RESUMO

A meningite bacteriana é uma inflamação das leptomeninges que envolvem o Sistema Nervoso Central. Essa patologia, que possui diversos agentes etiológicos, apresenta-se na forma de síndrome, com quadro clínico grave. Entre as principais bactérias que causam a meningite, estão a Neisseria meningitis e Streptococcus pneumoniae. A transmissão ocorre através das vias aéreas por meio de gotículas, sendo a corrente sanguínea a principal rota para as bactérias chegarem à barreira hematoencefálica e, a partir dessa, até as meninges. Atualmente existem vários métodos de diagnóstico precisos, onde a cultura de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) é o método padrão ouro. Ademais, a melhora na qualidade do tratamento com beta-lactâmicos e a maior possibilidade de prevenção, devido à elevação do número e da eficácia de vacinas, vem contribuindo para redução dos casos da doença e de sua gravidade. Porém, apesar desses avanços, ainda há um elevado número de mortalidades e sequelas causadas por essa síndrome.

Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the leptomeninges that surround the Central Nervous System. This pathology, which has several etiological agents, is presented as a syndrome with a severe clinical scenario. The main bacteria causing meningitis include Neisseria meningitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can be transmitted by droplets through the airways, with the bacteria using the bloodstream as the main route to reach the blood-brain barrier, and from there to the meninges. There are currently several accurate diagnostic methods, with CSF culture being the gold standard. In addition, the improvement in the quality of beta-lactam treatment and the greater possibility of prevention due to the increased number and effectiveness of vaccines have contributed to reducing the number of cases and severity of the disease. Nevertheless, despite these advances, this syndrome still presents a high number of mortalities and sequelae.

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RESUMO

This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.

Resumo Este estudo investigou a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum e anti-Toxoplasma gondii por ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) e reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), assim como os fatores de risco associados à toxoplasmose e à neosporose em 204 cães provenientes de áreas urbana e rural do município de Araguaína, Estado de Tocantins, Brasil. Cento e trinta amostras (63,7%) foram positivas para T. gondii, destas 57,1% e 70,7% oriundas de áreas urbanas e rurais, respectivamente. Considerando-se o teste RIFI, a frequência de soropositividade para T. gondii foi de 57,4% com distribuição de 62,6% e 52,4% entre áreas rurais e urbanas, respectivamente. Fatores associados à toxoplasmose canina foram raça e idade, com soropositividade maior para animais mais velhos (p<0,05). Em relação à N. caninum, 88 (43,1%) amostras foram positivas, segundo ELISA, sendo distribuídas em 42,9% para área urbana e 43,3% para área rural. Por meio da RIFI, anticorpos anti-N. caninum foram detectados em 62 (30,4%) cães, sendo distribuídos em 31,3% e 29,5% entre áreas rurais e urbanas, respectivamente. Os fatores associados à ocorrência de neosporose, pela RIFI, foram idade e raça (p<0,05). Este estudo representa a primeira detecção de anticorpos IgG para toxoplasmose e neosporose canina no Estado de Tocantins e evidencia a importância de cães na cadeia epidemiológica dessas doenças.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.(AU)

Este estudo investigou a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum e anti-Toxoplasma gondii por ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) e reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), assim como os fatores de risco associados à toxoplasmose e à neosporose em 204 cães provenientes de áreas urbana e rural do município de Araguaína, Estado de Tocantins, Brasil. Cento e trinta amostras (63,7%) foram positivas para T. gondii, destas 57,1% e 70,7% oriundas de áreas urbanas e rurais, respectivamente. Considerando-se o teste RIFI, a frequência de soropositividade para T. gondii foi de 57,4% com distribuição de 62,6% e 52,4% entre áreas rurais e urbanas, respectivamente. Fatores associados à toxoplasmose canina foram raça e idade, com soropositividade maior para animais mais velhos (p<0,05). Em relação à N. caninum, 88 (43,1%) amostras foram positivas, segundo ELISA, sendo distribuídas em 42,9% para área urbana e 43,3% para área rural. Por meio da RIFI, anticorpos anti-N. caninum foram detectados em 62 (30,4%) cães, sendo distribuídos em 31,3% e 29,5% entre áreas rurais e urbanas, respectivamente. Os fatores associados à ocorrência de neosporose, pela RIFI, foram idade e raça (p<0,05). Este estudo representa a primeira detecção de anticorpos IgG para toxoplasmose e neosporose canina no Estado de Tocantins e evidencia a importância de cães na cadeia epidemiológica dessas doenças.(AU)

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This study analyzes the occurrence and distribution of phylogenetic groups of 391 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry, cattle, and water buffalo. The frequency of the phylogroups was A = 19%, B1 = 57%, B2 = 2.3%, C = 4.6%, D = 2.8%, E = 11%, and F = 3.3%. Phylogroups A (P < 0.001) and F (P = 0.018) were associated with E. coli strains isolated from poultry, phylogroups B1 (P < 0.001) and E (P = 0.002) were associated with E. coli isolated from cattle, and phylogroups B2 (P = 0.003) and D (P = 0.017) were associated with E. coli isolated from water buffalo. This report demonstrated that some phylogroups are associated with the host analyzed and the results provide knowledge of the phylogenetic composition of E. coli from domestic animals.

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O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos níveis de inclusão (0, 10, 20 e 30%) do bagaço de mandioca (BM) nas rações sobre os parâmetros físicos e químicos da carne crua e cozida da coxa, sobrecoxa e peito de frangos de corte tipo caipira da linhagem Label rouge®, abatidos aos 84 dias de idade. As análises foram realizadas no laboratório de nutrição animal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins UFT, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, campus de Araguaína. Quarenta carcaças foram divididas em meias-carcaças, sendo 10 meias-carcaças para análise da composição química da carne crua e as outras 10 meias-carcaças para análise da composição química da carne cozida. Nessas análises estão incluídos os teores de proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), matéria seca (MS) e cinzas (CZ), com base na percentagem de matéria seca, além da energia bruta (EB) e das perdas por cozimento. Também realizou-se análises dos atributos físicos da carne (cor, pH e textura) nas outras 20 meias-carcaças. A inclusão do BM na dieta de frangos de corte tipo caipira e a cocção afetaram (P 0,05) as características químicas da carne. Observou-se na carne da coxa redução linear na deposição de CZ e aumento linear na deposição de PB. Na carne da sobrecoxa o teor de PB aumentou até o nível estimado de 17,22% de inclusão de BM correspondente à deposição de 84,21% de PB; e menor teor de EE (19,21%) foi encontrado no nível estimado de 21,33% inclusão de BM. Na carne do peito observou-se deposição de 29,56% de MS com 2,35% de inclusão de BM e 88,56% de deposição de PB para 13,46% de inclusão de BM. Contudo as características físicas da carne não sofreram influência pelos níveis de inclusão do BM. Recomenda-se, com base na composição química da carne, utilizar até o nível de 20% de inclusão do BM.(AU)

The purpose of this study the effect of inclusion levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of cassava bagasse (BM) to the diet on the physical and chemical parameters of raw and cooked meat thigh , drumstick and breast of chicken was to evaluate cutting hillbilly kind of lineage Label rouge® slaughtered at 84 days of age . Analyzes were performed in the laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Universidade Federal do Tocantins UFT, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Campus Araguaína . Forty chicken carcasses, which were divided into half-carcases, half-carcases and 10 for analysis of the chemical composition of raw meat and the other 10 half-carcasses for analysis of chemical composition of cooked meat , they are included in these analyzes the crude protein (CP), ether extract ( EE), dry matter (DM) and ash (CZ), with base on the percentage of dry matter, in addition to gross energy (GE) and cooking losses. Analyzes were also conducted of the physical attributes of meat (color, pH and texture) other 20 half-carcasses. The inclusion of BM in the diet of broilers caipira type cut and cooking affected (P 0.05) the chemical characteristics of meat. Observed in thigh meat linear reduction in the deposition of CZ and linear increase in deposition of PB. Drumstick meat in CP content increased up to the level of 17.22% inclusion of BM corresponding to the deposition of 84.21% CP; and lower levels of EE (19.21%) was found in the estimated level of 21.33% inclusion of BM. In breast meat was observed deposition of 29.56% with 2.35% DM inclusion of BM deposition and 88.56% to 13.46% of CP inclusion of BM. However the physical characteristics of meat were not influenced by the levels of inclusion of BM. It is recommended, with base on the chemical composition of the meat, to use up the 20% level of inclusion of BM.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos níveis de inclusão (0, 10, 20 e 30%) do bagaço de mandioca (BM) nas rações sobre os parâmetros físicos e químicos da carne crua e cozida da coxa, sobrecoxa e peito de frangos de corte tipo caipira da linhagem Label rouge®, abatidos aos 84 dias de idade. As análises foram realizadas no laboratório de nutrição animal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins UFT, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, campus de Araguaína. Quarenta carcaças foram divididas em meias-carcaças, sendo 10 meias-carcaças para análise da composição química da carne crua e as outras 10 meias-carcaças para análise da composição química da carne cozida. Nessas análises estão incluídos os teores de proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), matéria seca (MS) e cinzas (CZ), com base na percentagem de matéria seca, além da energia bruta (EB) e das perdas por cozimento. Também realizou-se análises dos atributos físicos da carne (cor, pH e textura) nas outras 20 meias-carcaças. A inclusão do BM na dieta de frangos de corte tipo caipira e a cocção afetaram (P 0,05) as características químicas da carne. Observou-se na carne da coxa redução linear na deposição de CZ e aumento linear na deposição de PB. Na carne da sobrecoxa o teor de PB aumentou até o nível estimado de 17,22% de inclusão de BM correspondente à deposição de 84,21% de PB; e menor teor de EE (19,21%) foi encontrado no nível estimado de 21,33% inclusão de BM. Na carne do peito observou-se deposição de 29,56% de MS com 2,35% de inclusão de BM e 88,56% de deposição de PB para 13,46% de inclusão de BM. Contudo as características físicas da carne não sofreram influência pelos níveis de inclusão do BM. Recomenda-se, com base na composição química da carne, utilizar até o nível de 20% de inclusão do BM.

The purpose of this study the effect of inclusion levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of cassava bagasse (BM) to the diet on the physical and chemical parameters of raw and cooked meat thigh , drumstick and breast of chicken was to evaluate cutting hillbilly kind of lineage Label rouge® slaughtered at 84 days of age . Analyzes were performed in the laboratory of Animal Nutrition , Universidade Federal do Tocantins UFT, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Campus Araguaína . Forty chicken carcasses, which were divided into half-carcases, half-carcases and 10 for analysis of the chemical composition of raw meat and the other 10 half-carcasses for analysis of chemical composition of cooked meat , they are included in these analyzes the crude protein (CP), ether extract ( EE), dry matter (DM) and ash (CZ), with base on the percentage of dry matter, in addition to gross energy (GE) and cooking losses. Analyzes were also conducted of the physical attributes of meat (color, pH and texture) other 20 half-carcasses. The inclusion of BM in the diet of broilers caipira type cut and cooking affected (P 0.05) the chemical characteristics of meat. Observed in thigh meat linear reduction in the deposition of CZ and linear increase in deposition of PB. Drumstick meat in CP content increased up to the level of 17.22% inclusion of BM corresponding to the deposition of 84.21% CP; and lower levels of EE (19.21%) was found in the estimated level of 21.33% inclusion of BM. In breast meat was observed deposition of 29.56% with 2.35% DM inclusion of BM deposition and 88.56% to 13.46% of CP inclusion of BM. However the physical characteristics of meat were not influenced by the levels of inclusion of BM. It is recommended, with base on the chemical composition of the meat, to use up the 20% level of inclusion of BM.

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RESUMO

The present experiment aimed to perform histopathological, muscle and liver glycogen and muscle pH analyses ofcows dead during transportation, and submitted to necropsy in slaughterhouses inspected by Federal Agencies, in Araguaína– TO, Brazil, from January to July 2013. Six affected animals dead during transportation and submitted to necropsyconstituted the Experimental Group (EG); a Control Group (CG), was composed by 6 cows slaughtered ordinarily followingthe slaughter flow. Gross and histopathological evaluations were accomplished only on EG. The main gross lesionsobserved at necropsy were extensive subcutaneous and muscle hemorrhage and hematomas, interstitial (83.3% of cases) andalveolar (66.6% of cases) lung emphysema, lung congestion (66.6% of cases) and edema (16.6% of cases), kidney (83.3%of cases) and liver congestion (16.6% of cases). On histopathological evaluation, the lungs showed interstitial (100% ofcases) and alveolar emphysema (66.6% of cases), congestion (66.6% of cases), edema (16.6% of cases) and blood aspiration(16.6% of cases). Renal congestion (83.3% of cases), hyaline casts (50% of cases) and tubular degeneration were thekidneys changes (16.6% of cases). Rarefaction of the white pulp (66.6% of cases), red pulp (66.6% of cases) andhemosiderin (16.6% of cases) were detected on spleen. The hepatocytes showed turve and finely vacuolyzed cytoplasm(lace-like aspect) possibly caused by a reduction on glycogen (50% of cases) and congestion (16.6% of cases). Autholysiswas observed on 50% of the livers and 16.6% of the spleens and kidneys. The animals from the EG presented higher meanof degenerate muscle fibers. The intercostal muscle was more affected when compared with other muscles on the samegroup. Muscle pH values were higher on EG than on CG. Differently, glycogen average values were similar between groups(EG 58.97 µmol/g and CG 57.05 µmol/g)[...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present experiment aimed to perform histopathological, muscle and liver glycogen and muscle pH analyses ofcows dead during transportation, and submitted to necropsy in slaughterhouses inspected by Federal Agencies, in AraguaínaTO, Brazil, from January to July 2013. Six affected animals dead during transportation and submitted to necropsyconstituted the Experimental Group (EG); a Control Group (CG), was composed by 6 cows slaughtered ordinarily followingthe slaughter flow. Gross and histopathological evaluations were accomplished only on EG. The main gross lesionsobserved at necropsy were extensive subcutaneous and muscle hemorrhage and hematomas, interstitial (83.3% of cases) andalveolar (66.6% of cases) lung emphysema, lung congestion (66.6% of cases) and edema (16.6% of cases), kidney (83.3%of cases) and liver congestion (16.6% of cases). On histopathological evaluation, the lungs showed interstitial (100% ofcases) and alveolar emphysema (66.6% of cases), congestion (66.6% of cases), edema (16.6% of cases) and blood aspiration(16.6% of cases). Renal congestion (83.3% of cases), hyaline casts (50% of cases) and tubular degeneration were thekidneys changes (16.6% of cases). Rarefaction of the white pulp (66.6% of cases), red pulp (66.6% of cases) andhemosiderin (16.6% of cases) were detected on spleen. The hepatocytes showed turve and finely vacuolyzed cytoplasm(lace-like aspect) possibly caused by a reduction on glycogen (50% of cases) and congestion (16.6% of cases). Autholysiswas observed on 50% of the livers and 16.6% of the spleens and kidneys. The animals from the EG presented higher meanof degenerate muscle fibers. The intercostal muscle was more affected when compared with other muscles on the samegroup. Muscle pH values were higher on EG than on CG. Differently, glycogen average values were similar between groups(EG 58.97 µmol/g and CG 57.05 µmol/g)[...](AU)

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RESUMO

Este estudo teve como objetivo a padronizacão de protocolos e a selecão de novos primers para a identificacão espécie-específica de Taenia saginata e Taenia solium através da reacão em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e duplex-PCR. Inicialmente, foram recuperadas seqüências depositadas no GenBank (acesso nº AB020399 para T. saginata e nº AB020395 para T. solium) referentes ao gene da subunidade maior do ribossomo (LSU RNAr) de tenídeos. A partir do alinhamento das seqüências, um primer genérico denominado TBR-3 (5'-ggcttgtttgaatggtttgacg- 3') foi selecionado de região conservada e, de diferentes regiões semi-conservadas, os primers específicos TBR-4 para T. saginata (5'-cgactcatgaagataaacaaggt-3') e TBR-5 (5'-cggtcgaacagaccataaatct-3') e TBR-6 (5'-gctactacacctaaattctaacc- 3') para T. solium. Os primers foram avaliados quanto à especificidade através da PCR empregando-se DNA total (DNAt) de amostras de cisticercos e proglotes dos parasitos, previamente identificadas por critérios morfológicos. O par de primers TBR-3/TBR-4 permitiu a amplificacão específica do fragmento esperado de 328 pb a partir do DNAt de T. saginata. Os pares TBR-3/TBR-5 e TBR-3/TBR-6 permitiram a amplificacão, respectivamente, dos fragmentos específicos de 310pb e 286pb a partir do DNAt de T. solium. A identidade dos produtos de PCR foi comprovada comparando-se a seqüência dos amplicons obtidos às seqüências de referência do gene LSU RNAr registrado no GenBank (nº AB020399 e nº AB020395). As reacões apresentaram sensibilidade para deteccão de até 1fg do DNAt de T. solium e 0,2fg do DNAt de T. saginata. A combinacão dos primers TBR-3/TBR-4 e TBR3/TBR-6 e o tamanho dos fragmentos gênicos obtidos permitiram o estabelecimento de ensaios de duplex-PCR, eficaz na deteccão simultânea do DNA de T. saginata e T. solium em sistema único de reacão. Os primers utilizados não geraram qualquer produto de amplificacão cruzada quando testados com DNAt de Taenia hydatigena, Taenia taeniaeformis, Hymenolepis diminuta, Anoplocephala magna, Paranoplocephala mamillana e Moniezia expansa, nem frente ao DNAt dos hospedeiros Homo sapiens, Bos taurus e Sus scrofa.

Assuntos