RESUMO
Overweight and obesity constitute a major global public health problem. Healthy dietary patterns induce changes at the molecular level. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effect of a diet based on fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT diet) on the expression of obesity-related genes. This randomized controlled crossover study included 44 obese Colombians with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who followed either a FAWGT diet or a usual diet (UD) characterized by a high intake of saturated fat and foods rich in processed carbohydrates. After 8 weeks of intervention, a postprandial expression study of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes was carried out with a real-time PCR. The intervention with a FAWGT diet decreased the expression of inflammatory (NFKB1, IL6, IL1ß) and oxidative stress (NFE2L2) genes compared with the intake of the UD. Finally, the postprandial expression of NFkB1 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels after a dietary intervention with the FAWGT diet and the IL1ß gene, and likewise with insulin levels after following the usual diet. The consumption of the FAWGT diet for 8 weeks reduced the inflammatory status; thus, it can be considered a valid alternative to other healthy diets, since it induces beneficial changes on the genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in obese people.
Assuntos
Inflamação , Obesidade , Animais , Estudos Cross-Over , Frutas , Expressão Gênica , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Persea , Truta , Grãos Integrais , Humanos , Proteínas de Peixes da DietaRESUMO
Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.
Assuntos
Dieta Saudável/métodos , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/dietoterapia , Hiperlipidemias/dietoterapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , VLDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/sangue , Hiperinsulinismo/etiologia , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/etiologia , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Persea , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Alimentos Marinhos , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Truta , Grãos IntegraisRESUMO
Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia de adicción al juego y las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por jóvenes escolarizados en un municipio de Colombia. MetodologíaEstudio descriptivo, transversal en una población de 294 estudiantes adolescentes escolarizados. Para la medición del riesgo de juego se usó el cuestionario de Fisher basado en los criterios del DSM IV- J y se aplicó la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento para adolescentes (ACS) diseñada por Frydenberg y Lewis. Resultados El 73,5% de los participantes afirmó que había jugado alguna vez en su vida en máquinas paga monedas y el 79,6% reportaron haber hecho uso de video y juegos en línea. Entre los varones, se clasificaron como probables jugadores sociales el 7,5% y como probables jugadores patológicos el 2,5% y entre las mujeres el 17,2% y el 11,2%, respectivamente. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas por los jóvenes fueron: hacerse ilusiones, falta afrontamiento, reducción de la tensión, acción social, ignorar el problema, auto inculparse, reservarlo para sí y reducción de la tensión. Conclusiones Los resultados se convierten en un referente para la creación de programas de intervención en salud mental, orientados a generar estrategias de prevención que lleven a los jóvenes a dominar sus impulsos de jugar, a auto-regular el tiempo que pasan jugando y a tratar a quienes tengan dificultades para controlar sus impulsos de jugar, con el fin de que puedan rehabilitarse de manera oportuna.
ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of gambling addiction and coping strategies used by youth enrolled in a municipality of Colombia. Methodology Descriptive cross-sectional study in a population of 294 school adolescent students. Questionnaire Fisher based on criteria of DSM IV - J was used for measuring the risk of game and applied the scale of coping strategies for adolescents (ACS) designed by Frydenberg and Lewis. Results73,5% of respondents stated that he had played once in his life in machines pay coins and 79,6% reported having made use of video and games online. Among men, it was classified as probable social players 7,5% and as probable pathological players 2,5%, and among women the 17,2% and 11,2%, respectively. Coping strategies used most by young people were: do illusions, lack coping, stress, social action, ignoring the problem, auto indict is, reserve it for themselves and stress reduction. ConclusionsThe results become a reference for the creation of intervention in mental health programs, oriented to generate prevention strategies that lead to young people to master their impulses of play, to auto-regulate the time spent playing and to treat those who have difficulties to control their impulses to play, so they can be rehabilitated in a timely manner.