RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between epilepsy and infection with Taenia solium and Toxocara canis with a case-control study, in the rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia. METHODS: A preliminary two-phase door-to-door prevalence survey determined the prevalence of epilepsy and identified cases and control subjects. At least two control subjects per case were selected, matching on sex, age, and community of residence. Cases and control subjects were assessed serologically for antibodies against T. canis by ELISA and against T. solium by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB). RESULTS: The prevalence survey found 130 confirmed cases of epilepsy, of which 113 were eligible for the case-control study (59 partial seizures and 54 generalized seizures). Two hundred thirty-three control subjects were selected. Multivariable analysis for a matched case-control study was carried out. There was an association between EITB positivity for T. solium and epilepsy with an OR of 1.85 (95% CI 0.99 to 3.4) for all cases. A stronger association was found in those with partial epilepsy with a late onset of disease (15 years and older), where the OR was 3.66 (95% CI 1.10 to 12.10). A positive association was also found with T. canis for all cases with an OR of 2.70 (95% CI 1.41 to 5.19). This increased for those with late-onset partial epilepsy to an OR of 18.22 (95% CI 2.10 to 158.10). CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that both neurocysticercosis and toxocariasis may in part explain the higher prevalence of epilepsy, particularly partial epilepsy, in developing countries.
Assuntos
Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Toxocaríase/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idade de Início , Animais , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cisticercose/diagnóstico , Cisticercose/parasitologia , Dieta , Eletroencefalografia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Epilepsias Parciais/epidemiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/etiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/parasitologia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/parasitologia , Epilepsia Generalizada/epidemiologia , Epilepsia Generalizada/etiologia , Epilepsia Generalizada/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoeletroforese , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , População Rural , Saneamento , Toxocara , Toxocara canis , Toxocaríase/diagnóstico , Toxocaríase/parasitologiaRESUMO
A serosurvey for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted on sheep, goat and dog serum samples collected in Cordillera Province, Bolivia, in 1992 Sera from 98 sheep, 218 goats and 43 dogs were tested. The observed seroprevalence in sheep and dogs was 0.0%, whereas the seropositivity rate for goat serum samples was 5.0%. Upon analysing 10 positive sera by Western immunoblotting, five reacted against the specific protein antigens and all of them met the criteria for positivity on the basis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands, indicating that goats in Cordillera Province were exposed to B. burgdorferi. These findings, which are further proof of the existence of B. burgdorferi infection in Bolivia, indicate the serologic analysis of goats as a suitable tool for Lyme borreliosis surveillance.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Doenças das Cabras/sangue , Doenças das Cabras/imunologia , Cabras , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Doença de Lyme/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologiaRESUMO
A serological survey for antibodies to Leptospira spp. was conducted on sheep, goat and dog serum samples collected in three localities in Cordillera province in the southern part of the Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia) in 1992. A total of 98 sheep, 218 goats and 43 dogs were tested against 29 leptospiral serovars using the microscopic agglutination test. At the time of blood collection all of the examined animals appeared healthy and presented no clinical sign suggestive of leptospirosis. Antibody prevalences, as determined by positive results at a 1:100 dilution or higher, was 14.3% in sheep, 19.7% in goats, and 14.0% in dogs. Agglutinins against six serovars (poi. shermani, pomona, canicola, javanica, djasiman) were found in positive animals. The highest serological prevalence in sheep and goats was recorded for serovar poi, followed by pomona in sheep and shermani in goats. Titres to shermani were the commonest in dogs. The results of this survey indicate that leptospiral infection is common in south-east Bolivia and that serovars of several serogroups concur in the etiology.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/veterinária , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Cães , Cabras , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , OvinosAssuntos
Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Testes Sorológicos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Three neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are specific against bovine herpes virus Type-1 (BHV-1) were studied as to their viral specificity by immunoperoxidase and immunoelectron microscopy. Microscopic examination of GBK BHV-1 infected cells revealed peroxidase activity represented by red-brown granular deposits in the nucleus and cytoplasm. No immunoperoxidase activity was observed in negative controls. For the ultrastructural observations, two approaches were used. Firstly we tested a pre-embedding technique using GBK infected cells, mAbs and gold conjugated-protein A. Gold particles were observed linked to the viral envelopes and to the host cell membrane. Alternatively, a second technique employed BHV-1 purified by potassium tartrate gradients, mAbs and gold conjugated-protein A. After performing the immune reaction, the samples were adsorbed to formvar-coated grids, stained with phosphotungstic acid and observed in a transmission electron microscope. Gold particles were mainly attached to the virion envelope.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/análise , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Proteínas de Bactérias , Capsídeo/imunologia , Capsídeo/ultraestrutura , Bovinos , Membrana Celular/imunologia , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Núcleo Celular/imunologia , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Células Cultivadas , Coloide de Ouro , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/classificação , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Rim/imunologia , Rim/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Imunoeletrônica , Testes de NeutralizaçãoRESUMO
A seroepidemiological study to determine the prevalence of human Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne relapsing fever was carried out in three communities (Camiri, Boyuibe and Gutierrez) of the Cordillera Province, Santa Cruz Department, south-eastern Bolivia. Anti-B. burgdorferi, anti-B. turicatae and anti-B. parkeri antibodies, tested by the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), were detected in 10.8, 16.1 and 8.2% of the serum samples tested, and confirmed by IFA-ABS in 1.3, 1.3 and 1.0%, respectively. This is the first report of the presence of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne relapsing fever in Bolivia. For Lyme borreliosis these findings represent a further datum to support its existence in South America.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Borrelia/epidemiologia , Borrelia/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reações Cruzadas , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Lactente , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus types O1 Campos Br1/58, A24 Cruzeiro Br1/55, and C3 Indaial Br1/71, which are the strains used for production of FMD vaccines in the majority of South American countries. Within the library of MAbs produced, a group was selected on the basis of their neutralizing titer in cell culture, protective titer in suckling mice, sensitivity to trypsin, and specificity for virus structural proteins. The MAbs were utilized in an ELISA test format to compare European and South American representative field isolates with vaccine production strains in their r1 relationship as obtained by 50% complement fixation (CF50) with polyclonal antibodies (PAb) and their virus neutralization (VN) relationship obtained with sera from one-time-vaccinated and from revaccinated cattle, respectively. The MAbs selected varied in their reactivity against the different strains and, therefore, enabled us to compare field FMDV strains to those against which the MAbs were produced, with definite advantages over the r1 and VN ratios. Thus, panels of MAb produced with the vaccine strains and appropriately selected are significantly useful for the FMD-control programs because they serve to provide guidance on the immunological coverage provided by the vaccines against FMDV strains circulating in the field. The MAbs are also useful for the differentiation of FMD virus strains.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Aphthovirus/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Epitopos , Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fenótipo , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Anticuerpos monoclonales fueron preparados contra herpesvirus bovino tipo 1 (BHV-1) purificado y se seleccionaron varios de acuerdo con su habilidad de neutralizar la infectividad viral. El virus fue purificado por dos métodos alternativos de concentración, con polietilenglicol seguido de ultracentrifugación sobre un colchón de sacarosa al 25 por ciento (p/p) o usando un gradiente linear de tartrato de potasio. De un total de 204 líneas celulares que segregaban anticuerpos para el virus, obtenidas en dos fusiones, se seleccionaron y expandieron clonalmente 39 hibridomas. La selección se basó en su reactividad específica por ELISA. De éstos, 11 anticuerpos monoclonales fueron capaces de neutralizar BHV-1 total o parcialmente, con o sin el agregado de complemento. Siete anticuerpos monoclonales fueron producidos (en la forma de fluido ascítico) y purificados por precipitación en sulfato de amonio. De éstos, dos fueron capaces de prevenir la penetración de virión luego de su adherencia a la células. Asimismo, tres anticuerpos monoclonales fueron seleccionados para ser usados en las pruebas de inmunoperoxidasa para la detección del BHV-1 en cultivos celulares infectados.
Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were prepared against purified Bovine Herpesvirus Type-(BHV-1) and selected for their ability to neutralize viral infectivity. Viral purification was performed by polyethylene glycol concentration and ultracentrifugation on a 25% (w/w) sucrose cushion, and by potassium tartrate linear gradient. Out of 204 cell lines expressing antobodies to the virus, obtained in two fusions, 39 hybridomas were selected and cloned based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivity. Eleven McAbs were able to neutralize BHV-1 partially or totally, with or without complement. Seven McAbs were produced as ascitic fluid, and ammonium sulfate-purified. Of these, two were able to prevent virion penetration into the cell after attachment. Three neutralizing McAbs were selected for use in immunoperoxidase tests for detecting BHV-1 in infected cell cultures.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Testes de Neutralização , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Ultracentrifugação , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Testes de Neutralização , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Técnicas ImunoenzimáticasRESUMO
Se desarrollaron anticuerpos monoclonales contra el antígeno grupo específico del virus de la lengua azul serotipo 4. Los hibridomas se obtuvieron a partir de células de bazo de ratones BALB/c inmunizados, fusionadas con células de mieloma Sp2/O-Ag 14, usando polietilenglicol 1500 y clonados por dilución limitante. El sobrenadante de ocho anticuerpos monoclonales se probó, por inmunodifusión en gel de agar, contra antígenos grupo específicos procedentes de cuatro laboratorios diferentes. Todos mostraron una buena reacción con el antígeno grupo específico. Por lo tanto, estos anticuerpos monoclonales tienen gran potencial para ser usados en la identificación de anticuerpos grupos específicos mediante la prueba ELISA de competición.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the group-specific antigen of Bluetong virus were developed using Bluetong virus serotype 4. The hybridomas were abtained from immunized BALB/c spleen cells fused with myeloma cells line Sp2/O-Ag14 using polyethylenglycol 1500, and cloned by limiting dilution. The supernatant from eight MAbs was tested against group-specific antigens used in agar gel immunodiffusion tests by different laboratories. The eight monoclonal antibodies presented good reactions to the group-specific antigen. Therefore, these MAbs have great potential for application in the identification of group-specific antibodies by competitive ELISA tests.