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RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química e as características fermentativas de silagens da polpa de café com diferentes proporções de casca de café. O material foi ensilado em PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro por 750 mm de altura, segundo os tratamentos: polpa de café (PC), PC + 20% de casca de café (CC), PC + 40% de CC e PC + 60% de CC, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Os silos foram abertos 60 dias após o fechamento, quando foram retiradas amostras para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose, pH, N-NH3, cafeína, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Determinou-se também a produção de efluentes e de gás. Houve um aumento linear no teor de MS e pH, à medida que foi adicionado casca de café nas silagens, e decréscimo linear nos teores de PB, FDN e FDA, lignina, celulose, cafeína, Ca e P. Esse decréscimo ocorreu pelo fato da casca de café possuir teores inferiores ao da polpa para PB, FDN, FDA, cafeína, Ca e P. Houve também redução linear nos valores de N-NH3, e somente a silagem com maior porcentagem de casca de café obteve valor inferior a 10%, considerado como limite para silagem de boa qualidade. A produção de efluentes foi maior para a silagem de polpa de café sem casca e não se obteve nenhuma produção na silagem com 60% de casca. Não houve diferença significativa na DIVMS entre os tratamentos. A casca de café foi efetiva em aumentar o teor de MS da silagem de PC e em reduzir os teores de FDN, FDA, N-NH3, proporcionando silagem de valor nutritivo satisfatório à alimentação de bovinos, criando, assim, alternativa para aproveitamento desses resíduos. Ao considerar o teor de MS encontrado nas silagens, a melhor quantidade de casca de café a ser acrescentada à polpa de café, para produção de silagem está entre 30% e 35%.

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the coffee pulp silages with different proportions of coffee hulls. The material was ensiled in PVC with 150 mm diameter by 750 mm high, according to the treatments: coffee pulp (CoP), CoP + 20% of coffee hulls (CH), CoP + 40% of CH and CoP + 60% CH in a completely randomized design with six replications. The silos were opened 60 days after closing, when samples were taken for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, pH, N-NH3, caffeine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. We also determined gas production and effluent. There was a linear increase in DM content and pH, and a linear decrease of CP, NDF and ADF, lignin, cellulose, caffeine, Ca and P. This reduction occurs because the coffee hulls have lower levels than pulp to CP, NDF, ADF, caffeine, Ca and P. There was also a linear reduction in N-NH3 values, and only the highest percentage of silage with coffee hulls obtained below 10%, considered as the limit for good quality silage. Effluent production was higher for silage shelled coffee pulp and do not get any production in silage with 60% coffee hull. There was no significant difference in vitro digestibility of dry matter among treatments. The coffee hulls was effective in increasing DM content of CoP silage and to reduce NDF, ADF, N-NH3, providing nutritional value of silage satisfactory for cattle feed, creating an alternative for recovery of such waste. When considering the DM content found in silages, the amount of bark best coffee to be added to coffee pulp for the production of silage is between 30% and 35%.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química e as características fermentativas de silagens da polpa de café com diferentes proporções de casca de café. O material foi ensilado em PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro por 750 mm de altura, segundo os tratamentos: polpa de café (PC), PC + 20% de casca de café (CC), PC + 40% de CC e PC + 60% de CC, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Os silos foram abertos 60 dias após o fechamento, quando foram retiradas amostras para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose, pH, N-NH3, cafeína, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Determinou-se também a produção de efluentes e de gás. Houve um aumento linear no teor de MS e pH, à medida que foi adicionado casca de café nas silagens, e decréscimo linear nos teores de PB, FDN e FDA, lignina, celulose, cafeína, Ca e P. Esse decréscimo ocorreu pelo fato da casca de café possuir teores inferiores ao da polpa para PB, FDN, FDA, cafeína, Ca e P. Houve também redução linear nos valores de N-NH3, e somente a silagem com maior porcentagem de casca de café obteve valor inferior a 10%, considerado como limite para silagem de boa qualidade. A produção de efluentes foi maior para a silagem de polpa de café sem casca e não se obteve nenhuma produção na silagem com 60% de casca. Não houve diferença significativa na DIVMS entre os tratamentos. A casca de café foi efetiva em aumentar o teor de MS da silagem de PC e em reduzir os teores de FDN, FDA, N-NH3, proporcionando silagem de valor nutritivo satisfatório à alimentação de bovinos, criando, assim, alternativa para aproveitamento desses resíduos. Ao considerar o teor de MS encontrado nas silagens, a melhor quantidade de casca de café a ser acrescentada à polpa de café, para produção de silagem está entre 30% e 35%. (AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the coffee pulp silages with different proportions of coffee hulls. The material was ensiled in PVC with 150 mm diameter by 750 mm high, according to the treatments: coffee pulp (CoP), CoP + 20% of coffee hulls (CH), CoP + 40% of CH and CoP + 60% CH in a completely randomized design with six replications. The silos were opened 60 days after closing, when samples were taken for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, pH, N-NH3, caffeine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. We also determined gas production and effluent. There was a linear increase in DM content and pH, and a linear decrease of CP, NDF and ADF, lignin, cellulose, caffeine, Ca and P. This reduction occurs because the coffee hulls have lower levels than pulp to CP, NDF, ADF, caffeine, Ca and P. There was also a linear reduction in N-NH3 values, and only the highest percentage of silage with coffee hulls obtained below 10%, considered as the limit for good quality silage. Effluent production was higher for silage shelled coffee pulp and do not get any production in silage with 60% coffee hull. There was no significant difference in vitro digestibility of dry matter among treatments. The coffee hulls was effective in increasing DM content of CoP silage and to reduce NDF, ADF, N-NH3, providing nutritional value of silage satisfactory for cattle feed, creating an alternative for recovery of such waste. When considering the DM content found in silages, the amount of bark best coffee to be added to coffee pulp for the production of silage is between 30% and 35%. (AU)

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RESUMO

O diabetes melito é uma doença crônica caracterizada pela elevação da glicose no sangue (hiperglicemia), sendo considerada um distúrbio do metabolismo dos carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas, devido à ausência de insulina produzida pelo pâncreas e/ou pela diminuição de sua ação. Tal patologia é a sexta causa de internação como diagnóstico primário e contribui em até 50% para outras causas como cardiopatias, acidente vascular cerebral e hipertensão arterial, entre outras. Uma alternativa de tratamento que nos últimos anos vem recebendo aumento de pesquisas e interesse de uso é a fitoterapia, a qual pode ser igualada e somada à terapia convencional. Com isso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de indivíduos com diabetes melito na cidade de Herval D'Oeste-SC e também apresentar a importância da ingestão segura de plantas medicinais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que esse consumo de plantas medicinais ocorre de maneira errônea, onde apenas 19% das plantas citadas tiveram comprovação científica na terapêutica do diabetes. Além disso, grande parte dos usuários de plantas medicinais (89,4%) escolhe as espécies vegetais através da cultura familiar. Portanto, há necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas a essa terapia, assim como, maiores informações para a população e profissionais da saúde em relação à correta utilização das plantas, bem como a forma de preparo e quantidade a ser ingerida.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and is considered a disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, due to lack of insulin produced by the pancreas and / or reduction in its action. This condition is the sixth leading cause of hospitalization as primary diagnosis and contributes up to 50% to other causes such as heart diseases, stroke and hypertension, among others. An alternative treatment, which in recent years had an increase in interest and research, is the herbal medicine, which can be equalled and added to conventional therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of medicinal plants in treating individuals with diabetes mellitus in the city of Herval D' Oeste, Santa Catarina State, Brazil and also present the importance of safe intake of medicinal plants. The obtained results showed that consumption of medicinal plants occurs erroneously, where only 19% of the cited plants had scientific evidence for diabetes therapy. In addition, most users of medicinal plants (89.4%) choose the plant species by family culture. Thus, further research focused on this therapy is needed, as well as further information to the public and health professionals regarding the correct use of plants, preparation and quantity to be ingested.

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We investigated the effect of the -278A>C polymorphism in the CYP7A1 gene on the response of plasma lipids to a reduced-fat diet for 6 to 8 weeks in a group of 82 dyslipidemic males with a mean age of 46.0 ± 11.7 years. Individuals who presented at least one high alteration in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride values were considered to be dyslipidemic. Exclusion criteria were secondary dyslipidemia due to diabetes mellitus, renal, liver, or thyroid disease. None of the subjects were using lipid-lowering medication. Baseline and follow-up lipid concentrations were measured. The genotypes were determined by the digestion of PCR products with the BsaI restriction endonuclease. There were statistically significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations after dietary intervention. The minor allele C has a frequency of 43 percent. Carriers of the C allele had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.02) than AA homozygotes. After adjustment of covariates, subjects with the AC and CC genotypes showed a greater reduction in triglyceride concentrations compared to subjects with the AA genotype. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the AC and CC CYP7A1 genotypes accounted for 5.2 and 6.2 percent of triglyceride concentration during follow-up and adjusted percent of change of triglyceride concentration, respectively. The present study provides evidence that -278A>C polymorphism in the CYP7A1 gene can modify triglyceride concentrations in response to a reduced fat diet in a dyslipidemic male population. This gene represents a potential locus for a nutrigenetic directed approach.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of the -278A>C polymorphism in the CYP7A1 gene on the response of plasma lipids to a reduced-fat diet for 6 to 8 weeks in a group of 82 dyslipidemic males with a mean age of 46.0 +/- 11.7 years. Individuals who presented at least one high alteration in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride values were considered to be dyslipidemic. Exclusion criteria were secondary dyslipidemia due to diabetes mellitus, renal, liver, or thyroid disease. None of the subjects were using lipid-lowering medication. Baseline and follow-up lipid concentrations were measured. The genotypes were determined by the digestion of PCR products with the BsaI restriction endonuclease. There were statistically significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations after dietary intervention. The minor allele C has a frequency of 43%. Carriers of the C allele had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.02) than AA homozygotes. After adjustment of covariates, subjects with the AC and CC genotypes showed a greater reduction in triglyceride concentrations compared to subjects with the AA genotype. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the AC and CC CYP7A1 genotypes accounted for 5.2 and 6.2% of triglyceride concentration during follow-up and adjusted percent of change of triglyceride concentration, respectively. The present study provides evidence that -278A>C polymorphism in the CYP7A1 gene can modify triglyceride concentrations in response to a reduced fat diet in a dyslipidemic male population. This gene represents a potential locus for a nutrigenetic directed approach.

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RESUMO

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: The hypothesis that cold-knife conization performed in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and unsatisfactory colposcopy is a better procedure than the loop electrosurgical procedure (LEEP) is tested. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in conization specimens of women submitted to LEEP (n = 102) or conization (n = 245) due to HSIL. Age, biopsy, compromised surgical margins in conization, and recurrence were analysed. RESULTS: The frequency of invasion, non-compromised margins, and recurrence in conization and LEEP were, respectively, 7.7% versus 2.9%, 64.1% versus 48% (p = 0.008), and 33.8% versus 24.1%. Eight (42.1%) and five (26.3%) of 19 women submitted to conization where invasion was found in surgical specimens were, respectively, menopausal or had unsatisfactory colposcopy. Twenty-five (96.2%) of 26 and 23 (95.8%) of 24, respectively, undergoing conization and LEEP had recurrence in the first five years. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of cold-knife conization in cases where the lesion is located deep in the cervical canal.

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Fundado em maio de 1940, no município de Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, o Hospital Colônia Itapuã foi criado para abrigar os portadores do mal de Hansen. Construído para funcionar como uma microcidade, o hospital foi palco de inúmeras histórias de vida e trabalho. Os fragmentos destas trajetórias coletivas e individuais estão sendo resgatados desde 1999, quando foi implementado o Centro de Documentação e Pesquisa (Cedope/HCI). É atravésw das atividades deste centro que propomos apresentar uma aproximação com a história do hospital e daqueles que viveram e ainda vivem nesta instituição

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OBJECTIVE: To emphasize that congenital defects of the diaphragm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden onset of respiratory distress in children. MATHOD: Two illustrative cases of children (aged 2 years) with late presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia who developed sudden respiratory distress and were managed at the University Hospital of Santa Maria are reported. The medical literature was reviewed to identify cases reports and other articles related to late presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A computerized search was performed using the MEDLINE data base to identify papers published within the last 25 years. RESULTS: In both cases the initial clinical examination and plain chest X-rays were misinterpreted as another pleuropulmonary disease like pneumothorax/pneumatoceles. One of the children underwent to emergency chest tube placement without clinical improvement. The absence of respiratory symptoms that could justify this kind of pathology motivated a more careful investigation, involving fiberoptical endoscopy and intestinal seriography. This subsequent investigation revealed that the cause was late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia. CONCLUSION: Although many congenital diaphragmatic hernias that present late have a history of chronic respiratory symptoms, some of them present with acute symptoms. A higher degree of attention is required to avoid confusion with other intrathoracic conditions, such as pneumatoceles and pneumothorax, if an incorrect diagnosis is to be avoided. Misinterpretation of the radiographs is likely if the possibility of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is not considered, and may result in increased morbidity. Gastric atony may occur in the early postoperative period.