RESUMO
IBV variants belonging to the GI-23 lineage have circulated since 1998 in the Middle East and have spread to several countries over time. In Brazil, the first report of GI-23 occurred in 2022. The study aimed to evaluate the in vivo pathogenicity of exotic variant GI-23 isolates. Biological samples were screening by real-time RT-PCR and classified in to GI-1 or G1-11 lineages. Interestingly, 47.77% were not classified in these lineages. Nine of the unclassified strains were sequenced and showed a high similarity to the GI-23 strain. All nine were isolated and three, were studied for pathogenicity. At necropsy, the main observations were the presence of mucus in the trachea and congestion in the tracheal mucosa. In addition, lesions on the tracheas showed marked ciliostasis, and the ciliary activity confirmed the high pathogenicity of isolates. This variant is highly pathogenic to the upper respiratory tract and can cause severe kidney lesions. This study confirm a circulation of GI-23 strain in the country and report, to first time, the isolation of an exotic variant of IBV in Brazil.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Brasil , Galinhas , Virulência , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , FilogeniaRESUMO
Salmonellosis ranks among the major diseases of commercial poultry, and its presence in poultry flocks is responsible for economic losses and risks related to public health. Vaccines are an important tool within integrated programmes to control salmonellosis. The purpose of this study was to assess cross-protection provided by the Poulvac® ST vaccine in the control of Salmonella Heidelberg in experimentally challenged 3- and 21-day-old birds. Eighty birds were identified and separated into four treatments (T1: vaccinated and challenged at 3 days of age, T2: unvaccinated and challenged at 3 days of age, T3: vaccinated and challenged at 21 days of age, and T4: unvaccinated and challenged at 21 days of age). The inoculum was produced from a Brazilian field strain of SH. At the end of the experiment, caecum and liver/spleen samples were collected for quantitative and qualitative analysis of SH, respectively. Analysis of the liver/spleen showed that Poulvac® ST significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the percentage of SH positivity in the group challenged at 3 days of age, while in the group challenged at 21 days this difference was almost considered significant (P = 0.1818). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference in SH count in the caecum (CFU/g) in the group challenged at 3 days, but for the group challenged at 21 days the SH counts were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower in the vaccinated group when compared to the positive control.
Assuntos
Galinhas/imunologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Salmonella/imunologia , Salmonella enterica/imunologia , Animais , Galinhas/microbiologia , Proteção Cruzada , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Humanos , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Vacinas contra Salmonella/genética , Salmonella enterica/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vísceras/imunologia , Vísceras/microbiologiaRESUMO
The present study analyzes the characteristics of Salmonella spp. from broiler chicken farms in Brazil. In total, 82 Salmonella spp. strains were characterized by serotyping, determining susceptibility to antimicrobials, and using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifteen Salmonella serotypes were identified, among which Minnesota (40.24%), Infantis (14.63%), Heidelberg (7.31%), Senftenberg (6.09%), and Mbandaka (6.09%) were the most frequent. Salmonella Minnesota occurred mostly in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and in one of the broiler companies surveyed. Approximately 60% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. From these isolates, 17.07% were resistant to only one antimicrobial (tetracycline or streptomycin), and 9.75% were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobial classes. Thirteen resistance profiles were characterized, the most frequent of which were the resistance to tetracycline (15.85%); to the combination of trimethroprim with sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (10.97%); and to the combination of streptomycin and tetracycline (9.75%). Multiple correspondence analysis revealed that susceptibility or resistance of the analyzed strains and also particular Salmonella serotypes were associated with broiler-producing companies where the samples were collected. Strains presented high intraserotype genetic variability, as shown by the 64 PFGE profiles, suggesting the existence of several contamination sources in the surveyed farms.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/fisiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Galinhas , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/veterinária , Variação Genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/genética , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Sorotipagem/veterináriaRESUMO
Salmonella enterica is frequently associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis, and products of avian origin, such as eggs and chicken meat, are the main vehicles of its transmission. The present study describes the occurrence of different serovars of Salmonella enterica and phagotypes of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs destined for human consumption. Four thousand eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms and one thousand discarded hatching eggs from broiler farms, which were acquired at farmers' markets and informal shops, were analyzed. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 52.0% of the discarded hatching eggs, in which the predominant serovar was Enteritidis (84.6%), and the predominant Salmonella Enteritidis phagotype (PT) was PT7 (26.9%). Salmonella spp. was not isolated from eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms. The antimicrobial resistance profile showed that 23.1% (n = 6) of the SE strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. The results suggest that the consumption of discarded hatching eggs represents an important source of Salmonella transmission to humans.
Assuntos
Ovos/microbiologia , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Galinhas , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Prevalência , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , SorogrupoRESUMO
Salmonella enterica is frequently associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis, and products of avian origin, such as eggs and chicken meat, are the main vehicles of its transmission. The present study describes the occurrence of different serovars of Salmonella enterica and phagotypes of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs destined for human consumption. Four thousand eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms and one thousand discarded hatching eggs from broiler farms, which were acquired at farmers' markets and informal shops, were analyzed. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 52.0% of the discarded hatching eggs, in which the predominant serovar was Enteritidis (84.6%), and the predominant Salmonella Enteritidis phagotype (PT) was PT7 (26.9%). Salmonella spp. was not isolated from eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms. The antimicrobial resistance profile showed that 23.1% (n = 6) of the SE strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. The results suggest that the consumption of discarded hatching eggs represents an important source of Salmonella transmission to humans.(AU)
Assuntos
Salmonella , Ovos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Galinhas , Inocuidade dos AlimentosRESUMO
Salmonella enterica is frequently associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis, and products of avian origin, such as eggs and chicken meat, are the main vehicles of its transmission. The present study describes the occurrence of different serovars of Salmonella enterica and phagotypes of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs destined for human consumption. Four thousand eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms and one thousand discarded hatching eggs from broiler farms, which were acquired at farmers' markets and informal shops, were analyzed. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 52.0% of the discarded hatching eggs, in which the predominant serovar was Enteritidis (84.6%), and the predominant Salmonella Enteritidis phagotype (PT) was PT7 (26.9%). Salmonella spp. was not isolated from eggs obtained from commercial egg laying farms. The antimicrobial resistance profile showed that 23.1% (n = 6) of the SE strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. The results suggest that the consumption of discarded hatching eggs represents an important source of Salmonella transmission to humans.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Ovos/microbiologia , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Galinhas , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Prevalência , Sorogrupo , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is currently responsible for significant losses in the poultry industry with consequences on public health. In the present study, 38 SE isolates from biological material of chicken breeders were characterized using phage typing, antimicrobial resistance profile and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The phage type (PT) 7 and 9 were predominant and 26.3% of the isolates were resistance to nalidixic acid (NAL). The phage typing and analysis of antimicrobial resistance profile showed high discriminatory power (0.85). The PFGE profile of 13 strains with XbaI and SpeI discriminated the SE phage types, as well characterized strains from the same serovar. The results showed the importance to associate different methods for the characterization of SE and suggest that poultry products may have been source of human salmonellosis in the Parana State during the period of study.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Enteritidis (SE) é responsável por prejuízos significativos à avicultura, com conseqüências importantes para saúde pública. No presente estudo foi realizada a caracterização de 38 isolados de SE provenientes de material biológico de reprodutoras destinadas à produção de frangos de corte através de fagotipagem, perfil de resistência antimicrobiana e de eletrofose de campo pulsado (PFGE). Os fagotipos (PT) predominantes foram PT7 e PT9 e 26,3% dos isolados apresentaram resistência ao ácido nalidíxico (NAL). A fagotipagem e a análise do perfil de resistência antimicrobiana juntos mostraram elevado poder discriminatório (0,85). Os perfis de PFGE de 13 cepas, com as endonucleases XbaI e SpeI permitiram discriminar os fagotipos de SE, bem como associar perfis de um mesmo fagotipo. Os resultados mostram a importância da associação de métodos para a caracterização de SE e sugerem que produtos da avicultura de corte podem ser fonte de salmonelose humana.
RESUMO
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is currently responsible for significant losses in the poultry industry with consequences on public health. In the present study, 38 SE isolates from biological material of chicken breeders were characterized using phage typing, antimicrobial resistance profile and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The phage type (PT) 7 and 9 were predominant and 26.3% of the isolates were resistance to nalidixic acid (NAL). The phage typing and analysis of antimicrobial resistance profile showed high discriminatory power (0.85). The PFGE profile of 13 strains with XbaI and SpeI discriminated the SE phage types, as well characterized strains from the same serovar. The results showed the importance to associate different methods for the characterization of SE and suggest that poultry products may have been source of human salmonellosis in the Parana State during the period of study.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Enteritidis (SE) é responsável por prejuízos significativos à avicultura, com conseqüências importantes para saúde pública. No presente estudo foi realizada a caracterização de 38 isolados de SE provenientes de material biológico de reprodutoras destinadas à produção de frangos de corte através de fagotipagem, perfil de resistência antimicrobiana e de eletrofose de campo pulsado (PFGE). Os fagotipos (PT) predominantes foram PT7 e PT9 e 26,3% dos isolados apresentaram resistência ao ácido nalidíxico (NAL). A fagotipagem e a análise do perfil de resistência antimicrobiana juntos mostraram elevado poder discriminatório (0,85). Os perfis de PFGE de 13 cepas, com as endonucleases XbaI e SpeI permitiram discriminar os fagotipos de SE, bem como associar perfis de um mesmo fagotipo. Os resultados mostram a importância da associação de métodos para a caracterização de SE e sugerem que produtos da avicultura de corte podem ser fonte de salmonelose humana.
Assuntos
Animais , Salmonelose Animal , Zoonoses , Febre Aftosa , Influenza Aviária , Doença de NewcastleRESUMO
The infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an important respiratory pathogen of chickens that also infects pheasants and peafowl. Epidemiologically non-related commercial turkey flocks with clinical signs such as tracheitis, swollen sinuses, conjunctivitis and expectoration of bloody mucus were examined for the presence of the virus. Laboratory ILTV detection was performed by virus isolation in embryonated eggs and cell cultures, PCR and sequencing of amplification products, histopathology, indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. One ILTV turkey isolate was also experimentally inoculated into susceptible chickens and turkeys, reproducing a mild respiratory disease. This is the first description of natural infections with ILTV in turkeys.