RESUMO

Farming externalities are believed to co-vary negatively, yet trade-offs have rarely been quantified systematically. Here we present data from UK and Brazilian pig production systems representative of most commercial systems across the world ranging from 'intensive' indoor systems through to extensive free range, Organic and woodland systems to explore co-variation among four major externality costs. We found that no specific farming type was consistently associated with good performance across all domains. Generally, systems with low land use have low greenhouse gas emissions but high antimicrobial use and poor animal welfare, and vice versa. Some individual systems performed well in all domains but were not exclusive to any particular type of farming system. Our findings suggest that trade-offs may be avoidable if mitigation focuses on lowering impacts within system types rather than simply changing types of farming.

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This study evaluates the degree of implementation (DI) of the Regulates+ Brazil project and analyzes to what extent the variations in implementation influence the results observed in access to specialized appointments in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This is an evaluative research of implementation analysis. A logic model and an analysis and judgment matrix with indicators for evaluating the degree of implementation and the results of the Project were developed and submitted to expert consensus. The data collection was conducted via a semi-structured questionnaire applied to key informants and secondary data extracted from the official documents from Regulates+ Brazil and Brazilian National Regulation System (SISREG), referring to the period from May/2020 to May/2021, which were consolidated and compared with values defined in the matrix. The degree of implementation of the Regulates+ Brazil project in Recife was considered to be implemented (83.7%), as well as the Structure (81.7%) and Methods (84.6%) dimensions. However, most effect indicators underperformed, which, when confronted, were consistent with bottlenecks observed in some components and subcomponents of the Project, such as the performance of professionals in basic health units, which was indicated as incipient, especially regarding follow-up of returned requests. The results suggest that any intervention in Telehealth requires, for its proper implementation, the adequacy of teams and work processes, practices of Continuing Education, as well as a continuous evaluation process, to achieve the expected results, or else it will become another bureaucratization and barrier to access.

Os objetivos foram avaliar o grau de implantação do projeto Regula+ Brasil e analisar em que medida as variações da implantação influenciam nos resultados observados no acesso a consultas especializadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de análise de implantação. Foram elaborados o modelo lógico e a matriz de análise e julgamento com os indicadores para avaliação do grau de implantação e de resultado do projeto, os quais foram submetidos ao consenso de especialistas. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário semiestruturado, aplicado com informantes-chave, e dados secundários extraídos dos documentos oficiais do projeto e do Sistema Nacional de Regulação (SISREG), referentes ao período de maio de 2020 a maio de 2021, os quais foram consolidados e comparados com valores definidos na matriz. O grau de implantação do projeto Regula+ Brasil em Recife foi considerado implantado (83,7%), bem como as dimensões Estrutura (81,7%) e Processo (84,6%). Entretanto, a maioria dos seus indicadores de efeito obtiveram desempenho insatisfatório. Quando confrontados, guardaram coerência com gargalos observados em alguns componentes e subcomponentes do projeto, como a atuação dos profissionais das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), apontada como incipiente, principalmente no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento das solicitações devolvidas. Os resultados sugerem que qualquer intervenção em telessaúde requer, para sua devida implantação e para o alcance dos resultados esperados, adequação das equipes e dos processos de trabalho, práticas de educação permanente e processo contínuo de avaliação, ou então se configurará em nova burocratização e barreira de acesso.

El objetivo fue evaluar el grado de implementación del proyecto Regula+ Brasil y analizar en qué medida las variaciones de la implementación influyen en los resultados observados en el acceso a consultas especializadas en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se trata de una investigación evaluativa del análisis de la implantación. Se elaboró un modelo lógico y una matriz de análisis y juicio con los indicadores para la evaluación de la grado de implementación y el resultado del Proyecto, los cuales se sometieron al consenso de especialistas. La recopilación de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario semiestructurado aplicado con informantes clave y datos secundarios extraídos de documentos oficiales del Regula+ Brasil y del Sistema Nacional de Regulación (SISREG), relativos al período de mayo de 2020 a mayo de 2021, los cuales fueron consolidados y comparados con valores definidos en el matriz. El grado de implementación del proyecto Regula+ Brasil en Recife fue considerado implementado (83,7%), así como las dimensiones Estructura (81,7%) y Proceso (84,6%). Sin embargo, la mayoría de sus indicadores de efecto obtuvieron un desempeño insatisfactorio, los cuales, al ser confrontados, fueron coherentes con los cuellos de botella observados en algunos componentes y subcomponentes del Proyecto, como el desempeño de los profesionales de las unidades básicas de salud, señalada como incipiente, sobre todo en lo que respecta al seguimiento de las solicitudes devueltas. Los resultados sugieren que toda intervención en Telesalud requiere, para su debida implantación, la adecuación de los equipos y de los procesos de trabajo, prácticas de Educación Permanente, así como un proceso continuo de evaluación, para alcanzar los resultados esperados, o entonces se configurará en una nueva burocratización y barrera de acceso.

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RESUMO

The distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from mangrove forests of the Rio de Janeiro State was investigated. Ten sampling stations were selected in the mangroves of Sepetiba Bay and the Jacarepaguá Lagoon Complex (JLC), which are areas affected by multiple human activities. The total aliphatic hydrocarbons concentrations showed marked variation between samples (27-407 µg g-1), mostly related to the total organic carbon contents. The total PAHs concentration ranged between 38 and 792 ng g-1. Diagnostic indices and statistical analysis showed that the mangrove forests can be divided into three groups: the western portion of Sepetiba Bay with the lowest level of contamination; the inner portion of the bay with the most intense presence of local sources of contamination, especially of pyrolytic character; and the JLC with a greater accumulation of hydrocarbons, mainly derived from petroleum combustion, resultant from the intense urbanization.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo: Os objetivos foram avaliar o grau de implantação do projeto Regula+ Brasil e analisar em que medida as variações da implantação influenciam nos resultados observados no acesso a consultas especializadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de análise de implantação. Foram elaborados o modelo lógico e a matriz de análise e julgamento com os indicadores para avaliação do grau de implantação e de resultado do projeto, os quais foram submetidos ao consenso de especialistas. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário semiestruturado, aplicado com informantes-chave, e dados secundários extraídos dos documentos oficiais do projeto e do Sistema Nacional de Regulação (SISREG), referentes ao período de maio de 2020 a maio de 2021, os quais foram consolidados e comparados com valores definidos na matriz. O grau de implantação do projeto Regula+ Brasil em Recife foi considerado implantado (83,7%), bem como as dimensões Estrutura (81,7%) e Processo (84,6%). Entretanto, a maioria dos seus indicadores de efeito obtiveram desempenho insatisfatório. Quando confrontados, guardaram coerência com gargalos observados em alguns componentes e subcomponentes do projeto, como a atuação dos profissionais das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), apontada como incipiente, principalmente no que diz respeito ao acompanhamento das solicitações devolvidas. Os resultados sugerem que qualquer intervenção em telessaúde requer, para sua devida implantação e para o alcance dos resultados esperados, adequação das equipes e dos processos de trabalho, práticas de educação permanente e processo contínuo de avaliação, ou então se configurará em nova burocratização e barreira de acesso.

Abstract: This study evaluates the degree of implementation (DI) of the Regulates+ Brazil project and analyzes to what extent the variations in implementation influence the results observed in access to specialized appointments in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This is an evaluative research of implementation analysis. A logic model and an analysis and judgment matrix with indicators for evaluating the degree of implementation and the results of the Project were developed and submitted to expert consensus. The data collection was conducted via a semi-structured questionnaire applied to key informants and secondary data extracted from the official documents from Regulates+ Brazil and Brazilian National Regulation System (SISREG), referring to the period from May/2020 to May/2021, which were consolidated and compared with values defined in the matrix. The degree of implementation of the Regulates+ Brazil project in Recife was considered to be implemented (83.7%), as well as the Structure (81.7%) and Methods (84.6%) dimensions. However, most effect indicators underperformed, which, when confronted, were consistent with bottlenecks observed in some components and subcomponents of the Project, such as the performance of professionals in basic health units, which was indicated as incipient, especially regarding follow-up of returned requests. The results suggest that any intervention in Telehealth requires, for its proper implementation, the adequacy of teams and work processes, practices of Continuing Education, as well as a continuous evaluation process, to achieve the expected results, or else it will become another bureaucratization and barrier to access.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el grado de implementación del proyecto Regula+ Brasil y analizar en qué medida las variaciones de la implementación influyen en los resultados observados en el acceso a consultas especializadas en Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se trata de una investigación evaluativa del análisis de la implantación. Se elaboró un modelo lógico y una matriz de análisis y juicio con los indicadores para la evaluación de la grado de implementación y el resultado del Proyecto, los cuales se sometieron al consenso de especialistas. La recopilación de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario semiestructurado aplicado con informantes clave y datos secundarios extraídos de documentos oficiales del Regula+ Brasil y del Sistema Nacional de Regulación (SISREG), relativos al período de mayo de 2020 a mayo de 2021, los cuales fueron consolidados y comparados con valores definidos en el matriz. El grado de implementación del proyecto Regula+ Brasil en Recife fue considerado implementado (83,7%), así como las dimensiones Estructura (81,7%) y Proceso (84,6%). Sin embargo, la mayoría de sus indicadores de efecto obtuvieron un desempeño insatisfactorio, los cuales, al ser confrontados, fueron coherentes con los cuellos de botella observados en algunos componentes y subcomponentes del Proyecto, como el desempeño de los profesionales de las unidades básicas de salud, señalada como incipiente, sobre todo en lo que respecta al seguimiento de las solicitudes devueltas. Los resultados sugieren que toda intervención en Telesalud requiere, para su debida implantación, la adecuación de los equipos y de los procesos de trabajo, prácticas de Educación Permanente, así como un proceso continuo de evaluación, para alcanzar los resultados esperados, o entonces se configurará en una nueva burocratización y barrera de acceso.

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: La intubación en el manejo de vías aéreas por la presencia de tubos ayuda a desarrollar lesiones orales, dentales y tejidos adyacentes. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en bases de datos de PubMed/Medline, SciELO, Ovid, Google y Cochrane, usando las palabras oral intubation injuries, oral lesions from handling airways, oral injuries from general anesthesia. Objetivos: Elaborar una revisión narrativa sobre las lesiones orales producidas por la intubación de lesiones orales por intubación y manejo de las vías aéreas, sugerir métodos preventivos y tratamiento de estas lesiones orales. Conclusiones: La evaluación del sistema masticatorio antes del procedimiento de intubación es fundamental para evitar lesiones en la cavidad oral, los dispositivos orales ayudan a evitar el trauma dental, se debe tener en cuenta al odontólogo en el equipo médico para prevenir, diagnosticar y establecer planes de tratamiento para las patologías orales causadas por los dispositivos de entubación.

Abstract: Introduction: Intubation in airway management due to the presence of tubes helps develop oral, dental and adjacent tissue injuries. Material and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, SciELO, Ovid, Google, Cochrane databases using the words «oral intubation injuries¼, «oral lesions from handling airways¼, «oral injuries from general anesthesia¼. Objectives: To prepare a narrative review on oral lesions produced by intubation of oral lesions by intubation and management of the airways, suggest preventive methods and treatment of these oral lesions. Conclusions: The evaluation of the masticatory system before the intubation procedure is essential to avoid injuries in the oral cavity, oral devices help to avoid dental trauma, the dentist should be taken into account in the medical team to prevent, diagnose and establish treatment plans for oral pathologies caused by intubation devices.

RESUMO

As of August 2019, several oil slicks reached the Brazilian coast, compromising local ecosystems and the economy of coastal communities. In this context, this study aimed to assess seafood quality at the Canavieiras Extractive Reserve (RESEX), located in the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil, by determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in local biota following the oil spill. It was designed and carried out in a participatory manner, involving RESEX fishers, shellfish and crab gatherers and managers, as well as university researchers. A total of 72 biota samples were analyzed, and the sum of the 16 priority USEPA PAHs ranged from less than the limit of detection to 30.81 ng g-1 (w.w.). When also considering alkylated compounds, concentrations ranged from 3.53 to 360.75 ng g-1 (w.w.). No sample contained PAHs concentrations suggestive of human consumption risks. No difference in PAHs concentrations between the six studied areas and regarding different biota feeding habits were observed. Higher PAHs concentrations were generally noted in molluscs, as these organisms do not have enzyme systems capable of metabolizing these compounds. This initiative demonstrated the feasibility of participatory construction resulting in a study concerning valued species to local communities, ensuring a contribution to local fishing and marketing activities.

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Shell fractures are one of the most traumatic and recurrent injuries observed in chelonians during clinical practice. The most common causes of fractures are falling, being run over by automobiles, being burned, and wild animal bites. Epoxy, acrylic resin, polyester, fiber-grass blanket, and screw fixation are among the current techniques used to treat fractures. Regarding the difficulty of fracture repair in the carapace, this case report aimed to report a procedure that is effective, less time-consuming, accessible, affordable, and safe for shell fractures in C. carbonarius. During the physical examination, the animal showed two fractures, in the dorsal region of the carapace and right lateral side of the bridge, with subcutaneous tissue exposure and loss of a small piece of dorsocranial carapace. To treat these injuries, the animal was submitted to a resin application. The procedure consists of using ethyl-cyanoacrylate associated with sodium bicarbonate, which produces a more resistant resin that is bactericidal, non-toxic, and easy to apply in a low surgery time compared to the common methods used to fix shell fractures. The resin application was successfully done, and the animal was under care for a month after the fracture reduction. It was observed that the treatment was effective, presenting reduction of the fracture. A month after the procedure, the animal showed no intercurrence. Three years after the procedure, the animal still presents part of the material still fixed to the shell, normal growth, without interference in locomotor capacity. This resin proved to be an innovative and promising alternative way to treat fractures, suggesting the development of new non-invasive approaches for several tissues and different animal species.

RESUMO

The United Kingdom and European Union have banned crates for pregnant sows. However, animals are kept in a restrictive environment for up to four weeks after mating, leading to stress and different responses of the animals' immune system. Here, we used vaginal flushing of gilts to investigate whether housing systems or an experimental inflammatory challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can modify the gilt vaginal microbiome. Alpha-diversity indices showed differences in the microbiota of gilts housed under different systems (q = 0.04). Shannon alpha-diversity richness was higher in gilts group-housed in pens than in gilts housed in crates (q = 0.035), but not higher than in other groups. The relative abundance of the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) (q < 0.05) revealed specific differences in housing systems before a LPS or saline (SAL control) challenge. We found different abundances in taxa of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in gilts housed in the different systems before challenge. After the LPS challenge, significant differences were detected in the relative abundance of OTUs (q < 0.05) for the LPS-challenged group compared with SAL animals for each housing system. The phylum Staphylococcus showed higher abundance among the LPS-challenged gilts than in SAL-challenged animals. Furthermore, Enterobacter was more abundant in the LPS-challenged gilts housed in crates than in SAL-challenged gilts housed in crates. Streptococcus suis, Conchiformibius, Globicatella and Actinobacillus were more abundant in LPS-challenged gilts in indoor group housing than in SAL gilts in the same housing system. Gilts kept outdoors did not show changes in vaginal microbiota after an LPS challenge. Gilts housed in crates showed clinical signs of urogenital infection, whereas gilts housed outdoors and in indoor group housing did not. The relationship between environment, immune response, and microbiota suggested that animals in a poor environments experience difficulties responding to a challenge and their vaginal microbiota is altered as a consequence, with decreased richness of normal vaginal microbiota, and increased opportunistic bacteria. Welfare indicators measured by gilts' responses to housing systems however, do not fully explain mechanisms associated with the unique signature in vaginal microbiota encountered in the different housing systems.

RESUMO

We report the experimental verification of nonclassical correlations for an unfiltered spontaneous four-wave mixing process in an ensemble of cold two-level atoms, confirming theoretical predictions by Du et al. in 2007 for the violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality in the system, and obtaining R=(1.98±0.03)≰1. Quantum correlations are observed in a nanoseconds timescale in the interference between the central exciting frequency and sidebands dislocated by the detuning to the atomic resonance. They prevail over the noise background coming from Rayleigh scattering from the same optical transition. These correlations are fragile with respect to processes that disturb the phase of the atomic excitation, but are robust to variations in number of atoms and to increasing light intensities.

RESUMO

This study aimed to characterize the proteome of spermatozoa and seminal plasma of 4 purebred dogs (Golden Retriever, Great Dane, Bernese Mountain Dog, and Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog). The ejaculate of 13 dogs was collected, and sperm characteristics were subjectively evaluated. Seminal plasma and sperm cells were separated and prepared individually for mass spectrometry. Data were evaluated by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 162 proteins were identified, 47 in spermatozoa, 109 in seminal plasma, and 6 in both samples. Serum albumin in spermatozoa and tubulin alpha-3E chain, acrosin binding protein, and tubulin alpha-3 chain in plasma seminal were statistically relevant. Serum albumin and acrosin binding protein improve the sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, and seminal quality. The tubulin family proteins are related to structural cell organization and flagella movement, and their presence in seminal plasma may be related to sample handling. According to cluster formation, a high association was observed among Bernese Mountain Dog and Great Dane, Golden Retriever, and Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog for sperm proteins. For seminal plasma proteins, Bernese Mountain Dog, Great Dane, and Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog were related. Further studies on breed-specific proteins in the semen of purebred dogs need to be performed to clarify its fertility roles. SIGNIFICANCE: For the first time spermatozoa proteins of dogs are described. The comparison of spermatozoa and seminal plasma proteins of four purebred dogs were performed. These results supporting that differences in semen protein profile of different canine breeds exist, which can improve the biotechnologies of reproduction in this species.

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