RESUMO
A proliferating pilar tumor is a rare skin neoplasm that arises from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. Presentation varies widely, as the tumor can be benign or malignant and has a high probability of recurring after excision. We report our experience managing 3 proliferating pilar tumors with different clinical presentations and pathology findings at Hospital de San José, Bogota, Colombia.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cabelo/patologia , Folículo Piloso , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Couro Cabeludo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Colômbia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Doenças do Cabelo/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasia de Células Basais/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaRESUMO
The induction of defences in response to herbivory is a key mechanism of plant resistance. While a number of studies have investigated the time course and magnitude of plant induction in response to a single event of herbivory, few have looked at the effects of recurrent herbivory. Furthermore, studies measuring the effects of the total amount and recurrence of herbivory on both direct and indirect plant defences are lacking. To address this gap, here we asked whether insect leaf herbivory induced changes in the amount and concentration of extrafloral nectar (an indirect defence) and concentration of leaf phenolic compounds (a direct defence) in wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We conducted a greenhouse experiment where we tested single event or recurrent herbivory effects on defence induction by applying mechanical leaf damage and caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda) regurgitant. Single events of 25% and 50% leaf damage did not significantly influence extrafloral nectar production or concentration. Extrafloral nectar traits did, however, increase significantly relative to controls when plants were exposed to recurrent herbivory (two episodes of 25% damage). In contrast, phenolic compounds increased significantly in response to single events of leaf damage but not to recurrent damage. In addition, we found. that local induction of extrafloral nectar production was stronger than systemic induction, whereas the reverse pattern was observed for phenolics. Together, these results reveal seemingly inverse patterns of induction of direct and indirect defences in response to herbivory in wild cotton.
Assuntos
Gossypium/metabolismo , Gossypium/parasitologia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/parasitologia , Animais , Herbivoria , Fenóis/metabolismo , Néctar de Plantas/metabolismo , Spodoptera/patogenicidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease described in case series and publications worldwide. Over the past twenty years, the authors of different studies have attempted to evaluate its incidence and prevalence. The objetive of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children seen at 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers in ten Latin American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted that estimated the period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children seen at outpatient consultation and that underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any indication at 36 centers in 10 Latin American countries, within a 3-month time frame. RESULTS: Between April and June 2016, 108 cases of eosinophilic esophagitis were evaluated. Likewise, an average of 29,253 outpatient consultations and 4,152 diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were carried out at the 36 participating centers. The period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the population studied (n=29,253) was 3.69 cases×1,000 (95% CI: 3.04 to 4.44), and among the children that underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n=4,152), it was 26x1,000 (95% CI: 22.6 to 29.4). CONCLUSIONS: The general period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children evaluated at 36 Latin American pediatric gastroenterology centers was 3.69×1,000, and in the children that underwent endoscopy, it was 26×1,000. There was important prevalence variability between the participating countries and centers. The present analysis is the first study conducted on the prevalence of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis in Latin America.
Assuntos
Esofagite Eosinofílica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Gastroenterologia , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , Lactente , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
La escritura y las dificultades de escritura son un tema importante para los Terapeutas Ocupacionales. La literatura evidencia que las dificultades de escritura constituyen uno de los motivos más frecuentes de derivación a Terapia Ocupacional (Feder et al., 2007) En la investigación participan 25 Terapeutas Ocupacionales chilenos que trabajan en Programas de Inclusión Educativa (PIE) con niños de 6 a 9 años. Los resultados indican que el 80 por ciento de la muestra considera que los problemas de escritura son un motivo frecuente de derivación a Terapia Ocupacional en el contexto escolar. Las estrategias de Integración Sensorial para abordar los problemas de escritura en el contexto escolar son utilizadas en promedio por el 57 por ciento de los participantes, observándose en 3er lugar en la frecuencia general, luego de la utilización de estrategias visomotoras y de estrategias volitivas/motivacionales. Las estrategias de Integración Sensorial son percibidas como las más efectivas para abordar los problemas de escritura en el contexto escolar en niños con Trastornos del Espectro Autista y Síndrome de Déficit Atencional, versus otras estrategias tales como las sensoriomotoras, volicionales / motivacionales, cognitivas o conductuales. Las estrategias de integración sensorial más utilizadas para abordar los problemas de escritura en el contexto escolar, son las sugerencias a profesores basadas en dicho enfoque, realizadas por el 87 por ciento de los Terapeutas Ocupacionales participantes en el estudio.
Writing and handwriting difficulties are a major issue for Occupational Therapists. The literature shows that the handwriting difficulties are one of the most common reasons for derivation to Occupational Therapy (Feder et al., 2007) In this research are participating 25 chilean Occupational Therapists whose work in Inclusion Educational Programs ( I E P ) with children 6 to 9 years. Regarding the results; 80 percent believe that writing problems are a common reason derivation to Occupational Therapy in the school context. Sensory integration strategies to address handwriting problems in school context are used on average by 57 percent of participants in the sample observed in 3rd place in the overall frequency after visual motor strategies of and volitional / motivational strategies. Sensory Integration strategies are perceived as the most effective in addressing the problems of writing in the school context in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder, versus other strategies such as sensorimotor, volitional /motivational, cognitive or behavioral. Sensory integration strategies most commonly used to address the problems of writing in the school context, are suggestions to teachers based on this approach, carried by 87 percent of occupational therapists in the study.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Escrita Manual , Sensação , Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inclusão Escolar , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
En la actualidad, los avances en salud y el concepto de relación entre mente y cuerpo han exigido investigar y proponer estrategias cada vez más integrales para abarcar enfermedades tan complejas como la Esquizofrenia. Entre ellas, aparece la Integración Sensorial como una propuesta para explicar algunos de los déficits y proponer intervenciones. El Modelo de Integración Sensorial, ha sido tradicionalmente usado por los Terapeutas Ocupacionales en niños. En nuestro país no existen publicaciones acerca de la utilización del Modelo de Integración Sensorial en personas adultas con diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia, tampoco existen herramientas que evalúen el procesamiento sensorial en esta población. El objetivo de esta publicación, es revisar los estudios internacionales existentes en relación al tema y realizar una propuesta a los Terapeutas Ocupacionales para evaluar las posibles alteraciones de Integración Sensorial en personas adultas con diagnóstico de Esquizofrenia y cómo éstas alteraciones influyen en el desempeño ocupacional.
In recent times, the advances in health science and the concept of mind and body have pushed for further investigation and the proposal of even more integral strategies to treat complex illnesses like Schizophrenia. Among these, the Sensory Integration approach appears as a new focus that may explain some of the deficits and propose alternatives for treatment. The Sensory Integration framework has been traditionally used by Occupational Therapists in work with children. In our country there are no publications regarding the use of Sensory Integration in adults diagnosed with Schizophrenia, there is also a lack of tools to evaluate sensory processing among this population. The aim of this publication is to review existing international studies on this topic and to develop a proposal for Occupational Therapists to assess possible Sensory Integration dysfunction in adults diagnosed with Schizophrenia and how these alterations may influence their occupational performance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Modelos Neurológicos , Terapia Ocupacional , Sensação/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Meio Ambiente , Esquizofrenia/reabilitação , Entrevistas como Assunto , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Análise e Desempenho de TarefasRESUMO
Con el fin de evaluar la asociación entre edad del paciente, el riesgo anestésico (ASA), el tipo de herida (limpia, limpia-contaminada, contaminada y sucia), y la duración del procedimiento quirúrgico con la presentación de infección intrahospitalaria (infección de herida quirúrgica, neumonía, infección del tracto urinario, infección de piel, conjuntivitis e infección de quemadura), se desarrolló un estudio controlado con 104 casos y 144 controles seleccionados aleatoriamente de los pacientes que ingresaron al piso quirúrgico del Hospital de Caldas (Cirugía General, Neurocirugía, Ortopedia, Urología). Se tomaron como criterios de infección intrahospitalaria (IIH) los que están estandarizados por el Centro de Control de Enfermedades de Atlanta (CDC). Mediante regresión lineal se escogieron las variables explicativas que fueron ingresadas al modelo de regresión logística (RL). De este último se excluyeron la edad del paciente y la duración del procedimiento por falta de significancia. En una fase posterior se diseñaron variables dummy para el ASA y el tipo de herida, evidenciándose asociación de la IIH con el ASA 3, el ASA 4, el ASA 5, la herida contaminada y la sucia. Cuando se corrió el modelo de RL con todas las variables independientes, tomando solo como variable respuesta la infección de la herida quirúrgica (IHQ) se encontró que ningún factor estaba asociado. El riesgo de IIH es alto para pacientes que ingresaron al hospital de Caldas y que poseen riesgos anestésicos altos (ASA 3, 4 y 5) y su tipo de herida es contaminada o sucia