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We present a first case of Staphylococcus cohnii endocarditis in an 80-year-old patient with a history of valve regurgitation. Endocarditis by this organism has not been reported previously. The patient declined treatment and died a few days later. When present, S. cohnii endocarditis has a poor prognosis as a result of associated comorbidities and the infection itself.
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Resumen La hiperostosis esquelética difusa idiopática (DISH) es una enfermedad sistémica caracterizada por la osificación del ligamento longitudinal anterior de la columna. Los pacientes suelen ser asintomáticos o presentar dolor leve o rigidez, sin embargo, cuando afecta la región cervical puede ocasionar disfagia, disfonía o disnea. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 63 años con disfonía y disfagia en quien los estudios demostraron desplazamiento del aritenoides y colapso del seno piriforme debido a un osteofito a nivel de C4. El paciente presentó mejoría con tratamiento conservador. Realizamos una discusión del caso y una revisión de la literatura sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta patología.
Abstract Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic disease characterized by ossi- fication of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. Patients are usually asympto- matic, or present mild pain or stiffness, however cervical compromise can cause dysphagia, dyspnea and dysphonia. We present the case of a 63-year-old patient with hoarseness and dysphagia. Studies revealed anterior displacement of the arytenoid cartilage and collapse of the pyriform sinus secondary to an osteophyte at C4 level. The patient showed improvement with conservative management. We present a discussion about this case and the available scientific evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.
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BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and other animals. Infection prevails in tropical and subtropical countries. Until a few years ago, it was considered that two varieties of Sporothrix schenckii caused this mycosis, but by applying molecular taxonomic markers, it has been demonstrated that there are several cryptic species within S. schenckii complex which varies in susceptibility, virulence, and geographic distribution. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. from patients with sporotrichosis in Medellin, Colombia, using two markers and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole. METHODS: Thirty-four clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. from Colombia, three from Mexico, and one from Guatemala were identified through sequencing of the noncoding region ITS-1 + 5.8SDNAr + ITS-2 and of the fragment containing exons 3 and 4 of the ß-tubulin gene. Clinical isolate sequences were compared with GenBank reference sequences using the BLASTN tool, and then, phylogenetic analysis was performed. Besides, the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations according to the CLSI M38-A2 method. RESULTS: Clinical isolates were identified by morphology as Sporothrix spp. Using the molecular markers, ITS and ß-tubulin, isolates were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto (25) and Sporothrix globosa (13). Susceptibility to itraconazole was variable among clinical isolates. CONCLUSION: This is the first scientific publication that identifies species that cause sporotrichosis in Colombia, along with the antifungal susceptibility to itraconazole.
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Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Sporothrix/classificação , Sporothrix/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Análise por Conglomerados , Colômbia , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Guatemala , Humanos , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: medir el desempeño de las Funciones Esenciales en Salud Pública (FESP) en tres municipios que corresponden a la zona Penderisco del suroeste antioqueño (Concordia, Betulia y Salgar) en 2011. METODOLOGIA: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los tres municipios. Se adaptó el instrumento de medición de las FESP en el ámbito nacional, elaborado por la OPS para aplicarlo localmente, se ajustó a las competencias y campos de acción de las autoridades municipales, se suprimieron preguntas no pertinentes para el nivel y se recalcularon las fórmulas que generaban el puntaje y los indicadores. El instrumento se aplicó a un grupo de expertos en cada municipio. RESULTADOS:en la zona Penderisco, se encontraron tres funciones FESP1, FESP2 y FESP4 con desempeño óptimo. Las FESP3, FESP5, FESP6, FESP7, FESP8, FESP9 y FESP11 con desempeño medio superior y la FESP10 un desempeño mínimo. Dos indicadores de desarrollo de capacidades e infraestructura para la salud pública, fueron clasificados como debilidades, coincidente en los tres municipios: conocimientos, habilidades y mecanismos para revisar, perfeccionar y hacer cumplir el marco regulatorio y el desarrollo de la capacidad institucional de investigación. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por los países para mejorar el desempeño de las FESP, el desarrollo es incipiente con algunas excepciones, este mismo esquema se refleja en los municipios estudiados. Pocas funciones están clasificadas en desempeño óptimo y como fortalezas. El desarrollo de capacidades e infraestructura para soportar el desarrollo de las FESP es débil.
OBJETIVE: to measure the performance of the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) in three municipalities from the Penderisco area of Southwestern Antioquia (a zone encompassing three municipalities: Betulia, Concordia, and Salgar) in 2011. METHODOLOGY: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in three municipalities. To this end, we adapted the instrument for measuring EPHF for use in Colombia. The instrument was developed by the paho, and we implemented its adapted version locally. The instrument was adjusted to the skills and fields of action of the municipal authorities, the questions that were not relevant for the local context were removed, and the formulas for generating scores and indicators were re-calculated. The instrument was applied to a group of experts in each municipality. RESULTS: in the Penderisco zone, three functions had optimal performance: EPHF1, EPHF4, EPHF2. Additionally, the functions labeled EPHF3, EPHF5, EPHF6, EPHF7, EPHF8, EPHF9, and EPHF11 had above average performance. EPHF10, in turn, showed minimum performance. Two indicators of development of capacity and infrastructure for public health were classified as weaknesses, namely: knowledge, skills, and mechanisms to review, refine and enforce the regulatory framework and development of institutional research capacity. This is consistent in the three municipalities. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the efforts made by countries to improve the performance of the essential public health functions, development is still budding; the same scenario is seen in the studied municipalities. Few functions had optimal performance and were considered strengths and capacity development and the infrastructure for supporting the development of essential public health functions are weak.
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Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Funções Essenciais da Saúde Pública , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Determinar la Biodisponibilidad en una dosis única, de Atorvastatina 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tabletas, con evaluación de los parámetros farmacocinéticos de concentración máxima en el organismo (C Máx), área bajo la curva de los niveles en el organismo (AUC 0→t y AUC 0 →∞)tiempo en alcanzar la concentración máxima (T Máx), tiempo de vida media (t 1/ 2) y constante de eliminación (Ke). El estudio de Biodisponibilidad se desarrolló mediante la determinación de la magnitud y la velocidad de la absorción in vivo de la asociación Atorvastatina 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tabletas, fabricadopor Laboratorios La Santé S.A, en voluntarios sanos. 12 voluntarios sanos, hombres y mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 55 años, con un peso de ± 15% del apropiado según la edad y la talla, que cumplieron a cabalidad con todos los exámenes clínicos efectuados antes del estudio para su selección y que no presentaron alguna anomalía en su historia médica, recibieron una dosis única de la asociación 40 mg de Atorvastatina + 10 mg de Ezetimibe tabletas, fabricado por Laboratorios La Santé S.A. vía oral con administración de 240 mL de agua. Después de su administración se tomaron muestras de sangre de cada voluntario a los siguientes tiempos: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0 y 72.0 horas. El análisis de las muestras se realizó por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC) con detección UV, previa extracción de los analitos (extracción líquido/líquido), en el Laboratorio bioanalítico de Delivery Technologies. La determinación de la magnitud y la velocidad de la absorción in vivo de Atorvastatina 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tabletas, se evaluó comparando con los parámetros farmacocinéticos ya reportados en estudios previos de estos principios activos por separados...
To determine the bioavailability in a single dose of Atorvastatin 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tablets, with assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters of maximum concentration body (C max), area under the curve of the levels in the organism (AUC 0 → t and AUC 0 → ∞), time to reach maximum concentration (T max), half-life (t 1 / 2) and elimination constant (Ke). The bioavailability study was conducted by determining the magnitude and rate of absorption in vivo of the association Atorvastatin 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tablets manufactured by Laboratorios La Sante SA, in healthy volunteers. 12 healthy volunteers, men and women, aged between 18 and 55, with a weight of ± 15% according to the age and size, which fully met with all the clinical examinations performed prior to study and not presenting any anomaly in these tests, received a single dose of the association Atorvastatin 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tablets, manufactured by Laboratorios La Santé SA, with oral administration of 240 mL of water. After administration of the drug. blood samples were taken from each volunteer at the following times: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0 and 72.0 hours. The sample analysis was performed by High Resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection after extraction of analytes (liquid-liquid extraction) in the bioanalytical laboratory of Delivery Technologies. The determination of the magnitude and absorption rate in vivo of Atorvastatin 40 mg + Ezetimibe 10 mg tablets, was evaluated by comparing with the Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in previous studies of these drug by separate. Adverse Events Report: In general, there were no serious adverse events during the course of this study. According to the results and considering the pharmacokinetic parameters reflecting the amount of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe absorbed bythe body and the speed...
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Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Disponibilidade Biológica , Dosagem/análise , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análiseRESUMO
We report four patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis therapy, which had exhausted conventional venous access (internal jugular, subclavian) and non-conventional access (axillary, innominate) in the upper hemithorax for haemodialysis. This was primarily due to thrombosis of these veins caused by previous catheterisation. These patients did not qualify for peritoneal dialysis. Using the technique recommended by Archundia et al., 4 indwelling catheters were implanted directly in the superior vena cava in each of the patients with subsequent subcutaneous tunneling. The catheters operated correctly and are currently permeable after being used for an average of 19 months.
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Cateteres de Demora , Diálise Renal , Veia Cava Superior , Cateterismo/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , TóraxRESUMO
Los azúcares son importantes moléculas que desempeñan funciones trascendentales de señalización celular en los organismos superiores. Su complejidad estructural, representada por sus isómeros, anómeros y diasterómeros, amerita la implementación de metodologías modernas, rápidas y sensibles para su identificación y diferenciación. La espectrometría de masas y su analizador de trampa de iones brinda nuevas alternativas de análisis que favorecen el control de las energías de fragmentación de los analitos. A pesar de que la diferenciación de estereoisómeros no ha sido el campo de aplicación principal de la espectrometría de masas, se ha implementado una metodología para diferenciar los monosácaridos β-D-galactosa y β-D-glucosa y los disacαridos β-D-galactopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranσsido (lactosa), α-D-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranσsido (maltosa) y β-D-fructofuranosil-(2↔1)-α-D-glucopiranσsido (sacarosa) a travιs de sus aductos con amonio y litio por ESI-IT-MS/MS en infusión directa. Se emplean diferentes energías de fragmentación para asegurar la existencia de iones marcadores de la estereoquímica de los analitos. Se evidencia que controlar las energías de colisiones en el análisis estructural de moléculas provee una poderosa y moderna herramienta analítica para los laboratorios de análisis.
Sugars are important molecules with remarkable cell signals pathway functions in higher organisms. The structural complexity of sugar represented by its isomeric, anomeric and diasteromeric configurations deserve the implementation of modern, rapid and sensitive methodologies for its identification and differentiation. Mass spectrometry and its analyzer of ion trap provide new alternative techniques that encourage the control of the fragmentation energies supplied to molecules. Since stereoisomer differentiation is consider outside the mass spectrometry domain, a methodology has been applied in order to differentiate β-D-galactose, β-D-glucose and the disaccharides β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (lactose), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (maltose) y β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (sacarose) trough its ammonium and lithium adducts by infusion on ESI-IT-MS/MS mass spectrometer. Different fragmentation energies have been used to ensure the ion marker occurrence in the analyte stereochemistry. It is evident that the collision energies control in structural analysis of molecules provides a powerful and modern analytical tool to be applied in control laboratories.
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To determine whether fibroblasts from Blanco Orejinegro cattle, exhibit any level of resistance to infection against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotypes Indiana (VSV-I) or New Jersey (VSV-NJ), 30 fibroblast cultures were phenotyped to evaluate their resistance/susceptibility. Thirty three % of Blanco Orejinegro fibroblast cultures were classified as very resistant, 50% as resistant, and 17% as susceptible to VSV-I infection, whereas 20% were classified as very resistant, 50% as resistant and 30% as susceptible to VSV-NJ infection. Therefore, there appears to be a large variation in phenotypic polymorphism among the fibroblasts to infection by VSV. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this diversity, we searched for a possible relationship between resistance/ susceptibility and production of factors wi th antiviral activity; however fibroblasts did not secrete factors with antiviral activity. We examined also whether apoptosis where induced by infection and its correlation with the polymorphism of resistance/susceptibility to VSV. Using morphological analyses, hypoploidy measurements, and level of phosphatidyl serine expression, high levels of apoptosis were measured in VSV infected fibroblasts. However, no correlation exists between apoptosis and the category of resistance/susceptibility to infection, indicating that apoptosis is a pathogenic mechanism of VSV.(AU)
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Bovinos , Animais , Antivirais/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patologia , Fibroblastos/virologia , Fosfatidilserinas/metabolismo , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Rhabdoviridae/virologia , Frações Subcelulares/metabolismo , Apoptose , Forma Celular , Células Cultivadas , Fenótipo , PloidiasRESUMO
To determine whether fibroblasts from Blanco Orejinegro cattle, exhibit any level of resistance to infection against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotypes Indiana (VSV-I) or New Jersey (VSV-NJ), 30 fibroblast cultures were phenotyped to evaluate their resistance/susceptibility. Thirty three % of Blanco Orejinegro fibroblast cultures were classified as very resistant, 50% as resistant, and 17% as susceptible to VSV-I infection, whereas 20% were classified as very resistant, 50% as resistant and 30% as susceptible to VSV-NJ infection. Therefore, there appears to be a large variation in phenotypic polymorphism among the fibroblasts to infection by VSV. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this diversity, we searched for a possible relationship between resistance/ susceptibility and production of factors wi th antiviral activity; however fibroblasts did not secrete factors with antiviral activity. We examined also whether apoptosis where induced by infection and its correlation with the polymorphism of resistance/susceptibility to VSV. Using morphological analyses, hypoploidy measurements, and level of phosphatidyl serine expression, high levels of apoptosis were measured in VSV infected fibroblasts. However, no correlation exists between apoptosis and the category of resistance/susceptibility to infection, indicating that apoptosis is a pathogenic mechanism of VSV.