RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Bee venom has therapeutics and pharmacological properties. Further toxicological studies on animal models are necessary due to the severe allergic reactions caused by this product. METHOD: Here, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an in vivo toxicity model, while breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the pharmacological benefits. The bee venom utilized in this research was collected from Apis mellifera species found in Northeast Brazil. The cytotoxicity caused by bee venom was measured by MTT assay on MDA-MB-231 and J774 A.1 cells during 24 - 72 hours of exposure. C. elegans at the L4 larval stage were exposed for three hours to M9 buffer or bee venom. Survival, behavioral parameters, reproduction, DAF-16 transcription factor translocation, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and metabolomics were analyzed. Bee venom suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and exhibited cytotoxic effects on macrophages. Also, decreased C. elegans survival impacted its behaviors by decreasing C. elegans feeding behavior, movement, and reproduction. RESULTS: Bee venom did not increase the expression of SOD-3, but it enhanced DAF-16 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. C. elegans metabolites differed after bee venom exposure, primarily related to aminoacyl- tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and sphingolipid and purine metabolic pathways. Our findings indicate that exposure to bee venom resulted in harmful effects on the cells and animal models examined. CONCLUSION: Thus, due to its potential toxic effect and induction of allergic reactions, using bee venom as a therapeutic approach has been limited. The development of controlled-release drug strategies to improve this natural product's efficacy and safety should be intensified.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Venenos de Abelha , Caenorhabditis elegans , Animais , Humanos , Venenos de Abelha/farmacologia , Venenos de Abelha/química , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Feminino , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High-intensity functional training (HIFT) has become more popular, and the number of practitioners has increased; however, it remains unclear whether perturbations in the immune parameters occur, even after one single bout. Our aim was to examine acute leucocyte, muscle damage, and stress marker responses following a single 'Cindy' workout session, and compare the results between novice and experienced participants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three HIFT practitioners (age 31.0 ± 1.0 years) completed the 'Cindy' workout. They were categorized as novice (3-8 months of experience; n = 10) and experienced (≥18 months; n = 13). White blood cell (WBC) count, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, blood cortisol level, and lactate concentration were measured. Blood analysis was performed before (pre-ex), immediately after (post-ex), 30 min after (post-30 min), and 24 h after (post-24 h) a single 'Cindy' workout session. RESULTS: WBC count was higher post-ex (6.8 to 11.8x103/µL) and returned to baseline values within post-30 min (p<0.01). Neutrophil (3.3 to 4.5x103/µL) and lymphocyte levels (2.8 to 5.9x103/µL) were higher post-ex and returned to baseline values after post-24 h, yet lymphocytopoenia (2.2x103/µL) was observed at post-30 min (p<0.01). CK increased post-ex (174.9 to 226.7 U.L-1) and remained elevated post-24 h. Cortisol (14.7 to 17.0 µg/dL) and lactate (1.9 to 13.5 mmol.l-1) responses increased post-ex, but only the lactate level was reduced at post-30 min (p<0.01). The experienced participants had higher WBC, lymphocyte, and cortisol concentrations post-ex than the novice ones (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A single HIFT session elicited significant acute perturbations in WBC count, stress markers, and muscle tissue, which is like other similar regimens. Importantly, the experienced participants showed greater lymphocyte and cortisol responses than the novice ones.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Feminino , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Leucócitos/imunologia , Leucócitos/fisiologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Several pathological conditions predict the use of glucocorticoids for the management of the inflammatory response; however, chronic or high dose glucocorticoid treatment is associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance and can be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the vascular responsiveness and inflammatory profile of mesenteric arteries of rats treated with high doses of glucocorticoids. Wistar rats were divided into a control (CO) group and a dexamethasone (DEX) group, that received dexamethasone for 7 days (2mg/kg/day, i.p.). Blood samples were used to assess the lipid profile and insulin tolerance. Vascular reactivity to Phenylephrine (Phe) and insulin, and O2â¢-production were evaluated. The intracellular insulin signaling pathway PI3K/AKT/eNOS and MAPK/ET-1 were investigated. Regarding the vascular inflammatory profile, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß and IL-18 were assessed. Dexamethasone-treated rats had decreased insulin tolerance test and endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by insulin. eNOS inhibition caused vasoconstriction in the DEX group, which was abolished by the ET-A antagonist. Insulin-mediated relaxation in the DEX group was restored in the presence of the O2.- scavenger TIRON. Nevertheless, in the DEX group there was an increase in Phe-induced vasoconstriction. In addition, the intracellular insulin signaling pathway PI3K/AKT/eNOS was impaired, decreasing NO bioavailability. Regarding superoxide anion generation, there was an increase in the DEX group, and all measured proinflammatory cytokines were also augmented in the DEX group. In addition, the DEX-group presented an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. In summary, treatment with high doses of dexamethasone promoted changes in insulin-induced vasodilation, through the reduction of NO bioavailability and an increase in vasoconstriction via ET-1 associated with generation of O2â¢- and proinflammatory cytokines.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Insulina/farmacologia , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Pesticides may cause a number of health problems and are considered oto-agressive agents. The objective of this study was to investigate the high frequency hearing characteristics of workers both with and without exposure to pesticides, that presented normal conventional audiometry. It involved a cross-sectional study with 87 workers, of both genders, between 19 and 59 years, with formal or informal jobs and some of whom worked with family agriculture, either using pesticides or not, who had taken High-Frequency Audiometry tests. The use of glyphosate was reported by 73% of workers and several pesticide mixtures occurred in 78% of them. There were no cases of proper use of personal protective equipment recommended for the activity. The workers exposed to pesticides had worse results in High-Frequency Audiometry tests in comparison with those who had no contact with pesticides (p < 0.0001). High-Frequency Audiometry has proved to be a useful and effective tool in the early detection of hearing loss caused by pesticides.
Os agrotóxicos podem causar inúmeros problemas de saúde e são considerados agentes otoagressores. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características auditivas nas altas frequências em trabalhadores com e sem exposição aos agrotóxicos, que apresentaram resultados normais na audiometria convencional. Estudo transversal com 87 trabalhadores, de ambos os gêneros, entre 19 e 59 anos, com vínculo de trabalho formal, informal e/ou que atuavam na agricultura familiar e realizaram Audiometria de Altas Frequências. O uso de glifosato foi relatado por 73% dos trabalhadores e as misturas de agrotóxicos diversos ocorreram em 78% deles. Não foi identificado uso adequado dos equipamentos de proteção individual recomendados para a atividade agrícola. Os trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos apresentaram piores resultados na Audiometria de Altas Frequências quando comparados aos que não tiveram contato com agrotóxicos (p < 0,0001). A Audiometria de Altas Frequências pode ser considerada um instrumento sensível para detectar, precocemente, alterações auditivas em trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos, e, seu uso em serviços de saúde poderá contribuir para as ações de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Adulto , Audiometria , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Testes Auditivos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , População Rural , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo Os agrotóxicos podem causar inúmeros problemas de saúde e são considerados agentes otoagressores. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características auditivas nas altas frequências em trabalhadores com e sem exposição aos agrotóxicos, que apresentaram resultados normais na audiometria convencional. Estudo transversal com 87 trabalhadores, de ambos os gêneros, entre 19 e 59 anos, com vínculo de trabalho formal, informal e/ou que atuavam na agricultura familiar e realizaram Audiometria de Altas Frequências. O uso de glifosato foi relatado por 73% dos trabalhadores e as misturas de agrotóxicos diversos ocorreram em 78% deles. Não foi identificado uso adequado dos equipamentos de proteção individual recomendados para a atividade agrícola. Os trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos apresentaram piores resultados na Audiometria de Altas Frequências quando comparados aos que não tiveram contato com agrotóxicos (p < 0,0001). A Audiometria de Altas Frequências pode ser considerada um instrumento sensível para detectar, precocemente, alterações auditivas em trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos, e, seu uso em serviços de saúde poderá contribuir para as ações de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador.
Abstract Pesticides may cause a number of health problems and are considered oto-agressive agents. The objective of this study was to investigate the high frequency hearing characteristics of workers both with and without exposure to pesticides, that presented normal conventional audiometry. It involved a cross-sectional study with 87 workers, of both genders, between 19 and 59 years, with formal or informal jobs and some of whom worked with family agriculture, either using pesticides or not, who had taken High-Frequency Audiometry tests. The use of glyphosate was reported by 73% of workers and several pesticide mixtures occurred in 78% of them. There were no cases of proper use of personal protective equipment recommended for the activity. The workers exposed to pesticides had worse results in High-Frequency Audiometry tests in comparison with those who had no contact with pesticides (p < 0.0001). High-Frequency Audiometry has proved to be a useful and effective tool in the early detection of hearing loss caused by pesticides.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , População Rural , Audiometria , Estudos Transversais , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Testes Auditivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/diagnósticoRESUMO
Chronic pain is a continuous or recurring pain which exceeds the normal course of recovery to an injury or disease. According to the origin of the chronic pain, it can be classified as inflammatory or neuropathic. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of (-)-α-bisabolol (BIS) alone and complexed with ß-cyclodextrin (ßCD) in preclinical models of chronic pain. Chronic pain was induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) or partial lesion of the sciatic nerve (PLSN). Swiss mice were treated with BIS, BIS-ßCD (50â¯mg/kg, p.o) or vehicle (control) and mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, muscle strength and motor coordination were evaluated. In addition, levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and expression of the ionized calcium-binding adapter protein (IBA-1) were assessed in the spinal cord of the mice. The complexation efficiency of BIS in ßCD was evaluated by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BIS and BIS-ßCD reduced (pâ¯<â¯0.001) mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. No alterations were found in force and motor coordination. In addition, BIS and BIS-ßCD inhibited (pâ¯<â¯0.05) TNF-α production in the spinal cord and stimulated (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the release of IL-10 in the spinal cord in PLSN-mice. Further, BIS and BIS-ßCD reduced IBA-1 immunostaining. Therefore, BIS and BIS-ßCD attenuated hyperalgesia, deregulated cytokine release and inhibited IBA-1 expression in the spinal cord in the PLSN model. Moreover, our results show that the complexation of BIS in ßCD reduced the therapeutic dose of BIS. We conclude that BIS is a promising molecule for the treatment of chronic pain.
Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Gliose/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos/uso terapêutico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , beta-Ciclodextrinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/biossíntese , Adjuvante de Freund , Temperatura Alta , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/biossíntese , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuralgia/induzido quimicamente , Neuralgia/metabolismo , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropatia Ciática/tratamento farmacológico , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity of studies estimating the association between risk factors (age, gender, and polypharmacy) and the use of potentially inappropriate drug therapy for the elderly (PIDT). METHODOLOGY: This study is a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases were reviewed. The following data were extracted from the included studies: country, type of study, characteristics of the sample, practice scenarios, instruments to evaluate potentially inappropriate drug therapy for the older adults, and patient-related variables. RESULTS: Twenty-nine articles (17 cross-sectional and 12 cohort) were included. The majority of the studies were conducted in Europe. Regarding the study durations, 3 to 18 months was necessary to perform the research. As for the sample characteristics, all the studies analyzed involved the older adults and included anywhere from 96 patients to 33,830,599 outpatient consultations. Of the variables analyzed, only polypharmacy presented a positive association with the use of PIDT. All meta-analysis studies showed high heterogeneity, indicating the lack of a methodological standardization of the studies included, among other factors.
Assuntos
Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Prescrição Inadequada/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery has been the intervention of choice in many cases of cardiovascular diseases. Susceptibility to postoperative complications, cardiac rehabilitation is indicated. Therapeutic resources, such as virtual reality has been helping the rehabilitational process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of virtual reality in the functional rehabilitation of patients in the postoperative period. METHODS: Patients were randomized into two groups, Virtual Reality (VRG, n = 30) and Control (CG, n = 30). The response to treatment was assessed through the functional independence measure (FIM), by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Evaluations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: On the first day after surgery, patients in both groups showed decreased functional performance. However, the VRG showed lower reduction (45.712.3) when compared to CG (35.0612.09, P<0.05) in first postoperative day, and no significant difference in performance on discharge day (P>0.05). In evaluating the NHP field, we observed a significant decrease in pain score at third assessment (P<0.05). These patients also had a higher energy level in the first evaluation (P<0.05). There were no differences with statistical significance for emotional reactions, physical ability, and social interaction. The length of stay was significantly shorter in patients of VRG (9.410.5 days vs. 12.2 1 0.9 days, P<0.05), which also had a higher 6MWD (319.9119.3 meters vs. 263.5115.4 meters, P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Adjunctive treatment with virtual reality demonstrated benefits, with better functional performance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/reabilitação , Idoso , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/reabilitação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/reabilitação , Teste de Esforço , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/reabilitação , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Qualidade de Vida , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Terapia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery has been the intervention of choice in many cases of cardiovascular diseases. Susceptibility to postoperative complications, cardiac rehabilitation is indicated. Therapeutic resources, such as virtual reality has been helping the rehabilitational process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of virtual reality in the functional rehabilitation of patients in the postoperative period. METHODS: Patients were randomized into two groups, Virtual Reality (VRG, n = 30) and Control (CG, n = 30). The response to treatment was assessed through the functional independence measure (FIM), by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Evaluations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: On the first day after surgery, patients in both groups showed decreased functional performance. However, the VRG showed lower reduction (45.712.3) when compared to CG (35.0612.09, P<0.05) in first postoperative day, and no significant difference in performance on discharge day (P>0.05). In evaluating the NHP field, we observed a significant decrease in pain score at third assessment (P<0.05). These patients also had a higher energy level in the first evaluation (P<0.05). There were no differences with statistical significance for emotional reactions, physical ability, and social interaction. The length of stay was significantly shorter in patients of VRG (9.410.5 days vs. 12.2 1 0.9 days, P<0.05), which also had a higher 6MWD (319.9119.3 meters vs. 263.5115.4 meters, P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Adjunctive treatment with virtual reality demonstrated benefits, with better functional performance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia cardíaca tem sido a intervenção de escolha em muitos casos de doenças cardiovasculares. Pela susceptibilidade a complicações pós-operatórias, a reabilitação cardíaca é indicada. Recursos terapêuticos, como a realidade virtual, tem favorecido o processo reabilitacional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o uso da realidade virtual na reabilitação funcional de pacientes pós-cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos, Realidade Virtual (GRV, n=30) e Grupo Controle (GC, n=30). A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada por meio do Questionário de Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e do Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham (PSN). Os questionários foram aplicados no pré e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: No primeiro dia de pós-operatório, os pacientes de ambos os grupos demonstraram diminuição do desempenho funcional. No entanto, essa perda foi menor no GRV (45,712,3) em relação ao GC (35,0612,09, P<0,05), sem diferença significativa no momento da alta hospitalar (P>0,05). Na avaliação do PSN, foi observada menor intensidade da dor no terceiro momento de avaliação no GRV (P<0,05). Esses pacientes também apresentaram maior nível de energia na primeira avaliação (P<0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças com significância estatística para reações emocionais, habilidade física e interação social. O tempo de internação foi significativamente menor nos pacientes do GRV (P<0,05), que também apresentaram maior distância percorrida no TC6 (319,9119,3 metros vs. 263,5115,4 metros, P<0,02). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com a realidade virtual foi eficaz em proporcionar melhor desempenho funcional pós-operatório.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/reabilitação , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/reabilitação , Teste de Esforço , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/reabilitação , Tempo de Internação , Período Pós-Operatório , Qualidade de Vida , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/reabilitação , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia Assistida por Computador/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The dengue fever remains to be a disease of serious public health concern, and its incidence has increased in the past decades. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological incidence of dengue in the period 2001-2010. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study of dengue in the municipality of Aracaju, state of Sergipe, in the period between 2001 and 2010, whose data were obtained from the Information System of Diseases Notifications. A descriptive analysis of the number of confirmed cases of dengue, according to year, semester, sanitary district, age, and sex, was performed. RESULTS: There were 16,462 confirmed cases, especially in 2008, which obtained the highest incidence of the disease, with 10,485 confirmed cases. The first semester obtained the highest registration of cases during the years of research; this was predominated by females between 15 and 49 years old. With regard to the territorial distribution, the second district of the municipality obtained the highest number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In 2008, in the City of Aracaju, SE, a significant increase in the proportion of dengue cases compared with other years was verified. However, a fast decline in the other years was observed, possibly because of the intensification of preventive actions to combat the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus.
INTRODUÇÃO: A dengue permanece como uma doença de elevada significância para a saúde pública e sua incidência tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a incidência epidemiológica da dengue no período de 2001-2010. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico da dengue no município de Aracaju, Sergipe, no período de 2001 a 2010, cujos dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificações. Foi realizada a análise descritiva do número de casos confirmados de dengue segundo ano, semestre, distrito sanitário, faixa etária e sexo. RESULTADOS: Foram confirmados 16.462 casos, com destaque para o ano de 2008, o qual obteve maior incidência da doença, com 10.485 casos confirmados. O primeiro semestre obteve maior registro dos casos em todos os anos da pesquisa, com predomínio do sexo feminino e da faixa etária de 15-49 anos. Com relação à distribuição territorial, destaque para o segundo distrito do município que apresentou maior número de casos. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se que no ano de 2008, na Cidade de Aracaju, SE, houve aumento significativo da proporção de casos de dengue em relação aos demais anos. No entanto, nota-se um declínio vertiginoso nos anos posteriores, possivelmente devido à intensificação de ações de prevenção e combate ao mosquito transmissor do vírus da dengue.