RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary fiber consumption and lifestyle on serum lipids in adult men with non-restricted diet and physical activity. METHODS: Two groups of 19 men were classified as high (48 g/day) and low fiber groups (27 g/day). Anthropometry, food frequency, daily weighed intakes and physical activity were done for a seven-day period. Fasting blood was collected and serum was analyzed for triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions. RESULTS: Crude correlation coefficients showed that total cholesterol was negatively associated with physical activity, total dietary fiber and P/S ratio (r = 0.52; p < 0.001. r = -0.44; p < 0.01, r = 0.51, p < 0.001). LDL-C was also correlated negatively with total dietary fiber and P/S ratio (r = -0.34, p < 0.03; r = -0.53, p < 0.01). It was also positively associated with dietary cholesterol and body weight (r = 0.34, p < 0.03; r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Serum triglycerides had an inverse association with total dietary fiber and physical activity (r = -0.30: p < 0.05; r = -0.45, p < 0.004). After controlling for energy intake, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, physical activity and body mass index, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, remained significantly associated with dietary fiber (r = 0.34; p < 0.05 and r = -0.38; p < 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence in free living men that there is an association between dietary fiber intake and favorable lipid status and that lifestyle defined by socioeconomic status, physical activity and the quality of the dietary fat intake can play an important role. Public health nutrition advice and policy should continue to emphasize the importance of these factors.
Assuntos
Fibras na Dieta , Estilo de Vida , Lipídeos/sangue , Adulto , Colesterol/sangue , Registros de Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
The overall vegetable and animal protein combinations of the diet in Northern Mexico were determined through a dietary population survey. Vegetable sources made up 45% and animal protein was 55% (45V/55A). Further combinations of up to 100% vegetable protein dietary mixtures (100V) were studied to test the sensibility of the variations on protein requirements of pre-school, school children and adults. Diets were analyzed for amino acid composition and in vivo protein digestibility in rats to estimate true protein requirements according to FAO/WHO/UNU (1985). The effect on the pre-school group showed the widest variation with 1.46 g/kg/day in the 45V/55A to 2.63 in the 100V. For the school-aged children and adults the variations were 1.15-1.79 and 0.94-0.84 g/kg/day respectively.
Assuntos
Dieta , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Necessidades Nutricionais , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Valor Nutritivo , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis , GravidezRESUMO
The differing contents of essential amino acids in cereals and legumes bring about an overall increase in protein quality when these foods are consumed together. This study describes a least cost formulation method for preparing products based on cereals and legumes using linear programming. The mixture was formulated under different constraints; from a nutritional standpoint, a given amino acid pattern, and another one on a technological feasibility constraint, which depends on the type of product to be elaborated. From the formulation based on wheat, chick-pea, sorghum, and soybean flours, three products were developed: bread, tortillas and cookies; from these, bread was selected for further evaluation. The product was chemically evaluated by proximate analysis composition, and amino acids were determined by HPLC. Biological evaluation was performed by the PER and RPV methods, obtaining a PER of 1.69 for the developed bread product, and of 0.68 for the control bread. The RPV for the developed product was 64.31% of lactoalbumin and 23% for the control bread, which represents an increase of 41%. The sensory evaluation results did not indicate significant differences in taste, texture, color or overall acceptability of the developed bread product as compared to the control.