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BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with the etiology of several gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and cagA-positive (cagA+) strains are found in populations with gastric ulcers and precancerous lesions, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. The development of neoplasms is related to microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, indicating highly expressed miRNA-629. The article aims to correlate the expression level of miRNA-629 with the presence of H. pylori and the pathogenicity marker cagA. METHODS: 203 gastric biopsy samples were evaluated from individuals with normal gastric tissue (n=60), gastritis (n=96), and gastric cancer (n=47) of both genders and over 18 years old. The samples were subdivided according to the presence or absence of H. pylori, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted using a commercial kit and quantified. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using commercial kits, and the relative expression was calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. RESULTS: Individuals infected with H. pylori are nine times more likely to develop gastric cancer. Cancer patients appeared to have decreased expression of miRNA-629; however, the presence of the bacterium would not influence this reduction. Individuals in the cancer group showed lower miRNA-629 expression when cagA+; however, in the control group, the expression was higher when cagA+. CONCLUSION: H. pylori is a factor involved in the etiology and progression of gastric diseases. Reduction in miRNA-629 expression in cancer patients occurs independent of the presence of the bacterium, but when the cagA pathogenicity marker is present, it induces changes in the gene expression of the respective miRNA.

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BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is an etiologic agent of gastroduodenal diseases. The microorganism, considered a type I carcinogen, affects about 50% of the global population. H. pylori virulence factors are determinant for the clinical outcome of the infection. The outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) gene encodes an outer membrane adhesin and is related to severe gastropathies, such as gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the oipA gene with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases in dyspeptic patients in region Central Brazil. METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of H. pylori. Samples positives were used for molecular screening of the oipA gene. Gastropathies were categorized as non-severe and severe diseases. RESULTS: Approximately 68% of patients had H. pylori and 36% were infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains. Infection was significantly associated in patients aged over 44 years (P=0.004). However, there was no association between oipA and patients' age (P=0.89). Approximately 46% of patients infected with oipA+ strains had some severe illness. Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most frequent severe gastropathy. The H. pylori oipA genotype was inversely associated with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases (OR=0.247, 95%CI: 0.0804-0.7149 and P=0.007). CONCLUSION: The characterization of possible molecular markers will contribute to personalized medicine, impacting the prognosis of patients. BACKGROUND: • Evidence points to an association between the H. pylori oipA gene and gastropathies. BACKGROUND: • There is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection with a relevant percentage of oipA+ strains. BACKGROUND: • More severe gastropathies were observed in those infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains.

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ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with the etiology of several gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and cagA-positive (cagA+) strains are found in populations with gastric ulcers and precancerous lesions, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. The development of neoplasms is related to microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, indicating highly expressed miRNA-629. The article aims to correlate the expression level of miRNA-629 with the presence of H. pylori and the pathogenicity marker cagA. Methods: 203 gastric biopsy samples were evaluated from individuals with normal gastric tissue (n=60), gastritis (n=96), and gastric cancer (n=47) of both genders and over 18 years old. The samples were subdivided according to the presence or absence of H. pylori, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted using a commercial kit and quantified. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using commercial kits, and the relative expression was calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results: Individuals infected with H. pylori are nine times more likely to develop gastric cancer. Cancer patients appeared to have decreased expression of miRNA-629; however, the presence of the bacterium would not influence this reduction. Individuals in the cancer group showed lower miRNA-629 expression when cagA+; however, in the control group, the expression was higher when cagA+. Conclusion: H. pylori is a factor involved in the etiology and progression of gastric diseases. Reduction in miRNA-629 expression in cancer patients occurs independent of the presence of the bacterium, but when the cagA pathogenicity marker is present, it induces changes in the gene expression of the respective miRNA.

RESUMO Contexto: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma bactéria gram-negativa associada à etiologia de várias patologias do trato gastrointestinal, e cepas positivas para cagA (cagA+) são encontradas em populações com úlceras gástricas e lesões pré-cancerígenas, induzindo respostas pró-inflamatórias. O desenvolvimento de neoplasias está relacionado à desregulação do microRNA (miRNA), indicando miRNA-629 altamente expresso. O artigo tem como objetivo correlacionar o nível de expressão do miRNA-629 com a presença de H. pylori e o marcador de patogenicidade cagA. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 203 amostras de biópsia gástrica de indivíduos com tecido gástrico normal (n=60), gastrite (n=96) e câncer gástrico (n=47) de ambos os sexos e com mais de 18 anos. As amostras foram subdivididas de acordo com a presença ou ausência de H. pylori, detectado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O RNA foi extraído usando um kit comercial e quantificado. O DNA complementar (cDNA) foi sintetizado usando kits comerciais, e a expressão relativa foi calculada usando o método 2-ΔΔCt. Resultados: Indivíduos infectados com H. pylori têm nove vezes mais chances de desenvolver câncer gástrico. Pacientes com câncer parecem ter diminuição da expressão do miRNA-629; no entanto, a presença da bactéria não influenciaria essa redução. Indivíduos no grupo do câncer apresentaram menor expressão do miRNA-629 quando cagA+; no entanto, no grupo controle, a expressão foi maior quando cagA+. Conclusão: H. pylori é um fator envolvido na etiologia e progressão das doenças gástricas. A redução na expressão do miRNA-629 em pacientes com câncer ocorre independentemente da presença da bactéria, mas quando o marcador de patogenicidade cagA está presente, induz mudanças na expressão gênica do respectivo miRNA.

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ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori is an etiologic agent of gastroduodenal diseases. The microorganism, considered a type I carcinogen, affects about 50% of the global population. H. pylori virulence factors are determinant for the clinical outcome of the infection. The outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) gene encodes an outer membrane adhesin and is related to severe gastropathies, such as gastric cancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the oipA gene with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases in dyspeptic patients in region Central Brazil. Methods: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of H. pylori. Samples positives were used for molecular screening of the oipA gene. Gastropathies were categorized as non-severe and severe diseases. Results: Approximately 68% of patients had H. pylori and 36% were infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains. Infection was significantly associated in patients aged over 44 years (P=0.004). However, there was no association between oipA and patients' age (P=0.89). Approximately 46% of patients infected with oipA+ strains had some severe illness. Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most frequent severe gastropathy. The H. pylori oipA genotype was inversely associated with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases (OR=0.247, 95%CI: 0.0804-0.7149 and P=0.007). Conclusion: The characterization of possible molecular markers will contribute to personalized medicine, impacting the prognosis of patients.

RESUMO Contexto: Helicobacter pylori é um agente etiológico de doenças gastroduodenais. O microrganismo, considerado cancerígeno tipo I, afeta cerca de 50% da população mundial. Os fatores de virulência do H. pylori são determinantes para o desfecho clínico da infecção. O gene da proteína inflamatória externa A (oipA) codifica uma adesina da membrana externa e está relacionado a gastropatias severas, como o câncer gástrico. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação do gene oipA com a gravidade das doenças gastroduodenais em pacientes dispépticos na região Brasil Central. Métodos: A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi utilizada para determinar a presença de H. pylori. Amostras positivas foram utilizadas para triagem molecular do gene oipA. As gastropatias foram categorizadas como doenças não severas e severas. Resultados: Aproximadamente 68% dos pacientes apresentaram H. pylori e 36% estavam infectados com cepas H. pylori oipA+. A infecção foi significativamente associada em pacientes com idade superior a 44 anos (P=0,004). No entanto, não houve associação entre oipA e a idade dos pacientes (P=0,89). Aproximadamente 46% dos pacientes infectados com cepas oipA+ tiveram alguma doença severa. O adenocarcinoma gástrico foi a gastropatia severa mais frequente. O genótipo oipA de H. pylori foi inversamente associado à gravidade das doenças gastroduodenais (OR=0,247, IC95%: 0,0804-0,7149 P=0,007). Conclusão: A caracterização de possíveis marcadores moleculares contribuirá para a medicina personalizada, impactando no prognóstico dos pacientes.

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BACKGROUND: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the incidence of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: To carry out an exploratory analysis on the dietary patterns of individuals with gastric adenocarcinoma (AdG) in the Central Brazil region. METHODS: This is a case-control study carried out from April 2019 to July 2022, in three reference centers for cancer treatment in Goiânia-GO. The cases were patients diagnosed with AdG, the control 1 dyspeptic patients submitted to upper digestive endoscopy and the control 2 patients without gastric complaints. In the three groups, patients aged 18 to 75 years and of both sexes were recruited. To assess food consumption, a Food Frequency Questionnaire validated for the Brazilian population was used. Dietary patterns were identified by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), using principal component analysis as the extraction method, followed by Varimax rotation. RESULTS: The commonality values in the EFA for the foods/food groups consumed by the cases and controls were above 0.30 for all variables. The variance explained by the model was 66.7% for cases, 60.3% for control 1 and 59.7% for control 2. Three eating patterns were identified in cases, control 1 and control 2 that explained 34, 87%, 35.41% and 33.25% respectively of the total variance. The first pattern ("healthy") was characterized by the consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat and cheese; the second ("unhealthy") for sausages, pizzas, snacks, ketchup, sweet drinks and instant noodles and the third ("prudent") rice, beans, meat and fried fish and pasta. CONCLUSION: This study identified three dietary patterns among patients with AdG and controls in the Central Brazil region. According to the identified patterns, it will be possible to establish a relationship between diet and other epidemiological measures aimed at the prevention of gastric cancer.

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ABSTRACT Background: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the incidence of gastric cancer. Objective: To carry out an exploratory analysis on the dietary patterns of individuals with gastric adenocarcinoma (AdG) in the Central Brazil region. Methods: This is a case-control study carried out from April 2019 to July 2022, in three reference centers for cancer treatment in Goiânia-GO. The cases were patients diagnosed with AdG, the control 1 dyspeptic patients submitted to upper digestive endoscopy and the control 2 patients without gastric complaints. In the three groups, patients aged 18 to 75 years and of both sexes were recruited. To assess food consumption, a Food Frequency Questionnaire validated for the Brazilian population was used. Dietary patterns were identified by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), using principal component analysis as the extraction method, followed by Varimax rotation. Results: The commonality values in the EFA for the foods/food groups consumed by the cases and controls were above 0.30 for all variables. The variance explained by the model was 66.7% for cases, 60.3% for control 1 and 59.7% for control 2. Three eating patterns were identified in cases, control 1 and control 2 that explained 34, 87%, 35.41% and 33.25% respectively of the total variance. The first pattern ("healthy") was characterized by the consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat and cheese; the second ("unhealthy") for sausages, pizzas, snacks, ketchup, sweet drinks and instant noodles and the third ("prudent") rice, beans, meat and fried fish and pasta. Conclusion: This study identified three dietary patterns among patients with AdG and controls in the Central Brazil region. According to the identified patterns, it will be possible to establish a relationship between diet and other epidemiological measures aimed at the prevention of gastric cancer.

RESUMO Contexto: A dieta é um dos fatores de risco modificáveis mais importante para a incidência de câncer gástrico. Objetivo: Realizar uma análise exploratória sobre os padrões alimentares de indivíduos com adenocarcinoma gástrico (AdG) na região Brasil central. Métodos: Este é um estudo de caso-controle realizado no período de abril de 2019 a julho de 2022, em três centros de referência para o tratamento para câncer em Goiânia-GO. Os casos foram pacientes diagnosticados com AdG, o controle 1 pacientes dispépticos submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta e o controle 2 pacientes sem queixas gástricas. Nos três grupos foram recrutados pacientes de 18 a 75 anos e de ambos os sexos. Para avaliar o consumo alimentar foi utilizado um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar validado para a população brasileira. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), utilizando a análise de componentes principais como método de extração, seguida pela rotação Varimax. Resultados: Os valores de comunalidade na AFE para os alimentos/grupos alimentares consumidos pelos casos e controles ficaram acima de 0,30 para todas as variáveis. A variância explicada pelo modelo foi de 66,7%, para casos, 60,3% para o controle 1 e 59,7% para o controle 2. Foram identificados três padrões alimentares nos casos, controle 1 e controle 2 que explicaram 34,87%, 35,41% e 33,25% respectivamente da variância total. O primeiro padrão ("saudável") foi caracterizado pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, carne e queijos; o segundo ("não saudável") por embutidos, pizzas, snacks, ketchup, bebidas doces e macarrão instantâneo e o terceiro ("prudente") arroz, feijão, carnes e peixes fritos e massas. Conclusão: Esse estudo identificou três padrões alimentares entre os pacientes com AdG e os controles na região Brasil central. De acordo com os padrões identificados, será possível estabelecer uma relação entre a dieta e outras medidas epidemiológicas destinadas à prevenção do câncer gástrico.

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BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the association between diet-related inflammation and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and evidence is scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the association between a pro-inflammatory diet and GA. METHODS: A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Brazil. A total of 1645 participants-492 cases, 377 endoscopy controls, and 776 hospital controls-were included. Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used binary and multinomial logistic regression models for the analysis of total GA, and its subtypes (cardia and non-cardia, intestinal, and diffuse histological subtypes). RESULTS: In cases versus endoscopy controls, a pro-inflammatory diet, estimated by higher E-DII scores, was associated with a higher risk GA (ORQ4vsQ1: 2.60, 1.16-5.70), of non-cardia GA (OR: 2.90, 1.06-7.82), and diffuse subtype (OR: 3.93, 1.59-9.70). In cases versus hospital controls, higher E-DII scores were associated with a higher risk of GA (OR: 2.70, 1.60-4.54), of cardia GA (OR: 3.31, 1.32-8.24), non-cardia GA (OR: 2.97, 1.64-5.39), and both intestinal (OR: 2.82, 1.38-5.74) and diffuse GA (OR: 2.50, 1.54-5.11) subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of GA in Brazil. E-DII requires the inclusion of sodium due to its importance in carcinogenesis.

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Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a group 1 carcinogen and the etiological agent of gastric diseases such as gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. It infects approximately half of the world's population. Risk factors associated with H. pylori infection include socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and diet. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between eating habits and H. pylori infection in patients from a reference hospital in Central Brazil. Design: This cross-sectional study included 156 patients from 2019 to 2022. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and a validated food frequency questionnaire. The H. pylori infection status (positive versus negative) was determined using the histopathological method. After grams/day, foods were stratified into tertiles of consumption (low, medium, and high). Simple and multiple binary logistic regression models were used in the analysis of odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 44.2% (69/156 patients). Infected individuals had a mean age of 49.6 ± 14.6 years; 40.6% were men, 34.8% were aged 60 years or older, 42.0% were unmarried, 7.2% had higher education, 72.5% were non-white, and 30.4% were obese. In the H. pylori-positive group, 55.1% were alcohol drinkers and 42.0% were smokers. The results of multiple analyses showed that the chance of H. pylori infection was higher among male participants (OR = 2.25; CI = 1.09-4.68) and individuals with obesity (OR = 2.68; CI = 1.10-6.51). Participants with moderate consumption of refined grains (bread, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal) (OR = 2.41; CI = 1.04-5.62) and fruits (OR = 2.53; CI = 1.08-5.94) were more likely to be infected. Conclusion: In this study, male sex, obesity, and the consumption of refined grains and fruits were positively associated with H. pylori infection. Further research is needed to investigate this association and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

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Objective: The muscle quality index (MQI) is associated with numerous health outcomes in adults; however, the effects of distinct MQI on functional capacity in obese older women have not yet been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the contribution of different muscle quality indices on TUG performance prediction in obese older women. We secondarily evaluated the association between MQI, aerobic capacity performance (Treadmill performance and 6-minute walk test), and obesity indices (BMI, body fat percentage, and neck, waist, and hip circumference). Methods: Participants included 64 obese older women (mean age 67.05 ± 5.46 years, body fat ≥ 35%). General anthropometric, health history, body composition, treadmill exercise, and functional test (Time up and go) measures were collected. A hydraulic dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength, and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to identify body fat percentage. The field MQI was defined as the highest reading divided by the subject's body mass index (BMI), while the laboratory MQI was obtained by the ratio of grip strength to the entire arm muscle in kilograms measured by DXA. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to predict TUG-test performance. Results: An increase in field MQI of one unit is associated with a decrease of 2.59 seconds in the TUG test (ß = -0.540; p = 0.004). There was no association between laboratory MQI and TUG performance (ß = 0.067; p = 0.712). Furthermore, field MQI displays a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with aerobic capacity performance (6-minute walk test and peak O2 consumption) and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with diverse obesity indices (neck and waist circumference, body fat, and BMI). Conclusion: MQI displayed an important prediction with TUG-test, a positive correlation with aerobic capacity, and a negative correlation with obesity indices.

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Abstract Stomach cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer worldwide and is even more pronounced in South America. In Brazil, it is estimated that an increase in the number of cases due to this cancer occurred in the biennium 2018-2019. In this study, we investigated the expenditures of the State Health Department of Goiás on hospitalizations and treatment of gastric cancer for the Unified Health System (SUS) from 2008-2016. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study based on secondary data from the Unified Health System computing department (DATASUS) and the System of Management of the Table of Procedures, Medications, Orthosis, Prosthesis, and Special Materials of SUS through CONECTA-SUS related to International Classification of Diseases-10/C16 (ICD-10/C16) procedures for gastric neoplasms. A total of I$ 5,697,958.20 was spent on gastric tumor in the last nine years in Goiás, I$ 4,492,916.67 (0.3%) on hospitalizations, and I$ 1,997,120.91 on treatment. This study presents a current and relevant estimate of the costs of gastric cancer patients in Goiás. Moreover, we provide information on the extent of the cancer issue to public health. Our analysis offers components for service management and studies that reduce resource allocation in more rational ways

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