RESUMO
Macauba palm coconuts are rich in essential nutrients for animal feed formulation and after oil extraction, a large amount of residual biomass is produced, which must be used rationally to environmental preservation. This study aimed to determine the nutritional value of macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata), cake and leaves, for its physical and chemical composition, dry matter (DM) in vitro digestibility (IVD) and in situ degradability. The test of in situ degradability was done using three rumen fistulated cattle. Analytical determinations were performed in the laboratory of Animal Nutrition of Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa-SP, Brazil. Six replicates were used for each analytical determination and were calculated the standard error. Macauba cake chemically assessed showed a low protein content (CP 4.5%) and high content of acid detergent fibre (ADF 39.7%) and average levels of neutral detergent fibre (NDF 52.5%). ADF and NDF were the macauba palm cake majority fractions compared NDF and ADF (respectively) of cocoa cake (37.6 and 45.5%), sunflower cake (28.2 and 38.4%), corn meal (11.3 and 20.2%) and peanut cake (15.4 and 21.0). Macauba palm leaves had a good protein content (12.0%) and fiber content comparable to tropical grass of good nutritional value. They can be used with no restriction on ruminants diets. The macauba palm cake high levels of lignin (16.5%) justify th
ês.
RESUMO
Macauba palm coconuts are rich in essential nutrients for animal feed formulation and after oil extraction, a large amount of residual biomass is produced, which must be used rationally to environmental preservation. This study aimed to determine the nutritional value of macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata), cake and leaves, for its physical and chemical composition, dry matter (DM) in vitro digestibility (IVD) and in situ degradability. The test of in situ degradability was done using three rumen fistulated cattle. Analytical determinations were performed in the laboratory of Animal Nutrition of Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa-SP, Brazil. Six replicates were used for each analytical determination and were calculated the standard error. Macauba cake chemically assessed showed a low protein content (CP 4.5%) and high content of acid detergent fibre (ADF 39.7%) and average levels of neutral detergent fibre (NDF 52.5%). ADF and NDF were the macauba palm cake majority fractions compared NDF and ADF (respectively) of cocoa cake (37.6 and 45.5%), sunflower cake (28.2 and 38.4%), corn meal (11.3 and 20.2%) and peanut cake (15.4 and 21.0). Macauba palm leaves had a good protein content (12.0%) and fiber content comparable to tropical grass of good nutritional value. They can be used with no restriction on ruminants diets. The macauba palm cake high levels of lignin (16.5%) justify th
ês.
RESUMO
Studies on animal nutrition have shown factors that affect livestock yield and their interaction with the environment, through assessments on food nutritional values, nutrient metabolism in livestock and biochemical parameters related to nutrition and animal breeding. Inclusion levels of hay Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte in the diet of sheep were studied by measuring the dry matter intake (DMI), production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and rumen pH. Four males Santa Inês sheep with cannulas in the rumen were used in a 4x4 Latin Square design with four periods (21 days each) and four treatments that corresponded to the inclusion levels (0%, 30%, 60% and 100%) of Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte to replace grass hay Cynodon dactylon cv. Coastcross in the diet. The DMI showed a quadratic effect increased until treatment with 60% of Arachis and reduced in the treatment with 100% of the legume. Significant interaction was observed between treatments and sampling times for NH3-N and acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration and the acetate:propionate ratio. There was no interaction between treatments and sampling time for rumen pH and total VFA concentration. It is observed a rapid increase in ammonia concentration until 2 hours after the feeding, and then a decline is seen. At 8 hours after the feeding, the quadratic effect occurred (P0.05) increasing NH
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The use of legumes in animal production systems can be a sustainable alternative as a protein source in rotational grazing system and/or as a protein bank. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) figure as an example of success of this use on animal nutrition. The development of this species can be limited by the high acidity and low soil phosphorus content. There is a lack of scientific information on the effects of liming and phosphorus fertilization on some nutritional variables of two pigeon pea new hybrids. This study was conducted in pots containing 5 kg of soil in a greenhouse at the Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, São Paulo State. There were studied two pigeon pea hybrids, H1 and H2, and the treatments involved agronomic practices: 1) No liming and without phosphorus (control), 2) Liming (L), 3) Phosphorus fertilization (P) and 4) Liming plus phosphorus. Liming was proposed to increase soil base saturation to 50%, it was used dolomite lime PRNT = 90%, in an amount corresponding to 4.5 t/ha. Phosphorus fertilization (as superphosphate) rate was 60 kg/ha of PO25. The experimental units were allocated according to a complete randomised block design, with five replications. We analyzed the levels of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in pigeon pea shoot at 45 days of age. Statistical analyzes were performed using the software
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The use of legumes in animal production systems can be a sustainable alternative as a protein source in rotational grazing system and/or as a protein bank. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) figure as an example of success of this use on animal nutrition. The development of this species can be limited by the high acidity and low soil phosphorus content. There is a lack of scientific information on the effects of liming and phosphorus fertilization on some nutritional variables of two pigeon pea new hybrids. This study was conducted in pots containing 5 kg of soil in a greenhouse at the Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, São Paulo State. There were studied two pigeon pea hybrids, H1 and H2, and the treatments involved agronomic practices: 1) No liming and without phosphorus (control), 2) Liming (L), 3) Phosphorus fertilization (P) and 4) Liming plus phosphorus. Liming was proposed to increase soil base saturation to 50%, it was used dolomite lime PRNT = 90%, in an amount corresponding to 4.5 t/ha. Phosphorus fertilization (as superphosphate) rate was 60 kg/ha of PO25. The experimental units were allocated according to a complete randomised block design, with five replications. We analyzed the levels of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in pigeon pea shoot at 45 days of age. Statistical analyzes were performed using the software
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Studies on animal nutrition have shown factors that affect livestock yield and their interaction with the environment, through assessments on food nutritional values, nutrient metabolism in livestock and biochemical parameters related to nutrition and animal breeding. Inclusion levels of hay Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte in the diet of sheep were studied by measuring the dry matter intake (DMI), production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and rumen pH. Four males Santa Inês sheep with cannulas in the rumen were used in a 4x4 Latin Square design with four periods (21 days each) and four treatments that corresponded to the inclusion levels (0%, 30%, 60% and 100%) of Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte to replace grass hay Cynodon dactylon cv. Coastcross in the diet. The DMI showed a quadratic effect increased until treatment with 60% of Arachis and reduced in the treatment with 100% of the legume. Significant interaction was observed between treatments and sampling times for NH3-N and acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration and the acetate:propionate ratio. There was no interaction between treatments and sampling time for rumen pH and total VFA concentration. It is observed a rapid increase in ammonia concentration until 2 hours after the feeding, and then a decline is seen. At 8 hours after the feeding, the quadratic effect occurred (P0.05) increasing NH
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter content in related to the time of dehydration in the shed, the crude protein content, mineral matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid and in vitro digestibility of the legume Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte, in three cut. The experiment was installed in an area of 0,5 ha-1, already deployed with Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte at Institute of Animal Science Pastures, Nova Odessa, São Paulo. The experimental design was randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three cut (30, 60 and 75 days of growth). We evaluated the dry matter content of Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte, with samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 30 hours of dehydration in the shed. Variables neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased with advancing age of the plant. There was a decrease in crude protein and mineral matter. The age cut-off had no effect on digestibility in vitro. Increases in dry matter content with increasing age of the cuts, and water loss was more speed in the early hours of dehydration. The legume hay presented great nutritional characteristics, with high crude protein and fiber contents appropriate, being an excellent choice of forage for ruminants, even in the most advanced cutting ages.
Realizou-se este trabalho visando à avaliação do teor de matéria seca em relação ao tempo de desidratação em galpão, o teor de proteína bruta, de matéria mineral, de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido e a digestibilidade in vitro da leguminosa Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte, em três idades de corte. O experimento foi instalado em área de 0,5 ha-1, já implantado com Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte no Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, São Paulo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram três idades de corte (30, 60 e 75 dias de crescimento). Avaliou-se o teor de matéria seca do Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte, com amostras coletadas nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 e 30 horas de desidratação em galpão. As características da forragem avaliadas foram fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido que se elevaram com o avanço da idade da planta. Houve decréscimo nos teores de proteína bruta e de matéria mineral. As idades de corte não tiveram efeito sobre a digestibilidade in vitro. Houve aumento no teor de matéria seca com o avanço na idade dos cortes, sendo que a perda de água ocorreu com maior velocidade nas primeiras horas de desidratação. O feno da leguminosa apresentou ótimas características nutricionais, com elevados teores de proteína bruta e teores de fibra adequados, sendo uma excelente opção de forrageira
RESUMO
We carried out a study to assess the dry matter related to exposure time for dehydration en shed, crude protein, mineral matter (ash), neutral and acid detergent fiber , hemicellulose and in vitro digestibility of elephantgrass cv Paraiso in three cutting ages. The experiment was installed in an area of 1.0 ha, already deployed with elephant grass Paradise in the Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, São Paulo. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. The treatments were three cut (45, 60 and 75 days of growth). It was evaluated the level of dry matter elephangrass Paraiso, with samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 and 30 hours of drying. Variables hemicellulose and neutral and acid detergent fiber increased with advancing age of the plant. There was a decrease in crude protein content and in vitro digestibility. The ages cutting had no effect on the ash level, dry matter increased with the age cut, showing a greater loss of water in the early hours of exposure for the deydration.
Realizou-se o estudo para avaliar o teor de matéria seca em relação ao tempo de desidratação em galpão, o teor de proteína bruta, de matéria mineral, de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, de hemicelulose e a digestibilidade do capim Pennisetum hybridum cv. Paraíso, em três idades de corte. O experimento foi instalado em área de 1,0 ha1, já implantado com capim elefante Paraíso no Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, São Paulo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os tratamentos estudados foram três idades de corte (45, 60 e 75 dias de crescimento). Avaliou-se o teor de matéria seca (MS) do capim elefante Paraíso, com amostras coletadas nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 e 30 horas de desidratação em galpão. As variáveis hemicelulose e fibra em detergente neutro e ácido se elevaram com o avanço da idade da planta. Houve decréscimo no teor de proteína bruta e na digestibilidade in vitro. As idades de corte não tiveram efeito sobre o teor de matéria mineral e a matéria seca foi incrementada com as idades de corte, evidenciando uma perda de água maior nas primeiras horas de desidratação.
RESUMO
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of wilting and biological additive amendment on chemical composition, fermentation and ruminal degradability of Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte silage. The following treatments were analysed: T1- Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte fresh forage; T2 - Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte fresh forage plus bacterial additive added to the forage prior to the ensilage; T3- Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte wilted by the sun for 4 hours; T4- Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte wilted by the sun plus bacterial additive. The degradability assay was carried out using three rumen-fistuled steers. The biological additive did not affect the chemical composition of silages, in situ degradability of nutrients DM, NDF and CP and of silage fermentation. However, the wilting treatments of the silages increased DM, CP, hemicelulose and decreased N-NH3 concentration, pH value, degradability of soluble fraction a from DM NDF and CP. The analysed characteristics suggest that Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte could satisfactorily preserve the forage quality if wilted by the sun during 4 hours, after harvested.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do emurchecimento e da adição de aditivo biológico comercial sobre a composição química, perfil de fermentação e degradabilidade in situ das silagens de Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte. Os tratamentos aplicados a biomassa da leguminosa ensilada foram: T1-Arachis in natura; T2- Arachis in natura + aditivo biológico; T3 Arachis emurchecido por 4 horas; T4- Arachis emurchecido por 4 horas + aditivo biológico. Para o ensaio de degradabilidade in situ foram utilizados três bovinos machos mestiços. O aditivo biológico não afetou a composição da silagem e a degradabilidade in situ dos nutrientes MS, FDN e PB e não melhorou o processo fermentativo das silagens. Entretanto o emurchecimento atuou de maneira positiva aumentando os teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta e hemicelulose e diminuindo as concentrações de N-NH3, valores de pH, degradabilidade da fração solúvel a da MS, FDN e PB das silagens emurchecidas. Pelas características analisadas conclui-se que o Arachis pintoi cv Belmonte pode ser armazenado após o processo de emurchecimento de 4 horas na forma de silagem, sendo desta forma capaz de manter qualidade nutricional da forragem.
RESUMO
This work was conducted in the Development Research Unit, in Itapetininga (23º35"30""S, 48º03"11""W and 670 m altitude), SP, Brazil, in a red darkness latosol, the Rami (Boehmeria nivea cv. Myasaki) was evaluated under two nitrogen sources (mineral: ammonium sulphate; organic: manure) and four cutting frequencies (28, 35, 42 and 49 days). Each N source, application in the basis of 100 kg/ha/year of N, was made after each cut. From May 2006 to May 2007, after the uniformity cut 13, 10, 8 and 7 cuts were made at 28; 35; 42 and 49 days interval. Fresh matter (FM), dry matter at 65ºC (DM at 65ºC), dry matter (DM), digestible dry matter, crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) yields, as well quantities of calcium extracted (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were evaluated. There weren"t statistical significantly between two N sources in the studied variables. Dry matter production increased in a positive linear way with increased cutting interval. Year production of FM, DM at 65ºC, DM and CP reached 132.37; 19.24; 17.71 and 3.4 t ha-1, respectively. Ramie CP and DM yield were higher than quoted by a good quality tree legume, and their nutritional characteristics slowed conditions to satisfactory attend small ruminant"s requirements.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção e características nutricionais do rami, sob quatro frequências de corte, cada uma delas submetidas a duas fontes de nitrogênio (mineral e orgânico). De maio de 2006 a maio de 2007 foram realizados 13, 10, 8 e 7 cortes nas frequências 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias, respectivamente, adubadas após cada corte, com nitrogênio mineral (sulfato de amônio) ou orgânico (resíduo de limpeza de piso aviário), na dosagem de 100 kg ha-1 de N, parcelada pelo número de cortes. Após o corte de uniformização do rami, tendo sido aplicado o calcário dolomítico e adubado com P, K e N, a área foi submetida a um pisoteio animal e irrigada para melhor incorporação do corretivo. Determinaram-se as produções de matéria verde (MV), matéria seca parcial (MS a 65ºC), matéria seca total (MS), matéria seca digestível (MS digestível), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra bruta (FB), bem como as quantidades de cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) removidas. As duas fontes de N não proporcionaram diferenças estatísticas significativas nas variáveis estudadas. Na produção de MS, a variação da frequência de corte de 28 dias para a de 49 dias foi linearmente positiva (P 0,01). A produção anual de MV, MS a 65ºC, MS e PB atingiram valores de 132,37; 19,24; 17,71 e 3,40 t ha-1, respectivamente. As características nutricionais podem atender de forma satisfatória os requerimentos de pequenos rumi