RESUMO
Wheat blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is an emerging threat to wheat production. To identify genomic regions associated with blast resistance against MoT isolates in Bolivia and Bangladesh, we performed a large genome-wide association mapping study using 8607 observations on 1106 lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre's International Bread Wheat Screening Nurseries (IBWSNs) and Semi-Arid Wheat Screening Nurseries (SAWSNs). We identified 36 significant markers on chromosomes 2AS, 3BL, 4AL and 7BL with consistent effects across panels or site-years, including 20 markers that were significant in all the 49 datasets and tagged the 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa. The mean blast index of lines with and without the 2NS translocation was 2.7 ± 4.5 and 53.3 ± 15.9, respectively, that substantiates its strong effect on blast resistance. Furthermore, we fingerprinted a large panel of 4143 lines for the 2NS translocation that provided excellent insights into its frequency over years and indicated its presence in 94.1 and 93.7% of lines in the 2019 IBWSN and SAWSN, respectively. Overall, this study reinforces the effectiveness of the 2NS translocation for blast resistance and emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel non-2NS sources of blast resistance.
Assuntos
Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Magnaporthe/fisiologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Triticum/genética , Bangladesh , Bolívia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: Wheat blast resistance in Caninde#1 is controlled by a major QTL on 2NS/2AS translocation and multiple minor QTL in an additive mode. Wheat blast (WB) is a devastating disease in South America, and it recently also emerged in Bangladesh. Host resistance to WB has relied heavily on the 2NS/2AS translocation, but the responsible QTL has not been mapped and its phenotypic effects in different environments have not been reported. In the current study, a recombinant inbred line population with 298 progenies was generated, with the female and male parents being Caninde#1 (with 2NS) and Alondra (without 2NS), respectively. Phenotyping was carried out in two locations in Bolivia, namely Quirusillas and Okinawa, and one location in Bangladesh, Jashore, with two sowing dates in each of the two cropping seasons in each location, during the years 2017-2019. Genotyping was performed with the DArTseq® technology along with five previously reported STS markers in the 2NS region. QTL mapping identified a major and consistent QTL on 2NS/2AS region, explaining between 22.4 and 50.1% of the phenotypic variation in different environments. Additional QTL were detected on chromosomes 1AS, 2BL, 3AL, 4BS, 4DL and 7BS, all additive to the 2NS QTL and showing phenotypic effects less than 10%. Two codominant STS markers, WGGB156 and WGGB159, were linked proximally to the 2NS/2AS QTL with a genetic distance of 0.9 cM, being potentially useful in marker-assisted selection.