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Social adaptation arises from the interaction between the individual and the social environment. However, little empirical evidence exists regarding the relationship between social contact and social adaptation. We propose that loneliness and social networks are key factors explaining social adaptation. Sixty-four healthy subjects with no history of psychiatric conditions participated in this study. All participants completed self-report questionnaires about loneliness, social network, and social adaptation. On a separate day, subjects underwent a resting state fMRI recording session. A hierarchical regression model on self-report data revealed that loneliness and social network were negatively and positively associated with social adaptation. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis showed that loneliness was associated with decreased FC between the fronto-amygdalar and fronto-parietal regions. In contrast, the social network was positively associated with FC between the fronto-temporo-parietal network. Finally, an integrative path model examined the combined effects of behavioral and brain predictors of social adaptation. The model revealed that social networks mediated the effects of loneliness on social adaptation. Further, loneliness-related abnormal brain FC (previously shown to be associated with difficulties in cognitive control, emotion regulation, and sociocognitive processes) emerged as the strongest predictor of poor social adaptation. Findings offer insights into the brain indicators of social adaptation and highlight the role of social networks as a buffer against the maladaptive effects of loneliness. These findings can inform interventions aimed at minimizing loneliness and promoting social adaptation and are especially relevant due to the high prevalence of loneliness around the globe. These findings also serve the study of social adaptation since they provide potential neurocognitive factors that could influence social adaptation.

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Resumen En el contexto de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, se ha descrito una afección poco usual denominada síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños, asociada a COVID-19, en la cual los síntomas más frecuentes son los gastrointestinales. El dolor abdominal agudo severo se presenta hasta en un 60 % de los casos, requiriendoprincipalmente un diagnóstico diferencial con la apendicitis aguda. Se reporta el caso clínico de un adolescente quién presentó dolor abdominal, distensión, fiebre y diarrea, con proteína C reactiva muy elevada y hallazgos tomográficos compatibles con apendicitis aguda, por lo que se llevó a cirugía. Fue diagnosticado posteriormente con la enfermedad mencionada, tras reconsultar con fiebre y dolor abdominal. La apendicitis aguda en este síndrome se asocia con isquemia por la vasculitis intestinal y es una complicación inmunológica potencialmente mortal que debe considerarse por riesgo de perforación intestinal.

Abstract In the context of the disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, an unusual condition called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 has been described, and its most common symptoms are gastrointestinal. Severe acute abdominal pain occurs in up to 60% of cases, requiring mainly a differential diagnosis with acute appendicitis. It is described the clinical case of an adolescent who presented abdominal pain, bloating, fever and diarrhea, with very high C-reactive protein and tomographic findings compatible with acute appendicitis, for which he underwent surgery. He was later diagnosed with the disease, after consulting again with fever and abdominal pain. Acute appendicitis related to this syndrome is associated with ischemia due to intestinal vasculitis and is a life-threatening immunological complication due to the risk of intestinal perforation.

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This review focuses on describing and discussing recent findings regarding the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the supramolecular structure and technofunctional properties of starch, as well as on analyzing the hypothesis to explain these changes. The non-thermal modification of starch through HHP involves complex supramolecular structural changes that depend on the botanical source, amylose content, and treatment intensity. Overall, the granular morphology, lamellar and crystalline structures, and double helices undergo different degrees of modification/disorganization during HHP, but these changes are distinguished from thermal modification by an improvement at the same gelatinization degree. The HHP-induced supramolecular modifications determine the properties of starch, including water solubility, swelling power, pasting, water and oil holding capacity, thermal properties, and in vitro digestibility.

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El Streptococcus gallolyticus del colon. La fisiopatología que explica este fenómeno implica el aumento local de niveles de lactato puede presentarse como el germen causal de la endocarditis infecciosa en pacientes con lesiones premalignas y malignas, colágeno, fibrinógeno y fibronectina secundario a la hiperactividad metabólica tumoral que genera un ambiente adecuado para el crecimiento y adhesión bacteriana a la pared intestinal y posterior translocación al torrente sanguíneo. Simultáneamente, se establece la presencia de infecciones secundarias por la formación de biofilms, tanto a nivel colorrectal como en válvulas cardíacas. El objetivo del manuscrito es un mapeo en la literatura médica disponible sobre la correlación entre la endocarditis por Streptococcus gallolyticus y las lesiones premalignas y malignas de colon. Simultáneamente, exponer la experiencia clínica de un hombre de 82 años con diagnóstico de endocarditis por Streptococcus gallolyticus y el hallazgo incidental de pólipos adenomatosos del colon(AU)

Streptococcus gallolyticus can present as the causative germ of infective endocarditis in patients with premalignant and malignant lesions of the colon. The pathophysiology that explains this phenomenon involves the local increase in lactate that can be presented as the causal germ of infective endocarditis in patients with premalignant and malignant lesions, collagen, fibrinogen, and fibronectin levels secondary to tumor metabolic hyperactivity, which generates a suitable environment for bacterial growth and adhesion to the intestinal wall and subsequent translocation to the bloodstream. Simultaneously, the presence of secondary infections is established due to the formation of biofilms, both at the colorectal level and in the heart valves. The objective of the manuscript is a mapping in the available medical literature on the correlation between Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis and premalignant and malignant colonic lesions. Simultaneously, to present the clinical experience of an 82-year-old man diagnosed with Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis and the incidental finding of adenomatous polyps of the colon(AU)

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Resumen La enfermedad COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV 2 cuya presentación clínica es muy heterogénea: puede ir desde personas asintomáticas hasta pacientes críticamente enfermos, con tormenta de citoquinas, distrés respiratorio agudo, disfunción de órganos e incluso la muerte. Las terapias actuales para su tratamiento van encaminadas a reducir el impacto de la cascada inflamatoria, y dentro de estas encontramos las tecnologías de hemoadsorción como la membrana CytoSorb. A continuación, presentamos un paciente masculino de 31 años de edad, quien consultó por sintomatología severa de COVID-19 y mostró una evidente mejoría clínica y bioquímica posterior al uso del dispositivo CytoSorb. Este es el único paciente documentado en Colombia al que se le haya realizado terapia de hemoperfusión con este dispositivo en conjunto con terapia de reemplazo renal intermitente prolongada y se hayan registrado desenlaces clínicos favorables.

Abstract The COVID-19 disease is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus whose clinical presentation is very heterogeneous: it can range from asymptomatic people to critically ill patients, with cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress, organ dysfunction and even death. Current therapies for its treatment are aimed at reducing the impact of the inflammatory cascade, and within these we find hemoadsorption technologies such as the CytoSorb membrane. Next, we present a 31-year-old male patient, who consulted due to severe symptoms of COVID-19 and showed an evident clinical and biochemical improvement after using the CytoSorb device. This is the only documented patient in Colombia who has undergone haemoperfusion therapy with this device in conjunction with prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy and favorable clinical outcomes have been recorded.

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BACKGROUND: Nowadays the importance of lifestyles in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome has been largely accertained. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our work is to implement programs that promote a nutritional culture in adolescents and young adults of the La Sabana University. METHODS: The methodology entailed, after the corresponding informed consent, taking measures of the triceps and supraescapular skinfolds, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, and fat mass. Fasting blood samples were also taken to quantify cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). RESULTS: The results obtained show that of the 165 students, 10.3% were underweight, 13.93% were overweight and 0.6% were obese. With regards to gender, 4.8% of the men and 9% of the women were overweight, 3% of the men and 7.2% of the women were underweight, and 0.6% of the women were obese. The blood chemistry showed that 30% had hypercholesterolemia, 18% hypertriglyceridemia, 17% reported low HDL levels and 67% reported high LDL levels. Of all the cases studied, 40% are at risk of a metabolic syndrome. 60% claimed not to practice any physical activity - especially women who reported 44.70%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have allowed us at the institution to implement a culture of healthy habits. The have also allowed us to identify students with risk factors for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This is why the cardiometabolic monitoring and control based on healthy eating and physical activity are important.

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Resumen: La hepatitis autoinmunitaria es una enfermedad inflamatoria progresiva que daña directamente los hepatocitos, a largo plazo y sin tratamiento oportuno lleva a cirrosis. En todo el mundo se estiman 11.6-35.9 casos/100,000 habitantes, por tanto, en la práctica médica es poco considerada entre los diagnósticos de hepatitis crónica; entre otras causas, debido a que los criterios diagnósticos simplificados para esta enfermedad son complejos, pues se centran en medios diagnósticos costosos y en países de bajos y medianos ingresos, se dificulta el acceso, la oportunidad del diagnóstico y el tratamiento, además, es importante considerar la sensibilidad de éstos. Se comunica el caso clínico de una paciente adulta con características clínicas de cirrosis por hepatitis autoinmunitaria, en quien la utilización de los métodos diagnósticos recomendados no favoreció el diagnóstico de enfermedad autoinmunitaria. El caso comunicado es atípico, destaca la mejoría clínica con el tratamiento inmunomodulador como criterio diagnóstico único de los criterios clásicos de 1999 para establecer el diagnóstico de hepatitis autoinmunitaria por la elevada sensibilidad de la respuesta al tratamiento evidenciada a las 48 horas. Es importante considerar el inicio del tratamiento inmunomodulador contra la hepatitis autoinmunitaria una vez descartadas las principales causas de hepatopatía crónica, a pesar de no cumplir los criterios diagnósticos, con lo que se frenó el avance de la enfermedad y el desenlace fatal en el paciente.

Abstract: Autoimmune hepatitis is a progressive inflammatory disease that directly attacks the hepatocytes, in the long term and without timely treatment leads to cirrhosis. Worldwide, it is estimated between 11.6-35.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants, therefore, in medical practice it is low considered in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis; because the simplified diagnostic criteria for this disease are complex, insofar as they focus on costly diagnostic means, and in lowand middle-income countries, it makes difficult the access, the opportunity for diagnosis and treatment. In addition, it is important to consider the sensitivity of these diagnostic means. This paper reports the clinical case of an adult woman with clinical features of cirrhosis due to autoimmune hepatitis, in which the use of recommended diagnostic methods did not directly favor the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. This clinical case is atypical, highlighting the clinical improvement with immunosuppressive treatment, considered a single diagnostic criterion of the classical criteria of 1999 to determine the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, due to the high sensitivity of the response to the treatment evidenced at 48 hours. It is important to consider the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment of hepatitis autoinmunitaria, once the main causes of chronic liver disease have been ruled out, despite not meeting the diagnostic criteria, thus slowing the progression of the disease and a fatal outcome in the patient.

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La miocardiopatía arritmogénica del ventrículo derecho es una patología, en la mayoría de los casos de origen genético autosómico dominante caracterizado por el compromiso, tanto morfológico como funcional, del ventrículo derecho en el que se reemplaza el tejido del miocardio normal por tejido fibroadiposo, generando un sustrato arritmogénico. Se debe sospechar en todo paciente joven que presente síncope, taquiarritmia ventricular o paro cardiaco. Su diagnóstico se establece por la sumatoria de criterios que incluyen hallazgos morfológicos, electrocardiográficos y alteraciones funcionales. En la actualidad no hay un tratamiento único establecido; sin embargo, se sigue trabajando en el diagnóstico temprano y el uso de terapias más avanzadas. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura en el contexto de la presentación de un caso clínico diagnosticado en la ciudad de Bucaramanga en un adulto joven de género masculino. MÉD.UIS. 27(3):123-134.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a pathology, mostly genetic of dominant autosomic pattern characterized by both morphologic and functional compromise of the right ventricle in which normal myocardial tissue its replaced by fibrous and adipose tissue generating an arrhythmogenic substrate. It must be evaluated in all young patients presenting syncope, ventricular tachyarrhythmia or cardiac arrest. Its diagnosis it's established upon the consideration of morphological criteria, electrocardiographic findings and functional alterations. Currently there is not a definite treatment established; however there is ongoing research in early diagnosis and advanced therapies usage. In this article we provide a literature review in the context of a clinical case diagnosed in a male young adult from the city of Bucaramanga in Colombia. MÉD.UIS. 27(3):123-134.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y principales hábitos de vida saludable en la población estudiada. Materiales y métodos: Medición de la composición corporal por medio de impedanciómetro, muestras de sangre para la determinación de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas (HDL y LDL) en 161 jóvenes universitarios (17-28 años). Resultados: 74.6 % normopeso, 10.5 % bajo peso, 14.2 % sobrepeso y 1 % obesidad. Química sanguínea: 23 % presentaba hipercolesterolemia, 13.7 % hipertrigliceridemia, 31% bajo c-HDL y 2.5 % alto c-LDL. Un 40.63 % de las mujeres y 50 % de los hombres son fumadores; 40 % de las mujeres y 21.5 % de los hombres consume frutas diariamente; 17 % de las mujeres y 33.33 % de los hombres consume alcohol de manera semanal. El 62.50 % de la población entrevistada que se encuentra en sobrepeso refirió que no realiza actividad física. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos nos sugieren que es importante reforzar en nuestra población una cultura de hábitos saludables, caracterizada por una alimentación saludable y una mayor actividad física, que constituyen dos de las principales alternativas para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles.

Introduction: The assessment of body composition, as well as knowledge of risk factors among young university students is of great interest. Objectives: To evaluate body composition, lipid profile and characterize students' health lifestyles. Materials and methods: University students (n=161) (17-28 years), were tested for body composition by impedance meter, blood samples for total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein (HDL and LDL). Results: 74.6 % had normal weight, 10.5 % were underweight, 14.2 % overweight and 1 % were obese. Blood chemistry: 23% had hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia 13.7 %, 3% low HDL-C and 2.5 % high LDL-C. A 40.63 % of women and 50% of men are smokers, 40% of women and 21.5 % of men consume fruits daily, 17 % of women and 33.33 % of men consume alcohol on a weekly basis. Of the surveyed overweight population, 62.50 % do not engage in physical activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of strengthening healthy practices in the students population; healthy diet and increased physical activity, are two of the main alternatives for the prevention of chronic non-reportable diseases.

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La obesidad y sus complicaciones constituyen una de las principales pandemias a nivel mundial, en especial la Diabetes tipo 2 que está asociada a la resistencia a la insulina. El propósito de este trabajo es describir la relación existente entre la obesidad y otros de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de estudiantes universitarios del centro de Bogotá. Previo consentimiento informado, se procedió a la medición de la composición corporal, a través de la toma de: pliegue tricipital y supraescapular mediante adipometro, perímetro de cintura, índice de Masa Corporal, Masa Magra, Masa Grasa y porcentaje de grasa entre otras. También se realizaron tomas de muestras de sangre para determinar glucemia, colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas, cuya relación permite el cálculo del índice aterogénico. De una muestra final de 76 estudiantes, el 15,5% presenta sobrepeso; el 76,5 % está dentro de rangos considerados normales; y el 8,0% presenta bajo peso. En lo referente a los datos por sexo, se encontró que un 5,5 % de hombres y un 19,0% de las mujeres presentaban sobrepeso y un 5,5% de los hombres y un 8,6 % de las mujeres presentaban bajo peso, en ningún caso hubo personas obesas. El perímetro de cintura varió entre 68 y 97 cm en hombres y entre 61 y 92 cm en mujeres, finalmente el porcentaje de grasa estuvo entre 27,6 a 30,7 en hombres y entre 11,0 a 36,9 en mujeres. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, es importante promover en nuestra población una cultura de hábitos saludables, caracterizada por una alimentación saludable y una mayor actividad física; también se recomienda, especialmente durante los primeros años de vida, ya que es en esta etapa donde se adquieren o instauran gran parte de los mismos y que en muchos casos permanecerán toda la vida.

Obesity and its complications are one of the major pandemics at the global level, especially type 2 diabetes that is associated with insulin resistance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors of university students in downtown Bogota. After obtaining an informed consent, we proceeded to the measurement of the following body parts: triceps skinfold and suprascapular through adipometer, waist circumference, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass and fat glucose, total percentage among others. Blood samples were also taken to determine blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins, whose relationship allows the calculation of the atherogenic index. From a final sample of 76 students, 15.5 % was overweight; 76.5 % was considered within normal ranges; and the 8.0 % was underweight. In regard to the data by sex, it was found that a 5.5 % of men and 19.0 % of women were overweight and 5.5 % of men and 8.6 % of the women had low weight, there were no obese people in any case. The waist perimeter varied between 68 and 97 cm in men and between 61 and 92 cm in women, finally the fat percentage was between 27.6 and 30.7 in men and from 11.0 to 36.9 in women. Taking into account the results obtained, it is important to promote in our population a culture of healthy habits, characterized by a healthy diet and increased physical activity; it is also recommended, especially during the first years of life, as it is in this stage where the majority of these habits are acquired and will last for life.

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