RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In a scenario where food is absent or restricted, as in the case of enteral nutrition (EN), eating becomes an experience filled with different meanings in the hospitalization process. This study aimed to understand the social representations of "non-eating" experienced by patients receiving EN. METHOD: This was an empirical, qualitative, cross-sectional study. Hospitalized patients using EN for at least seven days and who were over 18 years of age participated in the study. The sample size was defined using the data saturation criterion. Patients were selected after an active search was conducted through the beds of a university hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The instruments used were (a) a semi-structured interview script and (b) the researcher's field journal. Data analysis was based on the thematic analysis of Braun and Clark, and the theoretical foundation was supported by the theory of social representations. RESULTS: Nine patients were interviewed and four thematic categories were identified: (1) Perceptions related to the body in the experience of enteral nutrition, (2) The place of hunger and cravings in the body, (3) The price of healing, and (4) Communication with the team. The results indicate an experience largely associated with physical sensations, recognized by patients as aversive, with a tendency to a better adaptation to EN with longer use of the tube. Patients did not perceive physical hunger while the presence of "wanting" or "craving for" food, that is, the desire to taste and experience food, was reported by all, equating it to the experience of hunger. The main difficulties experienced by patients involve the absence or loss of communication with the health team and the reduction of autonomy, both in terms of mobility and the power of participation and decision-making regarding the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of patients in EN is complex and permeated by several difficulties, such as the lack of pleasure and symbolism associated with food and eating. On the other hand, even in the face of adversity, those patients undergo treatment, to seek a "cure" for their condition. It is essential to highlight the lack of communication on the part of the health team as an important difficulty listed by the patients. These results are fundamental for the health teams to review and reconstruct the management related to the care of patients to improve their well-being.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an integrative review in order to understand the repercussions of the social stigma of overweight on the health of adults and adolescents. METHODS: The international protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis studies PRISMA was adopted to guide the writing of this review. The databases used were PubMed, Psycinfo, SciELO, Medline, Lilacs and Pepsic, considering studies published in the period from 2000 to 2020. Sixty-seven (67) articles were analyzed, and 4 categories emerged: repercussions on physical well-being; repercussions on social well-being; repercussions on mental well-being; and mixed category (physical and psychological impact). RESULTS: In the vast majority of studies analyzed, weight stigma had a negative impact on the different spheres that make up the health construct, that is, the physical, social and mental spheres. CONCLUSIONS: The consequences of weight stigma are a source of intense suffering, with an impact that reduces the quality of life of individuals who experience stigmatization, involving physical, emotional and social aspects.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão integrativa a fim de compreender as repercussões do estigma social do excesso de peso na saúde de adultos e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: O protocolo internacional de revisão sistemática e estudos de metanálise PRISMA foi adotado para guiar a redação desta revisão. As bases de dados utilizadas foram PubMed, Psycinfo, SciELO, Medline, Lilacs e Pepsic, considerando o período de 2000 a 2020. Foram analisados 67 artigos, em que emergiam 4 categorias: repercussões no bem-estar físico; repercussões no bem-estar social; repercussões no bem-estar mental; e categoria mista (impacto físico e psicológico). RESULTADOS: Na ampla maioria dos estudos analisados, o estigma do peso tem um impacto negativo nas diferentes esferas que compõem o constructo saúde: física, social e mental. CONCLUSÕES: Tais consequências são fonte de intenso sofrimento, em uma abrangência tal que reduzem a qualidade de vida de indivíduos que passam por situações de estigmatização, tanto nos aspectos físicos quanto emocionais e sociais.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi conhecer o que os estudos acadêmicos no período de 2008 a 2018 têm discutido acerca de como ocorre o exercício da parentalidade, após um processo de divórcio e/ou dissolução conjugal. Foram utilizadas as bases LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE e PsycINFO. Os descritores elencados foram: divórcio, poder parental, parentalidade, autoridade parental, deveres e direitos dos pais, maternidade, paternalidade, conflito familiar, educação infantil, relações familiares, dinâmica familiar, família e relações pais-filho. Após a realização das buscas (N= 9982), procedeu-se com a exclusão de estudos por repetição (N=4922), título (N=4715) e resumo (N=210). Os artigos remanescentes (N=35) foram lidos na íntegra e 14 foram recuperados e compõem esta revisão. Os estudos apontam que a construção da parentalidade após a dissolução conjugal sofre influência de estereótipos masculinos e femininos e, também, dos resquícios dos conflitos conjugais. Ressalta-se a importância de estudos na área, principalmente, acerca da percepção dos filhos.

The objective of this integrative review was to know what academic studies from 2008 to 2018 have discussed about how parenting occurs after divorce and / or marital dissolution. The data bases LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were used. The descriptors listed were: divorce, parental power, parenting, parental authority, parental duties and rights, motherhood, paternity, family conflict, early childhood education, family relations, family dynamics, family and parent-child relations. After performing the searches (N= 9982), we proceeded to the exclusion of repetitive studies (N= 4922), title (N= 4715) and summary (N= 210). The remaining articles (N= 35) were read in full and 14 were retrieved and make up this review. Studies show that the construction of parenting after marital dissolution is influenced by male and female stereotypes and also the remnants of marital conflicts. We emphasize the importance of studies in the area, especially about the perception of children.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os níveis de Engajamento com a Carreira de universitários concluintes, e comparar os resultados em relação às áreas de formação, ao sexo e grau de envolvimento em atividades extracurriculares. Participaram 387 estudantes universitários de vários cursos e regiões do país. Utilizou-se a versão brasileira da Escala de Engajamento com a Carreira e um questionário sociodemográfico. A coleta de dados se deu pessoalmente e via eletrônica por conveniência. Nas análises descritivas e comparação entre grupos (ANOVA) observou-se um engajamento com a carreira médio, tendendo a bom nos estudantes universitários, sendo que aqueles que declararam ter um alto envolvimento em atividades extracurriculares mostraram-se mais engajados com a carreira do que aqueles com envolvimento ruim ou médio. Quanto às outras variáveis não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Os resultados podem ser úteis para intervenções que propiciem maior engajamento com a carreira dos universitários no período de transição para o trabalho.

The objective of this study was to verify the levels of Engagement with the Career of undergraduate students, and to compare the results regarding the areas of formation, sex and degree of involvement in extracurricular activities. University students (N=387) from various courses and regions of the country participated. The Brazilian version of the Engagement with Career Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. Data collection was done in person and electronically for convenience. Descriptive analyzes and comparison between groups (ANOVA) showed an engagement with the average career, tending to good in university students, being those who declared to have a high involvement in extracurricular activities showed to be more engaged with the career than those with Involvement. As for the other variables, no significant differences were observed between groups. The results can be useful for interventions that allow greater engagement with the career of university students in the period of transition to work.

Assuntos