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AIM: To identify Prediabetes (PreD) as early and serious diabetes step using clinical-biochemical characteristics in the population of the Primary Prevention Diabetes Buenos Aires (PPDBA) study. METHODS: PPDBA Study evaluated benefits of adopting healthy lifestyles to prevent T2D. It recruited people 45-75 years of age with PreD (impaired fasting glycaemia [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] or both, American Diabetes Association criteria), using an opportunistic approach. They completed a FINDRISC questionnaire, and those with a score ≥13 points were invited to participate. When they accepted, we performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a complete lipid profile and HbA1c while physicians completed a clinical history. We recruited 367 persons, and depending on OGTT results, the sample was divided into normals (NGT), PreD, or with diabetes (last one was excluded in our analysis). Data were statistically analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests and logistic regression to identify parameters associated with PreD. RESULTS: From the recruited (n = 367) 47.7% have NGT, 48.5% PreD and 3.8% unknown T2D (excluded). People with PreD were significantly older, with a higher percentage of overweight/obesity, BMI, and larger waist circumference than NGT. They also showed significantly higher fasting and 2 h post glucose load, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels. No significant differences were recorded in the blood pressure, lipid profile though both groups had abnormally high LDL-c values. They also had a larger percentage of TG/HDL-c ratios (insulin resistance indicator) (55% vs. 37.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed that PreD was significant associated with age, waist circumference, and triglyceride above target values. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that clinical and biochemical parameters were significantly different between people with PreD and those with NGT. This evidence supports the concept that PreD is a serious dysfunction, which should be early diagnosed and treated properly to prevent its transition to T2D and its complications.

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RESUMEN Antecedentes: En nuestro país la prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) y de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) aumenta continuamente. Aunque el fenómeno se acompaña de adopción de estilos de vida no saludable que facilitan dicho crecimiento, es escasa la implementación de estrategias que puedan modificar la situación. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia disponible sobre la magnitud del problema de la diabetes y los FRCV en nuestro país, su posible relación con la práctica de actividad física y potencial mecanismo de acción. Metodología: Evaluación de datos de la tercera Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo (ENFR) e información referida a factores que contribuyen al crecimiento de la prevalencia de DT2. Igualmente estrategias exitosas utilizadas a nivel mundial para su prevención. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal registrado en la población estudiada muestra un aumento del porcentaje de personas con sobrepeso/obesidad inverso a la práctica de actividad física. Igualmente los resultados de las pruebas de tolerancia a la glucosa oral muestran que sus alteraciones (prediabetes/diabetes) son menores entre quienes realizaban actividad física. El porcentaje de personas con valores de presión arterial dentro del rango normal al igual que de colesterol circulante (según valores meta de guías internacionales), es también significativamente menor entre quienes practicaban actividad física. Conclusión: La evidencia presentada demuestra objetivamente la necesidad/ventajas de implementar un programa de prevención primaria de diabetes a gran escala a nivel nacional para disminuir su crecimiento y la pertinencia de incluir la práctica de actividad física como estrategia de prevención tal como propone el PPDBA.

ABSTRACT Background: In our country, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DT2) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) increases continuously. Although the phenomenon is accompanied by the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles that facilitate such growth, there is little implementation of strategies that can modify the situation. Objective: To review the available evidence on the magnitude of the problem of diabetes and CVRF in our country, its possible relationship with the practice of physical activity and potential mechanism of action. Methodology: Evaluation of data from the Third National Survey of Risk Factors (ENFR) and information referred to factors that promote the prevalence growth of T2D. Additionally, successful strategies have been used worldwide for its prevention. Results: The body mass index registered in the studied population shows an increase in the percentage of people with overweight/obesity inverse to the practice of physical activity. Likewise, the results of the oral glucose tolerance tests show that their alterations (prediabetes/ diabetes) are lower among those who performed physical activity. The percentage of people with blood pressure values within the normal range as well as circulating cholesterol (according to target values of international guidelines), is also significantly lower among those who practiced physical activity. Conclusion: The presented evidence objectively demonstrates the need/advantages of implementing a large-scale diabetes primary prevention program at the national level to.

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RESUMEN Objetivos Analizar: 1) el perfil lipídico en personas con glucemia de ayunas alterada (GAA) y 2) su posible asociación con parámetros clínico-metabólicos. Material y métodos Se reclutaron 101 personas de ambos sexos asistentes a consultorios de la Carrera Universitaria de Medicina Interna UNLP, incluyéndose personas >15 años que firmaron consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio; se excluyeron aquellos tratados con fármacos que afectaran el metabolismo lipídico y con diabetes tipo 2. En ellos se registraron antecedentes personales, heredofamiliares, hábitos de vida y ocurrencia de eventos cardiovasculares previos, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura (CC) y tensión arterial. En muestras de sangre se determinó glucemia, HbA1c y perfil lipídico; en la mayoría se agregó insulinemia e índice HOMA-IR. La evaluación estadística incluyó ANOVA y test de Tukey, considerándose significativas diferencias con valor de p ≤0,05. Resultados: 67,32% de los participantes presentaron glucemias ≤100 mg/dl (grupo control) y el 32,67% disglucemias compatibles con el estado de GAA. La edad promedio, el IMC y la CC, los valores de HbA1c, insulina y HOMA-IR al igual que el porcentaje de personas con hipertensión arterial fueron significativamente mayores en este último grupo. Los valores del perfil lipídico registrados fueron mayores en el grupo de GAA excepto el c-HDL en el que fueron menores. Conclusión La dislipemia presente en personas con GAA sería simultáneamente un marcador de ateroesclerosis obliterante y un promotor de la transición a DT2, por lo que requiere su diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz.

ABSTRACT Aims To analyze: 1) the lipid profile in people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 2) its potential association with clinical and metabolic parameters. Materials and methods: 101 people were recruited from those attending the University of Internal Medicine UNLP clinic, including people of both sexes, >15 years who sign informed consent to participate in the study; those treated with drugs that affect lipid metabolism and with type 2 diabetes were excluded. In all of them had we recoded body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC) and blood pressure. Their personal history, inherited relatives, life habits and occurrence of cardiovascular events were also recorded. In their blood samples, blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile were measured as well as insulin and HOMA-IR index in most of them. Statistical evaluation included ANOVA and Tukey's test; significant differences were considered when their p value was ≤0.05. Results 67.32% of the participants presented glycemias ≤100 mg/dl (control group) and 32.67% values compatible with IFG status. Mean age, BMI and WC, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-IR values, as well as the percentage of people with hypertension, were significantly higher in the latter group. The values of the lipid profile recorded were higher in the GAA group except the HDL-c in which they were lower. Conclusion Since the dyslipidemia present in people with IFG would simultaneously be a marker of atherosclerosis obliterans and a promoter of the transition to DT2, it requires its early diagnosis and treatment.

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The leguminous crop Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) is originally from South America and then was disseminated to tropical and subtropical regions. The dissemination of the crop resulted in peanut plants establishing a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationship with a wide diversity of indigenous soil bacteria. We present in this review, advances on the molecular basis for the crack-entry infection process involved in the peanut-rhizobia interaction, the diversity of rhizobial and fungal antagonistic bacteria associated with peanut plants, the effect of abiotic and biotic stresses on this interaction and the response of peanut to inoculation.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o papel da cintilografia óssea trifásica na indicação da retirada do material de síntese de pacientes com fratura diafisária do fêmur, submetidos à fixação com haste intramedular bloqueada (HIB) ou com placa em ponte (PP), já que, atualmente, a indicação da retirada é feita por critérios não totalmente confiáveis. Foram estudados 13 pacientes, seis com colocação de HIB e sete com PP. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a cintilografia óssea trifásica com 740MBq de MDP-99mTc em uma câmara de cintilação computadorizada. Em quatro pacientes (dois com HIB e dois com PP) houve retirada do material de síntese, em média, 42,2 meses após a fratura. Os pacientes com HIB apresentaram alterações discretas na fase tardia da cintilografia óssea e formação discreta do calo ósseo, enquanto os com PP mostraram alterações cintilográficas moderadas e formação anormal do calo ósseo. As discretas alterações descritas na cintilografia óssea nos pacientes com HlB indicam que este tipo de fixação leva a menor exigência mecânica do calo ósseo com remodelação mais fisiológica, comprovada pelo estudo tomográfico em dois pacientes, mostrando sua anatomia semelhante à do fêmur contralateral. Isto não ocorreu nos pacientes com PP, talvez devido a uma maior movimentação dos fragmentos ósseos permitida por este material. Esta movimentação sugere que este tipo de fixação talvez não seja o mais fisiológico, não proporcionando à fratura condições adequadas para se consolidar.

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We have previously shown that fungicide Mancozeb causes a 50% decrease in Bradyhizobium sp USDA 3187 growth rate and affects the bacteria-root symbiotic interaction. In order to elucidate the fungicide toxicity mechanism we determined the effects of Mancozeb on cell chemical composition, glutathione (GSH) content (molecule involved in the detoxification process), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and on polyamine, exopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. Mancozeb produced biochemical alterations in membrane composition, polysaccharides and polyamines. In spite of the increment of GSH content and GST activity, they are not enough to prevent the growth diminution.

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