metabolism of tryptophan by overgrowth of intestinal bacteria. The purple color is formed by a combination of indigo and indirubin produced as a result of phosphatase and sulfatase enzymatic activity of bacteria on indoxyl sulfate, under alkaline pH of the urine. We present the second case of this syndrome reported in Colombia detailing the management of this rare syndrome associated with urinary tract infection. Several conditions should be considered in the differential diagnose of diseases that cause discoloration of the urine.
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Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/diagnóstico , Fenômenos Químicos , Pigmentos Biológicos/análise , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Urina/química , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/patologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/patologia , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Colômbia , Cor , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Proteus mirabilis/isolamento & purificação , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecções Urinárias/patologiaRESUMO
Introducción: En Latinoamérica, los psicofármacos son el tercer grupo de medicamentos más comercializados, especialmente antidepresivos (35%) y ansiolíticos (5%). El objetivo es determinar el comportamiento del consumo y los costos de los ansiolíticos e hipnóticos en una población de pacientes afiliados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud de Colombia. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional. Los datos para el análisis fueron las prescripciones de cualquier ansiolítico o hipnótico, realizadas a pacientes ambulatorios en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013 en una población de 3,5 millones de personas. Se consideraron variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas, costos globales y costos por mil habitantes y día (CHD). Resultados: El número de pacientes que recibieron los medicamentos estudiados varió de 11.097 a 19.231 entre 2008 y 2013. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron clonazepam (el 44,1% de las formulaciones), alprazolam (31,2%) y lorazepam (13,2%). El valor facturado de ansiolíticos pasó de 207.673,63 dólares en 2008 a 488.977 dólares en 2013, con un crecimiento del 135,4%. El CHD fue de 0,31 dólares para las benzodiazepinas y 0,02 dólares para los medicamentos Z en 2008 y 0,36 y 0,02 dólares en 2013 respectivamente. Los CHD se redujeron después del año 2010, tras la introducción de medicamentos genéricos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que reciben benzodiazepinas en Colombia son en su mayoría mujeres, con 55 años de edad promedio, con muy baja frecuencia expresada en CHD comparada con la de otros países.
Introduction: In Latin America, psychotropic medications are the third most marketed drug group, especially antidepressants (35%) and anxiolytics (5%). The objective of this study was to determine the trends in the consumption and the costs of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs in a population of patients enrolled in the Health System of Colombia. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational study was performed using the data recorded inprescriptions for any anxiolytic or hypnotic drug prescribed to outpatients in the period between January 2008 and December 2013 in a population of 3.5 million people. Sociodemographic, pharmacological variables, overall costs, and cost per thousand inhabitants per day (CHD), were also recorded. Results: The number of patients who received the drugs studied varied from 11,097 to 19,231 between 2008 and 2013. The most used drugs were clonazepam (44.1% of formulations), alprazolam (31.2%), and lorazepam (13.2%). The invoiced value of anxiolytics increased from US$ 207,673.63 in 2008 to US$ 488,977 in 2013, an increase of 135.4%. The CHD was US$ 0.31 for benzodiazepines, and US$ 0.02 for zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone (Z drugs) for 2008, and US$ 0.36 and US$ 0.02 in 2013 respectively. The CHD declined after 2010 following the introduction of generic drugs. Conclusions: Patients receiving benzodiazepines in Colombia are mostly women, average age 55 years, with very low frequency in defined daily doses per thousand inhabitants when compared with other countries.