RESUMO
ABSTRACT Previous studies reported that new-onset persistent left bundle branch block (NOP-LBBB) was related to worse outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, these results can be confounded by the presence of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation before and after TAVI. Long-term outcomes and the risk stratification of NOP-LBBB not having PPM implantation before and after TAVI have not been fully investigated. This is an international, multicenter, retrospective study of patients who underwent TAVI from July 31, 2007, to May 8, 2020. A total of 2,240 patients were included, and 17.5% of patients developed NOP-LBBB. NOP-LBBB was associated with cardiac mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.419, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.014 to 1.985, p = 0.041) and the composite outcomes of cardiac mortality and/or heart failure readmission (aHR 1.313, 95% CI 1.027 to 1.678, p = 0.030). Patients who developed NOP-LBBB with pre-TAVI left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% were significantly associated with cardiac mortality (aHR 2.049, 95% CI 1.039 to 4.041, p = 0.038), heart failure (aHR 3.990, 95% CI 2.362 to 6.741, p <0.001), and the composite outcome (aHR 2.729, 95% CI 1.703 to 4.374, p <0.001). Although NOP-LBBB with pre-TAVI LVEF >40% had a significant decrease in LVEF 6 to 12 months after TAVI (-1.8 ± 9.7% vs +0.6 ± 8.1%, p = 0.003), NOP-LBBB with pre-TAVI LVEF <40% had a significant increase in LVEF 6 to 12 months after TAVI (+9.7 ± 13.6% vs +13.0 ± 11.7%, p = 0.157). In conclusion, patients with NOP-LBBB without pre-TAVI and post-TAVI PPM developed significantly worse long-term outcomes, especially in patients with pre-TAVI LVEF <40%. Further prospective investigation should be undertaken.
Assuntos
Bloqueio de Ramo , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Insuficiência CardíacaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few clinical studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis (VLST). We report optical coherence tomography findings in patients with VLST and compare the findings between bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES). METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a registry of stent thrombosis at 4 North American centers with optical coherence tomography imaging programs SAFE registry (The Study of Late Stent Failure Evaluated by OCT). Images were acquired in 61 patients (42 DES and 19 BMS) presenting with definite VLST. The median duration from implantation to VLST presentation was 51.4 months in the DES and 69.9 months in the BMS group (P=0.011). Uncovered and malapposed struts were observed in 70.5% (43/61) and 62.3% (38/61) of patients, respectively, whereas neoatherosclerosis was revealed in 49.2% (30/61). Stent underexpansion was observed in 42.4% of patients. Malapposed struts and stent underexpansion were more frequently demonstrated in DES than in BMS patients, whereas neoatherosclerosis was frequently observed in BMS (40.5% in DES and 68.4% in BMS; P=0.056). The percentage of frames with neoatherosclerosis was lower in DES than in BMS (15.56% [12.24-28.57] versus, 56.41% [40.74-70.00], respectively; P<0.001). Maximum consecutive lipid neointima length was shorter in DES than in BMS (2.4 [1.2-3.6] and 5.3 [3.0-7.0] mm; P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated that VLST in DES and BMS had a wide variety of abnormal findings, such as neoatherosclerosis, uncovered strut, and malapposed strut. Neoatherosclerosis and lipid neointima were more frequently observed and had more longitudinal extension in BMS compared with DES.
Assuntos
Trombose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Stents Farmacológicos , Metais , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Placa Aterosclerótica , Stents , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Idoso , Trombose Coronária/etiologia , Trombose Coronária/patologia , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Norte , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of the early experience of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) with balloon-expandable valves in patients with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC) and reports the first large series from a multicenter global registry. BACKGROUND: The risk of surgical mitral valve replacement in patients with severe MAC is high. There are isolated reports of successful TMVR with balloon-expandable valves in this patient population. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective review of clinical outcomes of patients with severe MAC undergoing TMVR. RESULTS: From September 2012 to July of 2015, 64 patients in 32 centers underwent TMVR with compassionate use of balloon-expandable valves. Mean age was 73 ± 13 years, 66% were female, and mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 14.4 ± 9.5%. The mean mitral gradient was 11.45 ± 4.4 mm Hg and the mean mitral area was 1.18 ± 0.5 cm(2). SAPIEN valves (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) were used in 7.8%, SAPIEN XT in 59.4%, SAPIEN 3 in 28.1%, and Inovare (Braile Biomedica, Brazil) in 4.7%. Access was transatrial in 15.6%, transapical in 43.8%, and transseptal in 40.6%. Technical success according to Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria was achieved in 46 (72%) patients, primarily limited by the need for a second valve in 11 (17.2%). Six (9.3%) had left ventricular tract obstruction with hemodynamic compromise. Mean mitral gradient post-procedure was 4 ± 2.2 mm Hg, paravalvular regurgitation was mild or absent in all. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 29.7% (cardiovascular = 12.5% and noncardiac = 17.2%); 84% of the survivors with follow-up data available were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II at 30 days (n = 25). CONCLUSIONS: TMVR with balloon-expandable valves in patients with severe MAC is feasible but may be associated with significant adverse events. This strategy might be an alternative for selected high-risk patients with limited treatment options.
Assuntos
Calcinose/cirurgia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valvuloplastia com Balão , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/mortalidade , Calcinose/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Cateterismo Cardíaco/mortalidade , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/instrumentação , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , América do Norte , Seleção de Pacientes , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , América do Sul , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become the invasive imaging modality of choice for coronary stent assessment due to its unmatched spatial resolution. Neointimal calcification (NC) is a rare finding, observed in 5-10% of in-stent restenosis (ISR) neointima. The impact of NC on percutaneous coronary intervention of ISR is unknown. We therefore present the outcome of six unique cases of ISR and NC in which OCT was used to evaluate the impact of NC on the quality of stent-in-stent deployment for the treatment of ISR. This series demonstrates for the first time the impact of NC on stent expansion, a finding which might help guiding percutaneous coronary intervention for ISR with NC.
Assuntos
Reestenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Neointima/diagnóstico por imagem , Stents , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Reestenose Coronária/terapia , Humanos , Stents/efeitos adversos , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While the current methodology for determining fibrous cap (FC) thickness of lipid plaques is based on manual measurements of arbitrary points, which could lead to high variability and decreased accuracy, it ignores the three-dimensional (3-D) morphology of coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare, utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessments, volumetric quantification of FC, and macrophage detection using both visual assessment and automated image processing algorithms in non-culprit lesions of STEMI and stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients. METHODS: Lipid plaques were selected from 67 consecutive patients (1 artery/patient). FC was manually delineated by a computer-aided method and automatically classified into three thickness categories: FC < 65 µm (i.e., thin-cap fibroatheroma [TCFA]), 65-150 µm, and >150 µm. Minimum thickness, absolute categorical surface area, and fractional luminal area of FC were analyzed. Automated detection and quantification of macrophage was performed within the segmented FC. RESULTS: A total of 5,503 cross-sections were analyzed. STEMI patients when compared with SAP patients had more absolute categorical surface area for TCFA (0.43 ± 0.45 mm(2) vs. 0.15 ± 0.25 mm(2) ; P = 0.011), thinner minimum FC thickness (31.63 ± 17.09 µm vs. 47.27 ± 26.56 µm, P = 0.012), greater fractional luminal area for TCFA (1.65 ± 1.56% vs. 0.74 ± 1.2%, P = 0.046), and greater macrophage index (0.0217 ± 0.0081% vs. 0.0153 ± 0.0045%, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The novel OCT-based 3-D quantification of the FC and macrophage demonstrated thinner FC thickness and larger areas of TCFA coupled with more inflammation in non-culprit sites of STEMI compared with SAP.
Assuntos
Angina Estável/diagnóstico , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Idoso , Algoritmos , Angina Estável/metabolismo , Angina Estável/patologia , Automação , Vasos Coronários/química , Feminino , Fibrose , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Lipídeos/análise , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Placa Aterosclerótica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare, in high-risk patients with 3+ to 4+ mitral regurgitation (MR) dichotomized by baseline echocardiographic features, acute, 30-day, and 12-month outcomes following percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip. BACKGROUND: The feasibility and mid-term outcomes after MitraClip implantation in patients with echocardiographic features different from the EVEREST (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair) I and II trials have been scarcely studied. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes through 12-month follow-up of consecutive patients who underwent MitraClip implantation were obtained from an ongoing prospective registry. Two different groups, divided according to baseline echocardiographic criteria (investigational group [EVERESTOFF] and control group [EVERESTON]), were compared. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were included in EVERESTOFF and 93 patients in EVERESTON groups. Important and comparable acute reductions in MR and no clip-related complications were revealed. The primary safety endpoint at 30 days was comparable between groups (2.6% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p = 0.204); in addition, MR reduction was mostly sustained, whereas equivalent improvement in New York Heart Association functional class were demonstrated. Kaplan-Meier freedom from death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction, or grade ≥3+ MR at 12 months was demonstrated in 71.4% and 76.2%, respectively, in the EVERESTOFF and EVERESTON groups (log rank p = 0.378). Significant improvements in ejection fraction and reduction in left ventricle volumes were demonstrated in both groups over time, but the baseline between-group differences were sustained. CONCLUSIONS: MitraClip implantation in patients with expanded baseline echocardiographic features, compared with the control group, was associated with similar rates of safety and efficacy through 12-month follow-up. Further validation of our findings is warranted.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/instrumentação , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica afeta mais de 1,2 milhão de pessoas no mundo. Apenas 35% dos pacientes hipertensos têm valores de pressão arterial controlados. Recentemente a denervação simpática renal (DSR) tem demonstrado diminuir significativamente os valores de pressão arterial nos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica resistente. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, de braço único, observacional, multicêntrico, incluindo pacientes consecutivos submetidos a DSR. O objetivo primário foi avaliar os níveis da pressão arterial sistólica aos 30 dias de seguimento. O objetivo secundário foi determinar a ocorrência de qualquer evento adverso relacionado com o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos os primeiros 20 pacientes submetidos a DSR. A média de pressão arterial antes do procedimento foi de 171,6/93,2 ± 15,5/11,3 mmHg, com média de uso de 4,1 ± 1,5 fármacos anti-hipertensivos por paciente. A taxa de sucesso foi de 95%, tendo sido aplicadas 11,1 ± 1,9 ablações por paciente. Foi observada diminuição média de 29 ± 21 mmHg (P = 0,009) na pressão arterial sistólica 30 dias após o procedimento. Não houve complicação associada ao procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: A DSR por cateter em pacientes da prática clínica diária diminuiu significativamente os valores de pressão arterial. Em nossa experiência, a DSR demonstrou ser factível e segura.
BACKGROUND: Systemic arterial hypertension affects over 1.2 million people worldwide. Only 35% of hypertensive patients have controlled blood pressure levels. Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) has shown to significantly decrease blood pressure levels in patients with resistant systemic hypertension. METHODS: Prospective, single arm, observational, multicenter study including consecutive patients undergoing RSD. The primary endpoint was to assess systolic blood pressure levels at the 30-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was to determine the presence of procedure-related adverse events. RESULTS: The first 20 patients undergoing RSD were included. The average blood pressure prior the procedure was 171.6/93.2 ± 15.5/ 11.3 mmHg, with the use of 4.1 ± 1.5 antihypertensive drugs per patient. Success rate was 95%, and 11.1 ± 1.9 ablations were performed per patient. A systolic blood pressure decrease of 29 ± 21 mmHg (P = 0.009) was observed 30 days after the procedure. There were no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter-based RSD in daily clinical practice patients significantly decreased blood pressure levels. In our experience, RSD proved to be feasible and safe.