RESUMO
Exposure to heat stress (HS) detrimentally affects pig performance. This study explored whether a dietary phytogenic solution based on Capsicum spp. (PHY) could enhance the thermal tolerance of heat-stressed growing pigs. Forty-two individually housed pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments: thermoneutral pigs on a control diet (TN-C) and pigs subjected to HS fed the control diet either without (HS-C) or with supplemental PHY (HS-PHY). The TN-C group exhibited increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) compared to both HS-C (p < 0.01) and HS-PHY pigs (p < 0.05) and better feed efficiency compared to HS-C pigs only (p < 0.01). However, the HS-PHY pigs showed significantly higher FI (p < 0.01) and ADG (p < 0.05) compared to HS-C pigs. HS pigs displayed higher body temperatures (BTs) than TN pigs (p < 0.01), yet HS-PHY pigs experienced a lesser increase in BT compared to HS-C pigs (p < 0.05). Supplementation with PHY mitigated some effects of HS, increasing serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, reducing HSP90 expression in longissimus dorsi muscle, and elevating jejunal villus height compared to HS-C pigs (p < 0.05), reaching levels akin to TN-C pigs. Additionally, PHY supplementation resulted in lower serum urea levels than HS-C pigs (p < 0.01) and similar myosin gene expression to TN-C pigs (p > 0.1), suggesting enhanced amino acid post-absorptive utilization for lean tissue growth. In conclusion, dietary PHY supplementation partially offset the adverse effects of HS on pig performance by improving thermal tolerance.
RESUMO
Exposing pigs to heat stress (HS) provokes higher death of intestinal cells, resulting in elevated endogenous intestinal losses (EIL) of amino acids (AA) and damage to intestinal epithelia. Arginine (Arg) is precursor for the synthesis of polyamines, which are involved in proliferation of intestinal cells and restoration of the intestinal epithelia. Thus the effect of adding L-Arg to diets for HS pigs on the EIL of AA was analyzed. Twelve pigs (23.1 ± 1.1 kg body weight) implanted with T-type cannulas at the end of ileum were individually housed and allowed 15-days for surgery recovery under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (22 ± 2 °C). Following, the pigs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: TN pigs fed a semi-purified, corn starch-3% casein basal diet (TN-B); HS pigs with the basal diet (HS-B); HS pigs consuming the basal diet supplemented with 0.20% L-Arg (HS-Arg). The experiment consisted of two 9-day periods; each period included 7-days of adaptation to their respective diet, followed by a 2-day ileal digesta collection period. Digesta was collected during 12 consecutive hours each day. The pigs were fed twice a-day. Ambient temperature (AT) inside the TN and HS rooms ranged from 18.6 to 27.6 °C and from 29.5 to 40.7 °C, respectively. Body temperature followed a pattern similar to that of AT. The daily EIL of indispensable AA increased (P < 0.01) in the HS-B pigs compared to both the TN-B and the HS-Arg pigs, however, there was no EIL difference between the TN-B and the HS-Arg pigs (P > 0.05). Likewise, with the exception of serine, daily losses of endogenous dispensable AA in the HS-B pigs were higher (P < 0.01) in comparison with those of TN-B and HS-Arg pigs. In summary, HS exposure compared to TN conditions increases the loss of endogenous AA, but dietary supplementation with L-Arg helped to counteract the negative HS effect.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor , Animais , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Arginina/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/prevenção & controle , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/metabolismo , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , SuínosRESUMO
Determinar la eficacia de la técnica del arrastre en la extracción de monedas del esófago; en los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de emergencia del INSN, en el periodo Agosto 2012-Marzo 2013. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo en niños de 1 a 15 años de edad, que ingirieron monedas, y fueron atendidos en el servicio de emergencia del INSN, en el periodo Agosto 2012-Marzo 2013. Los pacientes fueron de ambos sexos, que habían ingerido monedas, con un tiempo de evolución no mayor de 48 horas. Se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos, utilizando el programa SPSS v.15 para el procesamiento de datos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 134 niños con cuerpo extraño en vía digestiva (moneda) entre los meses de agosto del 2012, a marzo del 2013. De ello se extrajeron 105 monedas mediante la técnica del arrastre, sin ninguna complicación. Los cuerpos extraños fueron extraídos en un primer intento 93 monedas del esófago (88.57 por ciento), en dos intentos 10 monedas (9.52 por ciento) y en tres intentos 02 monedas (1.9 por ciento). A seis pacientes (5.71 por ciento) no se les pudo extraer la moneda por la técnica de arrastre. Conclusión: La técnica del arrastre con sonda Foley es una técnica efectiva en un 94.5 por ciento, inocua y que baja los costos en la extracción de monedas del esófago en niños que acuden a la emergencia del hospital del niño...