RESUMO
To study the antimicrobial and uric acid-preserving activity of pine bark tannin on poultry litter composting, antibiotic-free wood chip-based poultry litter was distributed (11 g) to 50-mL conical centrifuge tubes and immediately amended with 1.3 mL0.4 M sodium phosphate buffer (control) or with 1.3 mL condensed tannins from pine bark (Pinus palustris; 9 % tannin wt/vol in water). All tubes (n = 3 tubes/treatment) were inoculated with a novobiocin and naladixic acid-resistant Salmo-nella typhimurium (STNN) to achieve 3.0 log10 CFU/g and incubated at 37oC for 3 days to simulate an initial compost period. Wildtype E. coli and the challenge STNN strain as well as concentrations of ammonia, uric acid and urea were measured on days 0 and 3. Pine bark tannin treatment decreased (p 0.01) STNN populations in the litter by 0.6 log units compared to the controls. Wildtype E. coli populations were unaffected by tannin treatment (p>0.05). Ammonia accumulation decreased (p 0.01) 23% in tannin-treated litter compared to the control (2.8 ± 0.1 µmol/g). Conversely, the residual uric acid concentration was 1.6-fold higher (p=0.02) in litter treated with the pine bark tannin than in the control litter. Urea concentrations were unaffected by tannin treatment (p>0.05). Results suggest that pine bark tannin treatment may preserve uric acid and reduce ammonia volatilization in composted litter while aiding Salmonella control.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Proantocianidinas/análise , Pinus/química , Pinus/microbiologia , Compostos de NitrogênioRESUMO
To study the antimicrobial and uric acid-preserving activity of pine bark tannin on poultry litter composting, antibiotic-free wood chip-based poultry litter was distributed (11 g) to 50-mL conical centrifuge tubes and immediately amended with 1.3 mL0.4 M sodium phosphate buffer (control) or with 1.3 mL condensed tannins from pine bark (Pinus palustris; 9 % tannin wt/vol in water). All tubes (n = 3 tubes/treatment) were inoculated with a novobiocin and naladixic acid-resistant Salmo-nella typhimurium (STNN) to achieve 3.0 log10 CFU/g and incubated at 37oC for 3 days to simulate an initial compost period. Wildtype E. coli and the challenge STNN strain as well as concentrations of ammonia, uric acid and urea were measured on days 0 and 3. Pine bark tannin treatment decreased (p 0.01) STNN populations in the litter by 0.6 log units compared to the controls. Wildtype E. coli populations were unaffected by tannin treatment (p>0.05). Ammonia accumulation decreased (p 0.01) 23% in tannin-treated litter compared to the control (2.8 ± 0.1 µmol/g). Conversely, the residual uric acid concentration was 1.6-fold higher (p=0.02) in litter treated with the pine bark tannin than in the control litter. Urea concentrations were unaffected by tannin treatment (p>0.05). Results suggest that pine bark tannin treatment may preserve uric acid and reduce ammonia volatilization in composted litter while aiding Salmonella control.
Assuntos
Animais , Compostos de Nitrogênio , Pinus/microbiologia , Pinus/química , Proantocianidinas/análiseRESUMO
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that can reside undetected in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle because colonization by this bacterium is asymptomatic. Recent research has indicated that swine can carry and transmit this pathogen as well. The development of more advanced and sensitive detection techniques has improved the limit of detection and increased sensitivity for this important pathogen. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle and swine in Mexico with the more sensitive detection technique of immunomagnetic bead separation. Samples (n = 60 per farm) were taken from four cattle and four swine farms (n = 240 cattle samples, n = 240 swine samples) located throughout central Mexico in October 2001. The prevalence of E. coli O157 was found to be only 1.25% on cattle farms and 2.1% on swine farms. The prevalence in cattle in this study is lower than that reported in the United States and could be related to the lower reported prevalence of E. coli O157 in humans in Mexico. However, further research is needed to verify prevalence throughout other regions of Mexico, as well as prevalence during other seasons of the year.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Separação Imunomagnética/veterinária , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , SuínosAssuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/etiologia , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/induzido quimicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Fenda Labial/induzido quimicamente , Fissura Palatina/induzido quimicamente , Dimetadiona/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Etossuximida/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mefobarbital/efeitos adversos , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Fenitoína/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Trimetadiona/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Thirty-three children with secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defects underwent operative correction at the University of Minnesota Hospitals between January, 1972, and December, 1973. Nineteen of these patients (58%) did not have cardiac catheterization as part of their preoperative evaluation, since clinical assessment of the child, with or without corroborative evidence obtained by echocardiography and radionuclide angiocardiography, provided sufficient information to permit recommendation of operation. In the majority of patients with uncomplicated atrial septal defect, cardiac catheterization is not a necessary part of the preoperative evaluation and may be reserved for those patients with unusual clinical or laboratory features.