RESUMO
We investigated whether high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was independently associated with lower risk of incident hypertension. Participants included 5632 adults, without hypertension at the baseline (2008-2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, who took part in the second follow-up visit (2012-2014). Adherence to the DASH diet was estimated at baseline using a score based on eight food items (final scores from 8 to 40 points) and was categorised as high adherence (≥30 points, or ≥75 %) and low adherence (<75 %; reference). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. The association between adherence to the DASH diet and the risk of incident hypertension was estimated using Cox regression models adjusted by covariates. In total, 780 new cases of hypertension (13·8 %) were identified in about 3·8-year follow-up. Participants with high adherence to the DASH diet had 26 % lower risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·95) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, diabetes and family history of hypertension. The HR reduced to 0·81 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·04) and was of borderline statistical significance after adjustment for BMI, suggesting that lower body weight explains about 10 % of the association between high adherence to the DASH diet and hypertension risk reduction. The results indicate that high adherence to the DASH diet lowered the risk of hypertension by one-fourth over a relatively short follow-up period.
Assuntos
Abordagens Dietéticas para Conter a Hipertensão , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Animais , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Camundongos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of canthaxanthin and cholecalciferol (25OHD3) to broiler breeders and their progenies on their performance. Eighty 25-wk-old Cobb 500 broiler breeders were distributed according to a completely randomized design in 2 experimental treatments, with 10 replicates of 4 birds each. The treatments consisted of the supplementation or not of a corn-soybean meal diet with canthaxanthin + 25OHD3 to broiler breeders fed from 25 to 62 wk of age. Egg production, fertility, hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, embryonic mortality, and egg specific gravity were evaluated. Breeders were inseminated at 35, 45, and 62 wk of age, the eggs were incubated, and the performance of the progenies was evaluated. From the progeny of each breeder age, 300 male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (chicks from breeders supplemented or not with canthaxanthin + 25OHD3 and chicks supplemented or not with canthaxanthin + 25OHD3), totaling 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 15 birds each. Canthaxanthin + 25OHD3 were supplied to the chicks until 21 D of age. The combination of canthaxanthin and 25OHD3, containing 69 mg of 25OHD3 and 6 g of canthaxanthin, was supplemented at 1 kg/t of feed. Breeders supplemented with canthaxanthin + 25OHD3 showed higher egg production, total hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, and lower early embryo mortality compared with those fed the control diet. Broilers from breeders fed canthaxanthin + 25OHD3 and supplemented with this additive up to 21 D of age presented a better feed conversion ratio and higher carcass and breast yields than those derived from nonsupplemented breeders.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Calcifediol/farmacologia , Cantaxantina/farmacologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Carne/análise , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitaminas/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Feminino , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Vitamins play an essential role in broiler nutrition. They are fundamental for normal metabolic and physiological process, and their requirements for poultry are not fixed and can be affected by multiple factors. In contrast, mycotoxins are a challenging issue because they hinder performance and the immune system. Vitamin supplementation above minimum requirements would permit improvement in productive potential, health, bone and meat quality in a situation of mycotoxin challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of optimum vitamin nutrition in diets contaminated with aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 44 days of age. A total of 1800 Cobb 500 male chicks were randomized to 15 sets of eight treatment groups, each containing 15 birds using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design (commercial vitamin levels and high vitamin levels, two levels of aflatoxin - 0 and 0.5 ppm with binder levels of 0 and 10 000 mg/kg). The mash diets were corn and soybean meal based, formulated according to commercial practices. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were analyzed for birds from 1 to 44 days of age. To determine carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and leg yield) and black bone syndrome, two birds were slaughtered from each group at 45 days. Other analyses included breast tenderness, water loss by dripping and malonaldehyde concentrations. The results demonstrated that broilers that were fed high levels of vitamins showed better weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and breast yield than broilers that were fed diets with commercial vitamin levels (P < 0.05); also, broilers that were fed diets containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin had lower weight gain, carcass yield and breast yield (P < 0.05). The use of 10 000 mg/kg of binder improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion throughout the rearing period. We conclude that aflatoxin negatively affects performance and carcass yield; however, feeding optimum vitamin nutrition improved these performance traits.
Assuntos
Aflatoxinas/efeitos adversos , Doenças Ósseas/veterinária , Galinhas , Carne/análise , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Aflatoxinas/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Doenças Ósseas/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas/etiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/etiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Vitaminas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different trace mineral supplementation sources in the diet of broiler breeders on their performance and on their progenies. In total, 128 Cobb 500 broiler breeders were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in 2 experimental treatments. The control group was fed a diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (ITM), while the other group was fed a diet supplemented with reduced levels of trace minerals in the organic form. Eggs were collected when breeders were 35, 47, and 53 wk old. Their progeny (450 hatchlings) were divided according to trace mineral supplementation source from the maternal diet, creating 2 treatments with 16 replicates of 15 birds each. Organic trace mineral (OTM) supplementation improved broiler breeder performance, as shown by higher egg production and better eggshell quality of OTM-fed hens compared with those fed ITM. Egg fertility and hatchability were not influenced by the treatments. As to progeny performance, higher weight gain, and consequently, better feed conversion ratio, were obtained in the 41-day-old progenies of OTM-fed breeders, independently of hen age. Maternal diet trace mineral source did not affect broiler carcass, breast meat, or leg yields. The results of the present study show that supplementing broiler breeder diets with organic trace mineral sources enhances the performance of breeders and their progenies.
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Minerais/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Feminino , Compostos Inorgânicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Inorgânicos/metabolismo , Minerais/administração & dosagem , Compostos Orgânicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Orgânicos/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Mitochondria are central key players in cell metabolism, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) instability has been linked to metabolic changes that contribute to tumorigenesis and to increased expression of pro-tumorigenic genes. Here, we use melanoma cell lines and metastatic melanoma tumors to evaluate the effect of mtDNA alterations and the expression of the mtDNA packaging factor, TFAM, on energetic metabolism and pro-tumorigenic nuclear gene expression changes. We report a positive correlation between mtDNA copy number, glucose consumption, and ATP production in melanoma cell lines. Gene expression analysis reveals a down-regulation of glycolytic enzymes in cell lines and an up-regulation of amino acid metabolism enzymes in melanoma tumors, suggesting that TFAM may shift melanoma fuel utilization from glycolysis towards amino acid metabolism, especially glutamine. Indeed, proliferation assays reveal that TFAM-down melanoma cell lines display a growth arrest in glutamine-free media, emphasizing that these cells rely more on glutamine metabolism than glycolysis. Finally, our data indicate that TFAM correlates to VEGF expression and may contribute to tumorigenesis by triggering a more invasive gene expression signature. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how TFAM affects melanoma cell metabolism, and they provide new insight into the mechanisms by which TFAM and mtDNA copy number influence melanoma tumorigenesis.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/genética , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Glutamina/genética , Glutamina/metabolismo , Glicólise/genética , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm that seems to be linked to socio-economic differences. Mitochondrial genome alterations are common in many tumors types and are reported as regulating oxidative metabolism and impacting tumorigenesis. In this study, we evaluate for the first time the mitochondrial genome in penile carcinoma (PeCa), aiming to evaluate heteroplasmy, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutational load and mtDNA content in Penile tumors. Using next generation sequencing (NGS), we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of 13 penile tumors and 12 non-neoplastic tissue samples, which allowed us to identify mtDNA variants and heteroplasmy. We further evaluated variant's pathogenicity using Mutpred predictive software and calculated mtDNA content using quantitative PCR. Mitochondrial genome sequencing revealed an increase number of non-synonymous variants in the tumor tissue, along with higher frequency of heteroplasmy and mtDNA depletion in penile tumors, suggesting an increased mitochondrial instability in penile tumors. We also described a list of mitochondrial variants found in penile tumor and normal tissue, including five novel variants found in the tumoral tissue. Our results showed an increased mitochondrial genome instability in penile tumors. We also suggest that mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mtDNA variants may act together to imbalance mitochondrial function in PeCa. The better understanding of mitochondrial biology can bring new insights on mechanisms and open a new field for therapy in PeCa.
Assuntos
Mitocôndrias/genética , Neoplasias Penianas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sequência de Bases , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Genoma/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C causes chronic hepatic inflammation, which can lead to cirrhosis, terminal liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The treatment aims to achieve viral clearance, but the usage of pegylated interferon and ribavirin is linked to side effects such as severe weight loss, which can lead to complications and treatment discontinuation. The aim of this study was to investigate which anthropometric measures were more affected in patients with chronic hepatitis C during 24 weeks of treatment with pegy lated interferon and ribavirin. Then, the influence of age, sex, hepatic fibrosis stage, and ribavirin doses on each measure was also evaluated. METHODS: Seventy-six patients were included and their weight, triceps skin fold thickness, arm circumference, middle-arm muscle circumference, and corrected arm muscle area were measured before and after 24 weeks of treatment. Epidemiological data and liver biopsy findings were obtained from patients' records. The sample was divided into two groups: one with advanced hepatic fibrosis and another group with mild to moderate fibrosis. Comparisons into each group were made using Wilcoxon or paired tests. After that, a linear regression model was applied to estimate the anthropometric changes during the treatment according to age, sex, hepatic fibrosis stage, and ribavirin doses. RESULTS: The subjects suffered reductions of important anthropometric measures, mainly related to fat mass (p<0.001).Some decrease of fat-free mass was also observed in subjects with advanced fibrosis. The statistic model showed that age and sex were more associated with the anthropometric changes observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the antiviral treatment caused loss of relevant anthropometric measures, and the model proposed was able to estimate some of them