RESUMO

ABSTRACT FUNGI IN THE BIOREMEDIATION OF DEGRADED AREAS. The increase in industrial ac tivities has intensified environmental pollution, promoting the improper disposal of household and industrial waste, especially hazardous waste, resulting in contamination of soil, air, surface water and groundwater resources. One of the technologies used in the recovery of these degraded areas is bioremediation, which uses microorganisms as recovery agents. Therefore, this review aims to address the main aspects of bioremediation by fungi mycoremediation of contaminated soil based on various previously published studies available in major databases such as SciELO, LILACS, HighWire, PubMed. This biotechnology has been used for years in other countries, and in some cases has lower cost and higher efficiency in removal of contaminants than the physical and chemical techniques that are currently used on a commercial scale in the treatment of various wastes and the remediation of degraded areas. It is therefore necessary to develop further studies to understand the mechanisms of bioremediation mediated by microorganisms, as a biological tool in fighting pollution.

RESUMO O aumento das atividades industriais tem intensificado a poluição ambiental, promovendo a disposição inadequada de resíduos domésticos e industriais, principalmente resíduos perniciosos, implicando na contaminação do solo, ar, recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos. Dentre as tecnologias mais utilizadas na recuperação dessas áreas degradadas, destaca-se a biorremediação, que tem, como agentes recuperadores, os micro-organismos. Portanto, o presente trabalho de revisão tem por objetivo abordar os principais aspectos da biorremediação por fungos micorremediação de solos contaminados baseados nas diversas pesquisas já publicadas e disponíveis nos principais bancos de dados, tais como SciELO, LILACS, HighWire e PubMed. Essa biotecnologia vem sendo utilizada há vários anos em outros países e, em certos casos, apresenta menor custo e maior eficiência na remoção dos contaminantes do que as técnicas físicas e químicas que são atualmente utilizadas em escala comercial no tratamento de diversos resíduos e na remediação de áreas degradadas. Diante disso, é necessário que sejam realizados mais estudos para compreender os mecanismos de biorremediação mediada por micro-organismos, como ferramenta biológica no combate a poluição.

RESUMO

O aumento das atividades industriais tem intensificado a poluição ambiental, promovendo a disposição inadequada de resíduos domésticos e industriais, principalmente resíduos perniciosos, implicando na contaminação do solo, ar, recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos. Dentre as tecnologias mais utilizadas na recuperação dessas áreas degradadas, destaca-se a biorremediação, que tem, como agentes recuperadores, os micro-organismos. Portanto, o presente trabalho de revisão tem por objetivo abordar os principais aspectos da biorremediação por fungos ­ micorremediação de solos contaminados baseados nas diversas pesquisas já publicadas e disponíveis nos principais bancos de dados, tais como SciELO, LILACS, HighWire e PubMed. Essa biotecnologia vem sendo utilizada há vários anos em outros países e, em certos casos, apresenta menor custo e maior eficiência na remoção dos contaminantes do que as técnicas físicas e químicas que são atualmente utilizadas em escala comercial no tratamento de diversos resíduos e na remediação de áreas degradadas. Diante disso, é necessário que sejam realizados mais estudos para compreender os mecanismos de biorremediação mediada por micro-organismos, como ferramenta biológica no combate a poluição.

The increase in industrial ac tivities has intensified environmental pollution, promoting the improper disposal of household and industrial waste, especially hazardous waste, resulting in contamination of soil, air, surface water and groundwater resources. One of the technologies used in the recovery of these degraded areas is bioremediation, which uses microorganisms as recovery agents. Therefore, this review aims to address the main aspects of bioremediation by fungi ­ mycoremediation of contaminated soil based on various previously published studies available in major databases such as SciELO, LILACS, HighWire, PubMed. This biotechnology has been used for years in other countries, and in some cases has lower cost and higher efficiency in removal of contaminants than the physical and chemical techniques that are currently used on a commercial scale in the treatment of various wastes and the remediation of degraded areas. It is therefore necessary to develop further studies to understand the mechanisms of bioremediation mediated by microorganisms, as a biological tool in fighting pollution.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Leaves of Piper ovatum are known in folk medicine as "joão burandi" or "anestésica" and in traditional Brazilian medicine are used to treat inflammatory disease. The hydroalcoholic extract, fractions, and a mixture of piperovatine (1) and piperlonguminine (2) in a proportion of 2:3 obtained from Piper ovatum were assayed for anti-inflammatory activity by means of carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats and croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. The hydroalcoholic extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fraction constituents were evaluated by phytochemical screening, and the mixture of amides (1 and 2) was identified by analyses of spectral data of (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. Acute toxicity of the extract also was evaluated. At 500mg/kg, the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper ovatum leaves did not reduce the volume of inflammatory pleural exudates compared with control animals. However, the hydroalcoholic extract and fractions F1-F3 at doses of 5.0mg/ear and a mixture of piperovatine (1) and piperlonguminine (2) at doses of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625mg/ear significantly reduced the degree of ear edema. Taken together, the results indicate that the amide fractions piperovatine and piperlonguminine showed the greatest inhibitory activity of topical inflammation induced by croton oil.

Assuntos