RESUMO
BACKGROUND: More than 95% of malaria transmission in Brazil occurs in the Legal Amazon Region, which in 2010 recorded around 333,429 cases reported in the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System-Malaria (Sivep_malaria), presenting an annual parasitic incidence (IPA) of 13.1 cases/1000 inhabitants. METHODS: This was a descriptive study that measured the community prevalence of Plasmodium infection and its relationship with land use in Três Fronteiras District, Colniza Municipality, Mato Grosso State. Data were collected during household visits in July 2011, with blood collection from finger pricks for the preparation of thick smear slides, and completion of a standardized case notification form. A georeferenced database was analysed, with land use evaluated as categorical variables. A kernel density map was built to show the density of cases and their location. RESULTS: Of the 621 respondents, 68(11%) had Plasmodium infection: 39 (57.4%) with Plasmodium vivax, 27(39.7%) with Plasmodium falciparum and two (2.9%) with mixed infections. Among infected individuals, 49 (72.1%) were men. Cases of malaria were distributed over the district, with greater occurrence of cases per household in open areas close to the mining company and artisanal mining sites. The was a greater density of cases located in the gold mining region. CONCLUSION: Transmission of malaria in Três Fronteiras District has a heterogeneous distribution. Individuals residing in mining and timber extraction sites have increased occurrence of Plasmodium infection.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum , Malária Vivax , População Rural , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Malária Vivax/epidemiologia , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Prevalência , Lactente , Idoso , Incidência , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Plasmodium vivax , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/transmissãoRESUMO
Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis, a widespread zoonosis that affects several homeothermic animals, including humans. This disease causes serious health problems, such that 10% of infected individuals develop clinical manifestations. Some studies on indigenous human populations have indicated variations in seroprevalence from 10.6% to 80.4% in such populations in different regions of Brazil and in other countries like Venezuela and Malaysia. To date, there have been no studies regarding the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in Haliti-Paresí Indians living in Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Our objective here was to determine the frequency of occurrence of antibodies against this protozoon in nine Haliti-Paresí villages by correlating seroprevalence with locations and variables. Serodiagnoses were made using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases of IOC/Fiocruz. It was considered that samples tested positive for T. gondii infection if IgG/IgM antibodies against this protozoon were detected through serodiagnosis using either IFAT or ELISA. Among the 293 samples analyzed, 66.9% presented anti-T. gondii IgG and 3.4% presented anti-T. gondii IgM. It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences in frequency of antibody occurrence among infected individuals, based on sex, schooling or occupation/activities. However, there were statistical differences based on age and villages. The prevalence observed in this study is in agreement with values found in other studies on indigenous populations in Latin America. Like among other such populations, the Haliti-Paresí villages are located close to forests and the individuals have domestic cats as pets, are involved in hunting and farming and consume water directly from water accumulation sources. These factors might cause exposure to T. gondii tissue cysts and oocysts.
RESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar a epidemiologia da malária em área de Assentamento na Amazônia mato-grossense. Método: estudo ecológico, realizado no Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer, no Município de Juruena, Mato Grosso. Foram analisadas 336 fichas. Utilizou-se o software EpiInfo 3.3.2 para a construção dos bancos de dados e software Terraview 3.1.4 e ArcGIS 9.2 para análise espacial, construção do mapa de distribuição de casos e os mapas temáticos de uso e ocupação do solo. Resultados: em 2005, o Assentamento era composto por 718 habitantes, 394 (54,87%) sexo masculino e 324 (45,13.%) sexo feminino. Dos 336 casos de malária, 133 era residente na Estrada 08, 37,60% das notificações. Nas Estradas 13 e 5, foram notificados 124 (35,10%) e 58 (16,40%) casos de malária, respectivamente. A região sul do assentamento apresentou 276 casos e maior número de notificações acima de 10 casos/domicílio. Desses, 102 (30,36%) casos foram causados pelo P. falciparum e 174 (51,79%) por P. vivax. A região norte apresentou 60 casos e notificações abaixo de 10 casos/domicílio. A área de formações florestais apresentou 70 (20,83%) casos. Conclusão: a ocorrência e distribuição de malária no assentamento são influenciadas pelos fatores ambientais e suas alterações.
Objective: to characterize the epidemiology of malaria in settlement area in Mato Grosso Amazon. Method: ecological study conducted in settlement Vale do Amanhecer, in the municipality of Juruena, Mato Grosso. 336 records were analyzed. the software was used EpiInfo 3.3.2 for the construction of databases and Terraview 3.1.4 and ArcGIS 9.2 software for spatial analysis, case distribution map construction and thematic maps of land use and occupation. Results: in 2005, the settlement was composed of 718 inhabitants, 394 (54.87%) male and 324 (45.13%.) Female. Of the 336 cases of malaria, 133 were resident on Highway 08, 37.60% of notifications. Roads in 13:05, were reported 124 (35.10%) and 58 (16.40%) cases of malaria, respectively. South of the settlement region had 276 cases and more up to 10 cases / home notifications. Of these, 102 (30.36%) cases were caused by P. falciparum and 174 (51.79%) by P. vivax. The northern region had 60 cases and 10 cases notifications under / home. The area of forest formations had 70 (20.83%) cases. Conclusion: the occurrence and distribution of malaria in the settlement are influenced by environmental factors, as amended.
Objetivo: caracterizar la epidemiología de la malaria en el área de asentamiento en Mato Grosso del Amazonas. Método: estudio ecológico con datos de asentamiento Vale do Amanhecer, en el municipio de Juruena, Mato Grosso. Se analizaron 336 registros. el software se utilizó EpiInfo 3.3.2 para la construcción de bases de datos y Terraview 3.1.4 y el software ArcGIS 9.2 para el análisis espacial, la construcción caja de mapa de distribución y mapas temáticos de uso y ocupación del suelo. Resultados: en 2005, el asentamiento se compone de 718 habitantes, 394 (54,87%) y 324 hombres (45.13%). Mujer. De los 336 casos de malaria, 133 eran residentes en la autopista 08, 37.60% de las notificaciones. Las carreteras de 13:05, se reportaron casos de malaria 124 (35.10%) y 58 (16,40%), respectivamente. Al sur de la región de asentamiento tenía 276 casos y más casos hasta 10 / notificaciones de origen. De éstos, 102 (30,36%) casos fueron causados por P. falciparum y 174 (51,79%) por P. vivax. La región del norte tenía 60 casos y 10 notificaciones de casos bajo / home. El área de las formaciones forestales contaba con 70 (20,83%) casos. Conclusión: la presencia y la distribución de la malaria en el asentamiento son influenciados por factores ambientales, en su versión modificada.
Assuntos
Epidemiologia , Ecossistema Amazônico , Malária , População RuralRESUMO
Mato Grosso is the largest agricultural producer and the largest national consumer of pesticides in Brazil. Maternal exposure to pesticides in the periconceptional period has been associated with increased risk of congenital malformations. This article aims to analyze the association between the use of pesticides and congenital malformations in cities with highest exposure to pesticides in Mato Grosso. It was a case-control study conducted with 219 live births with congenital malformations and 862 live births. The average use of pesticides was estimated in the prior and subsequent trimester to the date of fertilization and throughout the periconceptional period per city, month and year of use. Subsequently, these measures were quartilized and transformed into indicator-type (dummy) variables, attributing an exposure level for each interquartile interval. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. Significant associations were observed (p < 0.05) in the third (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.79) and fourth quartile (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.24) of the post-fertilization period and the fourth quartile (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.56) throughout the periconceptional period. Maternal exposure to pesticides was associated with higher incidence of congenital malformations.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cidades , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mato Grosso é o maior produtor agrícola e também o maior consumidor nacional de agrotóxicos. A exposição materna aos agrotóxicos no período periconcepcional tem sido associada com aumento no risco de malformações congênitas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre o uso de agrotóxicos e as malformações congênitas em municípios com maior exposição aos agrotóxicos em Mato Grosso. Estudo de caso-controle realizado com 219 nascidos vivos com malformação congênita e 862 nascidos vivos sadios. Estimou-se a média de utilização dos agrotóxicos nos trimestres anterior e posterior à data da fecundação e durante todo o período periconcepecional segundo município e mês e ano de sua utilização. Posteriormente, estas medidas foram quartilizadas e transformadas em variáveis do tipo indicadoras (dummy ), atribuindo-se um nível de exposição para cada intervalo interquartil. Foi realizada análise bivariada e regressão logística. Foram observadas associações significantes (p < 0,05) no terceiro (OR=1,66, IC95% 0,98 - 2,79) e quarto quartil (OR=1,88, IC95% 1,09 - 3,24) do período pós-fecundação e no quarto quartil (OR=2,04, IC95%1,17-3,56) durante todo o período periconcepecional. A exposição materna aos agrotóxicos foi associada à maior ocorrência de malformações congênitas.
Mato Grosso is the largest agricultural producer and the largest national consumer of pesticides in Brazil. Maternal exposure to pesticides in the periconceptional period has been associated with increased risk of congenital malformations. This article aims to analyze the association between the use of pesticides and congenital malformations in cities with highest exposure to pesticides in Mato Grosso. It was a case-control study conducted with 219 live births with congenital malformations and 862 live births. The average use of pesticides was estimated in the prior and subsequent trimester to the date of fertilization and throughout the periconceptional period per city, month and year of use. Subsequently, these measures were quartilized and transformed into indicator-type (dummy) variables, attributing an exposure level for each interquartile interval. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. Significant associations were observed (p < 0.05) in the third (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.79) and fourth quartile (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.24) of the post-fertilization period and the fourth quartile (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.56) throughout the periconceptional period. Maternal exposure to pesticides was associated with higher incidence of congenital malformations.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cidades , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, 99% of the cases of malaria are concentrated in the Amazon region, with high level of transmission. The objectives of the study were to use geographic information systems (GIS) analysis and logistic regression as a tool to identify and analyse the relative likelihood and its socio-environmental determinants of malaria infection in the Vale do Amanhecer rural settlement, Brazil. METHODS: A GIS database of georeferenced malaria cases, recorded in 2005, and multiple explanatory data layers was built, based on a multispectral Landsat 5 TM image, digital map of the settlement blocks and a SRTM digital elevation model. Satellite imagery was used to map the spatial patterns of land use and cover (LUC) and to derive spectral indices of vegetation density (NDVI) and soil/vegetation humidity (VSHI). An Euclidian distance operator was applied to measure proximity of domiciles to potential mosquito breeding habitats and gold mining areas. The malaria risk model was generated by multiple logistic regression, in which environmental factors were considered as independent variables and the number of cases, binarized by a threshold value was the dependent variable. RESULTS: Out of a total of 336 cases of malaria, 133 positive slides were from inhabitants at Road 08, which corresponds to 37.60% of the notifications. The southern region of the settlement presented 276 cases and a greater number of domiciles in which more than ten cases/home were notified. From these, 102 (30.36%) cases were caused by Plasmodium falciparum and 174 (51.79%) cases by Plasmodium vivax. Malaria risk is the highest in the south of the settlement, associated with proximity to gold mining sites, intense land use, high levels of soil/vegetation humidity and low vegetation density. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-resolution, remote sensing data and GIS-derived distance measures can be successfully combined with digital maps of the housing location of (non-) infected inhabitants to predict relative likelihood of disease infection through the analysis by logistic regression. Obtained findings on the relation between malaria cases and environmental factors should be applied in the future for land use planning in rural settlements in the Southern Amazon to minimize risks of disease transmission.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Malária Vivax/epidemiologia , Topografia Médica , Brasil/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Medição de Risco , População Rural , Análise EspacialRESUMO
Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas da malária no município de Colniza, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre 2003 e 2009. Método: foi realizado estudo descritivo dos casos de malária registrados no Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica Malária (Sivep_malária). Resultados: a maioria dos 18.903 casos foi autóctone (90,5 por cento), predominantemente em homens (71,4 por cento) na faixa etária de 15 a 59 anos (74,4 por cento), com 4 a 7 anos de estudos (19,5 por cento) e idade média de 27,7 anos; detectou-se 77,7 por cento de Plasmodium vivax e 21,6 por cento de Plasmodium falciparum na amostra; comparando os registros das Unidades Notificantes por Região (UNR), o maior número de casos ocorreu na UNR Guariba, entre 2005 e 2006. Conclusão: o município apresentou Índice Parasitário Anual crescente entre 2003 e 2007, e decrescente entre 2008 e 2009; a tendência e o processo epidêmico-endêmico da malária foram distintos para cada UNR do município de Colniza-MT.
Objective: this studys aim was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in the municipality of Colniza, Mato Grosso state, Brazil between 2003 and 2009. Method: the descriptive epidemiology of malaria cases registered in Colniza was done using Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP_malaria) data for the period 2003-2009. Results: most of the of 18,903 cases (90.5 per cent) were autochthonous, predominantly in men (71.4 per cent) aged 15 to 59 (74.4 per cent), with 4 to 7 years of formal education (19.5 per cent) and average age of 27.7 years, caused by Plasmodium vivax (77.7 per cent) and by Plasmodium falciparum (21.6 per cent). Comparing cases by Notifying Unit Region (UNR), most cases between 2005 and 2006 occurred in Guariba. Conclusion: Colniza showed an increase in malaria prevalence between 2003 and 2007 and a decrease in 2008 and 2009. Distinct epidemic-endemic processes and trends were verified for each of the municipalitys UNRs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ecossistema Amazônico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Malária/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Factors associated with the incidence of malaria in the Vale do Amanhecer settlement, Juruena, Mato Grosso in 2005 were analyzed. Two hundred settlers of both genders and aged 18 years and above were interviewed. The prevalence of malaria reported in 2005 was 33%. The prevalence ratio showed that the highest prevalence of malaria was found in individuals involved in gold mining activities (67%); who came from non-endemic areas (43%); had inadequate knowledge about the time of greatest activity of the vector (71%); and who reported being outside after 5 p.m. (59%). It was concluded that in the Vale do Amanhecer settlement, factors such as occupation, origin, inadequate knowledge about where malaria is transmitted, inadequate knowledge about the time the mosquito usually bites and individual practices in relation to the peak period of mosquito activity were associated with malaria in 2005.
Assuntos
Malária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Emigração e Imigração , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Factors associated with the incidence of malaria in the Vale do Amanhecer settlement, Juruena, Mato Grosso in 2005 were analyzed. Two hundred settlers of both genders and aged 18 years and above were interviewed. The prevalence of malaria reported in 2005 was 33%. The prevalence ratio showed that the highest prevalence of malaria was found in individuals involved in gold mining activities (67%); who came from non-endemic areas (43%); had inadequate knowledge about the time of greatest activity of the vector (71%); and who reported being outside after 5 p.m. (59%). It was concluded that in the Vale do Amanhecer settlement, factors such as occupation, origin, inadequate knowledge about where malaria is transmitted, inadequate knowledge about the time the mosquito usually bites and individual practices in relation to the peak period of mosquito activity were associated with malaria in 2005.
Analisaram-se fatores associados à ocorrência da malária no Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer, Juruena - Mato Grosso em 2005. Foram entrevistados 200 indivíduos assentados, de ambos os sexos e idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A prevalência de malária referida em 2005 foi de 33,0%. A análise através da razão de prevalência mostrou que as maiores prevalências de malária foram nos indivíduos que exerciam atividade garimpeira (67,0%); procedentes de área não endêmica (43,0%); com conhecimento inadequado sobre o horário de maior atividade do vetor (71,0%) e indivíduos que referiram estar na roça após as 17:00 horas (59,0%). Concluiu-se que no Assentamento Vale do Amanhecer fatores como, ocupação, procedência, conhecimento inadequado sobre onde a malária é transmitida, horário que o mosquito costuma picar, e as atividades de cada indivíduo em relação ao horário de pico do vetor, mostraram-se associadas à malária em 2005.