RESUMO
In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of acute fatigue on pistol shooting performance among Air Force marksmen. We compared the accuracy, precision, speed-accuracy trade-off, shooting cycle time, and hits on a silhouette target among 12 Brazilian Air Force servicemen (M age = 21.5, SD - 1.6 years) under both fatigue and non-fatigue conditions in a crossover design. In the fatigued condition, the participants performed a fatigue protocol composed of side runs, vertical jumps, push-ups, running, and burpees exercises before shooting. Participants performed the countermovement jump and the plyometric push-ups tests on a contact mat before and immediately after the fatigue protocol to compare the heights achieved pre- and post-fatigue. Paired t-tests showed a significant performance reduction of 34.36% and 40.02% for the countermovement jump and plyometric push-ups, respectively, indicating that participants were fatigued in their lower and upper limbs. In the non-fatigued condition, no exercise was performed before shooting. Results indicated no significant differences between conditions on shooting precision (p = .125; ES: .54), speed-accuracy trade-off (p = .261; ES = .33), hits within the silhouette (p = .167; ES = .41), or shooting cycle times (p = .868; ES = .05); but accuracy was greater (p = .025; ES: .54) when fatigued. We concluded that overall shooting performance was not impaired by physical fatigue, and shooting accuracy appeared to be improved. Perhaps physical fatigue was not enough to impair shooting accuracy in this young adult group, as accuracy decline is expected instead when shooters are in an exhausted state. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and test this presumption.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Militares , Corrida , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Exercício Físico , Fadiga , Força Muscular , Estudos Cross-OverRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the relationship between atherosclerotic plaque characteristics (APCs) and angiographic stenosis severity in patients with and without diabetes. Whether APCs differ based on lesion severity and diabetes status is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 303 subjects from the Computed TomogRaphic Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Determinants of Myocardial IsChEmia (CREDENCE) trial referred for invasive coronary angiography with coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and classified lesions as obstructive (≥50% stenosed) or nonobstructive using blinded core laboratory analysis of quantitative coronary angiography. CCTA quantified APCs, including plaque volume (PV), calcified plaque (CP), noncalcified plaque (NCP), low-density NCP (LD-NCP), lesion length, positive remodeling (PR), high-risk plaque (HRP), and percentage of atheroma volume (PAV; PV normalized for vessel volume). The relationship between APCs, stenosis severity, and diabetes status was assessed. RESULTS: Among the 303 patients, 95 (31.4%) had diabetes. There were 117 lesions in the cohort with diabetes, 58.1% of which were obstructive. Patients with diabetes had greater plaque burden (P = 0.004). Patients with diabetes and nonobstructive disease had greater PV (P = 0.02), PAV (P = 0.02), NCP (P = 0.03), PAV NCP (P = 0.02), diseased vessels (P = 0.03), and maximum stenosis (P = 0.02) than patients without diabetes with nonobstructive disease. APCs were similar between patients with diabetes with nonobstructive disease and patients without diabetes with obstructive disease. Diabetes status did not affect HRP or PR. Patients with diabetes had similar APCs in obstructive and nonobstructive lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes and nonobstructive stenosis had an association to similar APCs as patients without diabetes who had obstructive stenosis. Among patients with nonobstructive disease, patients with diabetes had more total PV and NCP.