RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and other animals. Infection prevails in tropical and subtropical countries. Until a few years ago, it was considered that two varieties of Sporothrix schenckii caused this mycosis, but by applying molecular taxonomic markers, it has been demonstrated that there are several cryptic species within S. schenckii complex which varies in susceptibility, virulence, and geographic distribution. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. from patients with sporotrichosis in Medellin, Colombia, using two markers and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole. METHODS: Thirty-four clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. from Colombia, three from Mexico, and one from Guatemala were identified through sequencing of the noncoding region ITS-1 + 5.8SDNAr + ITS-2 and of the fragment containing exons 3 and 4 of the ß-tubulin gene. Clinical isolate sequences were compared with GenBank reference sequences using the BLASTN tool, and then, phylogenetic analysis was performed. Besides, the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations according to the CLSI M38-A2 method. RESULTS: Clinical isolates were identified by morphology as Sporothrix spp. Using the molecular markers, ITS and ß-tubulin, isolates were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto (25) and Sporothrix globosa (13). Susceptibility to itraconazole was variable among clinical isolates. CONCLUSION: This is the first scientific publication that identifies species that cause sporotrichosis in Colombia, along with the antifungal susceptibility to itraconazole.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Sporothrix/classificação , Sporothrix/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Análise por Conglomerados , Colômbia , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Guatemala , Humanos , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The first cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Panama were notified in the 1980s and it was considered a low-risk region for this disease. Between 2000 and 2005, a prevalence study was conducted to characterize MS in Panama. METHODS: An instrument was developed to gather information from clinical files and interviews with previous informed consent. The diagnosis was confirmed by neurologists applying the Poser and McDonald criteria as per the inclusion period. RESULTS: 178 patients from the public and private health sectors were captured between 1970 and 2005. The prevalence rate was 5.24/100,000 inhabitants, and the incidence was between 0.28 and 0.61/100,000 inhabitants. The disease was predominant among women, the mean age +/- SD being 34.76 +/- 10.909 years (1st crisis), and the average number of crises was 2.88. The most common clinical findings were motor, optic neuritis, sensitive and cerebellous. 52.4% presented monosymptomatic manifestations, 71.6% were clinically defined according to Poser's criteria and 55.6% had MS according to McDonald's criteria. 77.8% had their debut with the relapsing-remitting type and presented an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 2.7 after the first crisis. CONCLUSION: MS is in Panama a neurological pathology with a low prevalence and the results of this investigation improved early treatment and diagnosis of this disease.
Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos dos Movimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/epidemiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Neurite Óptica/epidemiologia , Neurite Óptica/etiologia , Panamá/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In the past few decades, a worldwide increase in the incidence of fungal infections has been observed and the resistance of some species of fungus to different fungicidals used in medical practice has also risen. This has led to the search for new antimycotics, particularly those obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects, and land and marine microorganisms. In these natural sources, a series of molecules with antifungal activity against different species of fungus of great clinical importance for humans has been found, and these substances have become an alternative for the development and formulation of new antifungals with fewer side effects, a greater spectrum of action and lower cost than those in current use. In this article, we review the main sources of molecules with antimycotic activity obtained from natural sources.