RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The intraglandular application of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in patients with neuromotor disorders to control the escape of saliva. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of repeated treatment with BoNT-A on the submandibular-sublingual complex of rats. METHODS: A total of 35 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (C), in which animals were not treated; group B, treated with 2.5 U intraglandular injections of BoNT-A (Prosigne® ) and group G, that received bovine gelatine (Prosigne stabilizer). Three applications were performed in intervals of 35 days. Twelve and 35 days after ending the treatment, submandibular-sublingual complex was collected for histological analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions for calponin and specific muscle actin were also performed, besides detection of apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: A decrease in mucosal and serous acini diameter was observed, with increased interstitial space after 12 days of treatment with BoNT-A, which was observed in a lesser degree on the 35th day. At 12 days, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in myoepithelial cells of serous acini in group B. TUNEL methods evidenced apoptosis in animals from group B. CONCLUSIONS: BoNT-A caused histological and cellular changes in submandibular-sublingual complex, followed by a tendency toward reversal after 35 days. The reversal characteristic of cellular changes in the submandibular-sublingual complex suggests that this BoNT-A formulation may be safely used for sialorrhea treatment.
Assuntos
Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/farmacologia , Glândulas Salivares/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose , Bovinos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Saliva , Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Sialorreia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Avicennia schaueriana is found in Brazilian mangrove coast. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Avicennia schaueriana (AELAs) and the healing activity of the plant in cream on mice skin wounds were evaluated in this study. The cytotoxic evaluation was performed on Vero cells. The healing activity was evaluated on mice treated during 5, 10 and 15 days with cream at 5%, solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% and dexpanthenol in cream at 5%. The extract did not show cytotoxicity, but showed mitogenic activity (100µg/ml). In morphometric analysis, the percentage of wound contraction after 10 days was higher in dexpanthenol group (93.41%). In 15 days, the lowest percentage of contraction was observed in the dexpanthenol group (94.41%) and the highest in the AELAs cream group (98.50%). In histomorphometry the dexpanthenol showed the lowest length of re-epithelialization in 10 days. In 15 days, the AELAs cream group showed 100% of re-epithelialization. The number of fibroblasts found in AELAs cream group was higher than the saline solution in 10 days. In 15 days, AELAs cream group maintained a higher amount of fibroblasts when compared to the others. A. schaueriana did not show cytotoxicity. Furthermore, topical application of AELAs cream decreased the wound area, stimulated the re-epithelialization and increased the number of fibroblasts. The species A. schaueriana could become a topical treatment in tissue repair process.
Assuntos
Avicennia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Creme para a Pele/farmacologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Camundongos , Ácido Pantotênico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Pantotênico/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pele/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Células VeroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. RESULTS: The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation.
Assuntos
Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Processo Alveolar/efeitos dos fármacos , Processo Alveolar/embriologia , Animais , Feminino , Colágenos Fibrilares/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactação , Masculino , Exposição Materna , Ligamento Periodontal/embriologia , Ligamento Periodontal/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gravidez , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Abstract Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Ligamento Periodontal/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ligamento Periodontal/embriologia , Fatores de Tempo , Lactação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Exposição Materna , Colágenos Fibrilares/análise , Processo Alveolar/efeitos dos fármacos , Processo Alveolar/embriologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. METHODS: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software) . RESULTS: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX
Assuntos
Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Olacaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Pele/lesões , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Brasil , Contagem de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ratos , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software) . Results: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX<GP=GC, p=0.029), as well as with increased contraction at 7th and 14th days, respectively (7th and 14th days, GX > GP = GC; p<0.05) . Conclusion: Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concentration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Pele/lesões , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Olacaceae/química , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/patologia , Brasil , Contagem de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software) . Results: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX GP=GC, p=0.029), as well as with increased contraction at 7th and 14th days, respectively (7th and 14th days, GX > GP = GC; p 0.05) . Conclusion: Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concentration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Mastócitos , Cicatrização , Regeneração , Fitoterapia , Olacaceae , Pele/lesõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats. METHODS: Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 µm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.
Assuntos
Fabaceae/química , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/patologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Contagem de Células , Colágeno/análise , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Inclusão em Parafina , Período Pós-Operatório , Ratos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pele/lesões , Tela Subcutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Tela Subcutânea/lesões , Tela Subcutânea/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats. METHODS: Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 μm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Fabaceae/química , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/patologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Células , Colágeno/análise , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inclusão em Parafina , Período Pós-Operatório , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pele/lesões , Tela Subcutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Tela Subcutânea/lesões , Tela Subcutânea/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats.METHODS: Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 m of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p 0.05).RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p 0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract.CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.(AU)